e10vq
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q
 
     
þ
  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006
OR
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the transition period from          to          
 
Commission file number 1-6732
 
Covanta Holding Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Delaware   95-6021257
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
     
40 Lane Road, Fairfield, NJ   07004
(Address of Principal Executive Office)   (Zip code)
 
(973) 882-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ     No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer þ   Accelerated filer o  Non-accelerated filer o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o     No þ
 
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
 
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of the last practicable date.
 
         
Class
 
Outstanding at July 31, 2006
 
Common Stock, $ 0.10 par value     147,450,853 shares
 


 

 
COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2006
 
         
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Other
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 Certification of CEO
 Certification of CFO
 Certifications


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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking” statements as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”) or in releases made by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), all as may be amended from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Covanta Holding Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Covanta”) or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as the words “plan”, “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “project”, “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “seeks”, or “scheduled to”, or other similar words, or the negative of these terms or other variations of these terms or comparable language, or by discussion of strategy or intentions. These cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PSLRA with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of such laws. Covanta cautions investors that any forward-looking statements made by Covanta are not guarantees or indicative of future performance. Important assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements with respect to Covanta, include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties affecting their businesses described in Item 1A of Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 and in other securities filings by Covanta.
 
Although Covanta believes that its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from a projection or assumption in any of its forward-looking statements. Covanta’s future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and inherent risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are made only as of the date hereof and Covanta does not have or undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law.


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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended
    Six Months Ended
 
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)
 
    (In thousands, except per share amounts)  
 
OPERATING REVENUES:
                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 213,501     $ 131,108     $ 404,870     $ 242,448  
Electricity and steam sales
    116,413       63,437       225,591       122,225  
Other operating revenues
    4,222       4,547       9,031       9,238  
                                 
Total operating revenues
    334,136       199,092       639,492       373,911  
                                 
OPERATING EXPENSES:
                               
Plant operating expenses
    174,561       122,923       360,719       241,199  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    48,838       17,857       95,235       33,531  
Net interest expense on project debt
    15,293       10,079       31,291       19,712  
Other operating expenses
    1,520       1,696       4,210       5,358  
General and administrative expenses
    17,236       13,283       35,831       26,803  
Restructuring charges
          2,655             2,655  
Acquisition-related charges
          1,785             1,980  
                                 
Total operating expenses
    257,448       170,278       527,286       331,238  
                                 
Operating income
    76,688       28,814       112,206       42,673  
                                 
Other income (expense):
                               
Investment income
    2,915       994       5,318       1,873  
Interest expense
    (31,814 )     (18,031 )     (60,297 )     (28,352 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    (2,342 )           (2,342 )      
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, unexercised ACL warrants
          500             4,218  
                                 
Total other expenses
    (31,241 )     (16,537 )     (57,321 )     (22,261 )
                                 
Income before income tax expense, minority interests and equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
    45,447       12,277       54,885       20,412  
Income tax expense
    (6,662 )     (4,875 )     (10,925 )     (7,617 )
Minority interests
    (2,279 )     (5,589 )     (2,879 )     (7,139 )
Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
    14,672       4,104       21,515       10,564  
                                 
NET INCOME
  $ 51,178     $ 5,917     $ 62,596     $ 16,220  
                                 
Earnings Per Share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.35     $ 0.06     $ 0.43     $ 0.16  
                                 
Diluted
  $ 0.35     $ 0.05     $ 0.43     $ 0.15  
                                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
                 
    As of  
    June 30,
    December 31,
 
    2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)        
    (In thousands, except per share amounts)  
 
ASSETS
Current:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 166,481     $ 128,556  
Marketable securities available for sale
    7,300       7,400  
Restricted funds held in trust
    185,390       197,527  
Receivables (less allowances of $3,377 and $4,959)
    201,600       202,893  
Unbilled service receivables
    56,613       57,588  
Deferred income taxes
    31,799       21,058  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    77,003       79,378  
                 
Total Current Assets
    726,186       694,400  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    2,670,514       2,724,843  
Investments in fixed maturities at market (cost: $40,697 and $44,824)
    39,262       43,667  
Restricted funds held in trust
    247,257       249,905  
Unbilled service receivables
    79,543       86,830  
Intangible assets, net
    408,702       434,543  
Goodwill
    217,548       255,927  
Investments in and advances to investees and joint ventures
    81,383       66,301  
Deferred income taxes
    55,343       26,236  
Other assets
    120,620       119,513  
                 
Total Assets
  $ 4,646,358     $ 4,702,165  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current:
               
Current portion of long-term debt
  $ 36,411     $ 47,549  
Current portion of project debt
    176,649       174,114  
Accounts payable
    24,398       19,447  
Deferred revenue
    13,267       14,524  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    167,668       205,351  
                 
Total Current Liabilities
    418,393       460,985  
Long-term debt
    1,246,736       1,260,570  
Project debt
    1,349,217       1,424,170  
Deferred income taxes
    552,640       533,169  
Other liabilities
    320,876       343,402  
                 
Total Liabilities
    3,887,862       4,022,296  
                 
Minority Interests
    70,146       80,628  
                 
Stockholders’ Equity:
               
Preferred stock ($0.10 par value; authorized 10,000 shares; none issued and outstanding)
           
Common stock ($0.10 par value; authorized 250,000 shares; issued 147,559 and 141,246 shares; outstanding 147,451 and 141,166 shares)
    14,756       14,125  
Additional paid-in capital
    613,679       594,186  
Unearned compensation
          (4,583 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    2,344       535  
Accumulated earnings (deficit)
    57,582       (5,014 )
Treasury stock, at par
    (11 )     (8 )
                 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
    688,350       599,241  
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
  $ 4,646,358     $ 4,702,165  
                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
                 
    For the
 
    Six Months Ended
 
    June 30,  
    2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)
 
    (In thousands)  
 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
               
Net income
  $ 62,596     $ 16,220  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization expense
    95,235       33,531  
Revenue contract levelization
    2,174        
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    5,956       5,350  
Amortization of project debt premium and discount
    (11,540 )     (5,675 )
Accretion on principal of senior secured notes
          872  
Provision for doubtful accounts
    (276 )     830  
Stock-based compensation expense
    3,368       1,056  
Equity in net income from unconsolidated Waste and Energy Services investments
    (21,515 )     (10,564 )
Dividends from unconsolidated Waste and Energy Services investments
    5,762       10,053  
Minority interests
    2,879       7,139  
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, unexercised ACL warrants
          (4,218 )
Deferred income taxes
    736       3,135  
Other, net
    2,593       197  
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition:
               
Restricted funds for emergence costs
          8,615  
Receivables
    (3,023 )     19,589  
Unbilled service receivables
    8,262       6,867  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    (13,342 )     (23,157 )
Accrued emergence costs
          (8,615 )
Deferred revenue
    (1,257 )     (2,997 )
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
    (4,991 )     (9,649 )
Other, net
    (19,087 )     9,205  
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    114,530       57,784  
                 
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Purchase of ARC Holdings
          (747,217 )
Cash acquired from ARC Holdings
          62,358  
Proceeds from the sale of investment securities
    5,096       9,726  
Purchase of investment securities
    (710 )     (2,503 )
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
    (26,797 )     (7,754 )
Other
    3,545       2,666  
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
    (18,866 )     (682,724 )
                 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Proceeds from the 9.25% rights offering, net
    20,778        
Proceeds from the ARC Holdings rights offering, net
          395,721  
Proceeds from the exercise of options for common stock
    558       3,868  
Purchase of treasury stock
          (897 )
Borrowings of long-term debt
    97,577       675,000  
Borrowings for facilities
    5,149       44,309  
Payment of long-term debt
    (120,039 )     (317,521 )
Payment of project debt
    (69,009 )     (91,703 )
Payment of deferred financing costs
    (2,129 )     (34,574 )
Increase in Parent restricted funds
          (6,471 )
Decrease in restricted funds held in trust
    14,722       11,347  
Distribution to minority partners
    (5,346 )     (6,233 )
                 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (57,739 )     672,846  
                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    37,925       47,906  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    128,556       96,148  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 166,481     $ 144,054  
                 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2006
 
                                                                         
                            Accumulated
                         
                Additional
          Other
    Accumulated
                   
    Common Stock     Paid-In
    Unearned
    Comprehensive
    Earnings
    Treasury Stock        
    Shares     Amount     Capital     Compensation     Income     (Deficit)     Shares     Amount     Total  
    (Unaudited)
 
    (In thousands)  
 
Balance as of December 31, 2005
    141,246     $ 14,125     $ 594,186     $ (4,583 )   $ 535     $ (5,014 )     80     $ (8 )   $ 599,241  
Reclass of unearned compensation upon adoption of SFAS 123R
                    (4,583 )     4,583                                        
Shares issued in 9.25% Offering
    5,697       570       20,208                                               20,778  
Stock-based compensation expense
                    3,368                                               3,368  
Shares cancelled for terminated employees
                    3                               28       (3 )      
Exercise of options to purchase common stock
    100       10       548                                               558  
Shares issued in non-vested stock award
    516       51       (51 )                                              
Comprehensive income, net of income taxes:
                                                                       
Net income
                                            62,596                       62,596  
Foreign currency translation
                                    (407 )                             (407 )
Net unrealized loss on securities on available-for-sale securities
                                    (195 )                             (195 )
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments
                                    2,411                               2,411  
                                                                         
Total comprehensive income
                                    1,809       62,596                       64,405  
                                                                         
Balance as of June 30, 2006
    147,559     $ 14,756     $ 613,679     $     $ 2,344     $ 57,582       108     $ (11 )   $ 688,350  
                                                                         
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
 
Note 1.   Organization and Basis of Presentation
 
Organization
 
Covanta Holding Corporation (“Covanta”) is a holding company that owns subsidiaries engaged in the businesses of waste and energy services, and insurance services. The predominant business is the waste and energy business which is comprised of Covanta Energy Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Covanta Energy”), which subsidiaries include Covanta ARC Holdings, Inc., formerly known as American Ref-Fuel Holdings Corp., and its subsidiaries (“ARC Holdings”), which Covanta Energy acquired on June 24, 2005 (the “Acquisition Date”). See Note 3. Acquisition of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (“Notes”).
 
Covanta Energy and its domestic subsidiaries develop, construct, own and operate for themselves and others infrastructure for the conversion of waste-to-energy, waste disposal, and independent power production businesses in the United States. Covanta Energy’s subsidiary, Covanta Power International Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“CPIH”), engage primarily in the independent power production business outside the United States. Covanta’s business segments are comprised of Waste and Energy Services, which is comprised of Covanta Energy’s domestic and international operations, and Other Services, which is comprised of the holding company and insurance subsidiaries’ operations.
 
Covanta also has investments in subsidiaries engaged in insurance operations in California. Covanta holds all of the voting stock of Danielson Indemnity Company (“DIND”). DIND owns 100% of the common stock of National American Insurance Company of California, Covanta’s principal operating insurance subsidiary. National American Insurance Company of California and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as “NAICC.” The operations of NAICC are in property and casualty insurance. NAICC writes non-standard private automobile insurance policies in California.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Covanta have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. As permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the financial statements contain certain condensed financial information and exclude certain footnote disclosures normally included in audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In presenting the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgments and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary to fairly present the accompanying financial statements. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Covanta and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Companies in which Covanta owns between 20-50% are typically accounted for using the equity method. Those companies in which Covanta owns less than 20% are accounted for using the cost method. Certain prior period amounts, including various revenues and expenses, have been reclassified in the condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 2.   New Accounting Pronouncements
 
On March 31, 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an exposure draft that would require recognition of the overfunded or underfunded positions of defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet. For an underfunded plan, the incremental liability to be recorded would be equal to the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions” (“SFAS 87”) and SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions” (“SFAS 106”) allow for deferred recognition of this liability through amortization of this difference over time. Under this exposure draft, actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs and credits that arise during the period but, pursuant to SFAS 87 and SFAS 106 are not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost, would be recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The exposure draft also requires an adjustment to the beginning balance of accumulated earnings, net of tax, for any transition obligation remaining from the initial application of SFAS 87 and SFAS 106. Such amounts would then not subsequently be amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. When a final pronouncement is released, Covanta will evaluate the impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). This interpretation increases the relevancy and comparability of financial reporting by clarifying the way companies account for uncertainty in income taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a consistent recognition threshold and measurement attribute, as well as clear criteria for subsequently recognizing, derecognizing and measuring such tax positions for financial statement purposes. The interpretation also requires expanded disclosure with respect to the uncertainty in income taxes. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. Covanta is evaluating the potential impact of this interpretation on its consolidated financial statements.
 
Note 3.   Acquisition
 
ARC Holdings
 
On June 24, 2005, Covanta, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Covanta Energy, purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of ARC Holdings’ capital stock. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, Covanta paid approximately $747 million in cash and transaction costs for the stock of ARC Holdings and assumed the consolidated net debt of ARC Holdings of $1.3 billion at June 24, 2005 ($1.5 billion of consolidated indebtedness and $0.2 billion of cash and restricted cash). The acquisition of ARC Holdings was financed by a combination of debt and equity described below. Immediately after the transaction was completed, ARC Holdings became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Covanta Energy.
 
As part of the ARC Holdings acquisition, Covanta Energy entered into credit arrangements which totaled approximately $1.1 billion and are guaranteed by Covanta and certain domestic subsidiaries of Covanta Energy. For details related to these financing arrangements, see Note 12. Changes in Capitalization. The proceeds from these credit arrangements were used to fund the acquisition of ARC Holdings, to refinance approximately $479 million of Covanta Energy’s existing recourse debt and letters of credit, and to pay related fees and expenses. The revolving credit and letter of credit facilities are further available for ongoing permitted expenditures and for general corporate purposes.
 
The equity component of the financing consisted of a $400 million offering of warrants to purchase Covanta’s common stock (the “ARC Holdings Rights Offering”). Such warrants entitled Covanta’s existing stockholders to purchase Covanta’s stock on a pro rata basis, with each holder entitled to purchase 0.9 shares of Covanta’s common stock at an exercise price of $6.00 for each share of Covanta’s common stock held as of May 27, 2005, the record date. Covanta received net proceeds of approximately $395.8 million ($400 million gross proceeds, net of $4.2 million of expenses) and issued 66,673,004 shares of common stock.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Three of Covanta’s largest stockholders, SZ Investments L.L.C. (together with its affiliate EGI-Fund (05-07) Investors, L.L.C. to which it transferred a portion of its shares, “SZ Investments”), Third Avenue Business Trust, on behalf of Third Avenue Value Fund Series (“Third Avenue”), and D. E. Shaw Laminar Portfolios, L.L.C. (“Laminar”), representing an aggregate ownership, at the time of the ARC Holdings Rights Offering, of approximately 40.4% of Covanta’s outstanding common stock, committed to participate in the ARC Holdings Rights Offering and acquired at least their pro rata portion of the shares. As consideration for their commitments, Covanta paid each of these stockholders an amount equal to 1.75% of their respective equity commitments, which in the aggregate was $2.8 million and was accounted for as a reduction of the ARC Holdings Rights Offering proceeds. See Note 17. Related-Party Transactions.
 
The purchase price was comprised of the following (in millions of dollars):
 
         
Cash
  $ 740.0  
Debt assumed
    1,494.0  
Direct transaction costs
    7.3  
Restructuring liability
    9.1  
         
    $ 2,250.4  
         
 
The purchase price included acquisition related restructuring charges of $9.1 million which were recorded as a liability and assumed in the ARC Holdings acquisition, and consisted primarily of severance and related benefits, and the costs of vacating duplicate facilities. As of June 30, 2006, the remaining restructuring liability was $4.8 million.
 
The following table summarizes the purchase price allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Acquisition Date in conformity with the SFAS No. 141 “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141”) and SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“SFAS 109”) (in thousands of dollars).
 
         
Current assets
  $ 233,659  
Property, plant and equipment
    1,982,847  
Intangible assets (excluding goodwill)
    287,421  
Goodwill
    217,548  
Other assets
    146,495  
         
Total assets acquired
  $ 2,867,970  
         
Current liabilities
  $ 76,258  
Current portion of long-term debt
    29,958  
Current portion of project debt
    64,344  
Long-term debt
    662,379  
Project debt
    737,385  
Deferred income taxes
    377,211  
Other liabilities
    170,029  
         
Total liabilities assumed
    2,117,564  
         
Minority interest acquired
    3,058  
         
Net assets acquired
  $ 747,348  
         
 
The acquired intangible assets of $287.4 million relate to favorable energy and waste contracts, landfill rights, other nonamortizing intangibles and a favorable leasehold interest with an approximate 10 year average useful life. As of June 30, 2006, goodwill was $217.5 million. As part of Covanta’s purchase price allocation during the quarter


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

ended June 30, 2006 for the ARC Holdings acquisition, goodwill was adjusted to reflect a $28.6 million reversal of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance as discussed in Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes. Goodwill also reflects an increase to the carrying value of property, plant and equipment of $9.5 million; an increase to the deferred tax liability of $6.9 million; a reduction to the liability of $27.4 million owed to one of the prior owners of ARC Holdings (See Note 10. Other Noncurrent Liabilities); an increase in an unfavorable waste contract of $12.1 million; and various other asset and liability adjustments of $8.1 million.
 
Pro Forma Results of Operations
 
The results of operations from ARC Holdings are included in Covanta’s consolidated results of operations from June 25, 2005. The following table sets forth certain pro forma unaudited consolidated operating results for 2005, as if the acquisition of ARC Holdings was consummated on the same terms at January 1, 2005 (in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts):
 
                 
    Three Months Ended
    Six Months Ended
 
Pro Forma
  June 30, 2005     June 30, 2005  
 
Total operating revenues
  $ 315,714     $ 604,223  
Net income
  $ 18,277     $ 23,373  
Basic earnings per share:
               
Weighted average shares outstanding
    140,160       139,900  
Earnings per share
  $ 0.13     $ 0.17  
Diluted earnings per share:
               
Weighted average shares outstanding
    145,825       145,622  
Earnings per share
  $ 0.13     $ 0.16  
 
Restructuring and Acquisition-Related Charges
 
In connection with the acquisition of ARC Holdings, Covanta Energy incurred integration costs of $1.8 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, primarily related to professional fees and employee incentive costs. These charges were included as part of the operating costs of the Waste and Energy Services segment.
 
Covanta Energy also incurred restructuring costs in 2005 of $2.7 million. The restructuring costs resulted from $2.1 million of severance payments to CPIH executives in connection with overhead reductions made possible by the elimination of CPIH’s separate capital structure during the second quarter of 2005. An additional $0.6 million was paid to remaining CPIH executives as incentive payments from existing contractual obligations relating to CPIH debt repayment in connection with the ARC Holdings acquisition.
 
Note 4.   Stock-Based Compensation
 
Effective January 1, 2006, Covanta adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payments” (“SFAS 123R”) using the modified prospective transition method and therefore has not restated results for prior periods. Under this transition method, stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 included compensation expense for stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of, December 31, 2005, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provision of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”). Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted after December 31, 2005 is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R.
 
Covanta recognized compensation expense based upon the number of stock options and restricted stock awards expected to vest, which was determined based on historical turnover experience of Covanta Energy


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

employees’ populations from the Covanta Energy pension plan. Covanta will review its forfeiture rate annually and revise its compensation expense, if necessary. Covanta recognizes these compensation costs using the graded vesting attribution method over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of three years.
 
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, Covanta recognized stock-based compensation expense in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”). In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (“SAB 107”) regarding the SEC’s interpretation of SFAS 123R and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. Covanta has applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123R.
 
The impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements, as a result of Covanta’s adoption of SFAS 123R compared to continued recognition of stock-based compensation under APB 25, was not material to income before income taxes and net income for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The impact on both basic and diluted earnings per share was less than $0.01 per share for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2006. The reductions that resulted from the adoption of SFAS 123R reflected the stock-based compensation expense associated with the unvested stock option awards. Stock-based compensation expense previously recognized in accordance with APB 25 for restricted stock awards, remained essentially unchanged under the provisions of SFAS 123R.
 
Covanta received $0.3 million and $0.6 million from the exercise of non-qualified stock options in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. The tax benefits related to the exercise of the non-qualified stock options and the vesting of the restricted stock award were not recognized in the first six months of 2006 due to Covanta’s net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”). When the NOLs have been fully utilized by Covanta, Covanta will recognize a tax benefit and an increase in additional paid-in capital for the excess tax deductions received on the non-qualified stock options and vested restricted stock. Future realization of the tax benefit will be presented in cash flows from financing activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in the period the tax benefit is recognized.
 
The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share as if Covanta had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure.” (in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts).
 
                 
    Three
    Six
 
    Months Ended
    Months Ended
 
    June 30, 2005     June 30, 2005  
 
Net income, as reported
  $ 5,917     $ 16,220  
Pro forma stock-based compensation expense
    (219 )     (1,406 )
                 
Pro forma net income
  $ 5,698     $ 14,814  
                 
Basic earnings per share:
               
As reported
  $ 0.06     $ 0.16  
Pro forma
  $ 0.05     $ 0.14  
Diluted earnings per share:
               
As reported
  $ 0.05     $ 0.15  
Pro forma
  $ 0.05     $ 0.13  
 
On March 17, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, under the equity award plan for employees, awarded certain employees 480,055 shares of restricted stock. The restricted stock awards will be expensed over the requisite service period, and assumes a five percent forfeiture rate. The terms of the restricted stock awards include vesting provisions based on two financial performance factors (applicable to 66% of the award) and continued service over the passage of time (applicable to 34% of the award). If all performance and service criteria are satisfied, the awards vest over 3 years, with 160,002 shares (33.33%) vesting on March 17, 2007,


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

160,002 shares (33.33%) vesting on March 17, 2008 and the remaining 160,051 shares (33.34%) vesting on March 17, 2009.
 
On May 31, 2006, in accordance with its existing program for annual director compensation, Covanta granted 36,000 shares of restricted stock under the Covanta Holding Corporation Equity Award Plan for Directors (the “Directors Plan”). The awards have a requisite service based vesting period as follows: 12,000 shares (33.33%) vested on May 31, 2006; 12,000 shares (33.33%) vesting on May 31, 2007; and 12,000 shares (33.34%) vesting on May 31, 2008. Covanta determined that the service vesting condition of the restricted stock awards granted to the directors on May 31, 2006 to be non-substantive and, in accordance with SFAS 123R, recorded the entire fair value of the award as compensation expense in the three months ended June 30, 2006. See Restricted Stock Awards below for further information.
 
Stock-Based Awards
 
Covanta adopted the Covanta Holding Corporation Equity Award Plan for Employees and Officers (the “Employees Plan”) and the Directors Plan (collectively, the “Award Plans”), effective with stockholder approval on October 5, 2004. On July 25, 2005, the Covanta Board of Directors approved and on September 19, 2005, Covanta’s stockholders approved the amendment to the Employees Plan to authorize the issuance of an additional 2,000,000 shares. The 1995 Stock and Incentive Plan (the “1995 Plan”) was terminated with respect to any future awards under such plan on October 5, 2004 upon stockholder approval of the Award Plans. The 1995 Plan will remain in effect until all awards have been satisfied or expired.
 
Restricted Stock Awards
 
Restricted stock awards that have been issued to employees and directors typically vest over a three year period. Restricted stock awards are stock-based awards for which the employee or director does not have a vested right to the stock (“nonvested”) until the requisite service period has been rendered and the required financial performance factor has been reached for each pre-determined vesting date. A percentage of each employee restricted stock awards granted have financial performance factors. Stock-based compensation expense for each financial performance factor is recognized beginning in the period when management has determined it is probable the financial performance factor will be achieved for the respective vesting period.
 
Restricted stock awards to employees are generally subject to forfeiture if the employee is not employed on the vesting date. Restricted stock awards issued to directors prior to 2006 were subject to the same forfeiture restrictions as are applicable to employees. Restricted stock awards issued to directors in 2006 are not subject to forfeiture in the event a director ceases to be a member of the Board of Directors, except in limited circumstances. Prior to vesting, restricted stock awards have all of the rights of common stock (other than the right to sell or otherwise transfer). The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the market price of Covanta’s common stock on the grant date of the award.
 
Changes in nonvested restricted stock awards during the six months ended June 30, 2006 were as follows:
 
                 
          Weighted-
 
          Average
 
    Number of
    Grant Date
 
    Shares     Fair Value  
 
Nonvested at December 31, 2005
    828,154     $ 9.88  
Granted
    516,055       16.92  
Vested
    (347,105 )     9.58  
Forfeited
    (27,954 )     11.92  
                 
Nonvested at June 30, 2006
    969,150     $ 13.68  
                 


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
As of June 30, 2006, there was $10.2 million unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. This expense is expected to be recognized over a period of up to three years. The total fair value of restricted stock awards expensed was $2.3 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively.
 
Stock Options
 
Covanta has also awarded stock options to certain employees and directors. Stock options awarded to directors vested immediately. Stock options awarded to employees typically vested annually over three years. Covanta had one nonvested stock option award outstanding as of December 31, 2005 which was granted in October 2004. The fair value of the options was based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: fair value option price — $5.68; risk-free interest rate — 4.25%; dividend yield — 0%; expected volatility (based on historical volatility) — 76%; and expected life — 8 years.
 
Option activity for all outstanding options, vested and nonvested, from January 1, 2006 through June 30, 2006 was as follows:
 
                                 
                Weighted-
       
          Weighted-
    Average
       
          Average
    Remaining
    Aggregate
 
          Exercise
    Contractual Life
    Intrinsic Value
 
    Shares     Price     (In years)     (In thousands)  
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2005
    1,243,208     $ 7.41                  
Granted
                           
Exercised
    (100,001 )     5.59                  
Forfeited and cancelled
    (28,667 )     7.43                  
                                 
Outstanding at June 30, 2006
    1,114,540       7.57       7.3     $ 11,235  
                                 
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2006
    1,081,140       7.57       7.3     $ 10,897  
                                 
Exercisable at June 30, 2006
    434,540     $ 7.93       5.9     $ 4,224  
                                 
 
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last trading day of the second quarter of 2006 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2006. The intrinsic value changes based on the fair market value of Covanta’s common stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was $1.1 million. The total fair value of options expensed was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively.
 
As of June 30, 2006, there was $1.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 5.   Earnings Per Share
 
Per share data is based on the weighted average outstanding number of shares of Covanta’s common stock, par value $0.10 per share, during the relevant period. Basic earnings per share are calculated using only the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock. Diluted earnings per share computations, as calculated under the treasury stock method, include the weighted average number of shares of additional outstanding common stock issuable for stock options, restricted stock, and rights whether or not currently exercisable. Diluted earnings per share for all the periods presented do not include shares related to stock options and rights if their effect was anti-dilutive (in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts).
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended
    Six Months Ended
 
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
 
Net income
  $ 51,178     $ 5,917     $ 62,596     $ 16,220  
                                 
Basic earnings per share:
                               
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding
    146,343       106,245       144,872       104,030  
                                 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.35     $ 0.06     $ 0.43     $ 0.16  
                                 
Diluted earnings per share:
                               
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding
    146,343       106,245       144,872       104,030  
Stock options
    519       754       539       828  
Restricted stock
    225       570       196       675  
Rights
          4,342       816       4,220  
                                 
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding
    147,087       111,911       146,423       109,753  
                                 
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.35     $ 0.05     $ 0.43     $ 0.15  
                                 
 
Basic and diluted earnings per share and the weighted average shares outstanding have been retroactively adjusted in 2005 to reflect the bonus element contained in the ARC Holdings Rights Offering that was consummated in June 2005. See Note 3. Acquisition of the Notes for information related to the ARC Holdings Rights Offering.
 
Note 6.   Pass Through Costs
 
Pass through costs are costs for which Covanta Energy receives a direct contractually committed reimbursement from the municipal client which sponsors a waste-to-energy project. These costs generally include utility charges, insurance premiums, ash residue transportation and disposal and certain chemical costs. These costs are recorded net of municipal client reimbursements in Covanta’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Total pass through costs were $13.7 million and $12.9 million for three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $28.4 million and $30.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 7.   Revenues and Unbilled Service Receivables
 
The following table summarizes the components of waste and service revenues for the periods presented below (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                 
    For the Three Months
    For the Six Months
 
    Ended June 30,     Ended June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
 
Waste and service revenues unrelated to project debt
  $ 186,871     $ 108,013     $ 351,545     $ 199,528  
Revenue earned explicitly to service project debt-principal
    17,274       15,511       34,548       27,538  
Revenue earned explicitly to service project debt-interest
    9,356       7,584       18,777       15,382  
                                 
Total waste and service revenues
  $ 213,501     $ 131,108     $ 404,870     $ 242,448  
                                 
 
Unbilled service receivables include fees related to the principal portion of debt service earned to service project debt principal where such fees are expressly included as a component of the service fee paid by the municipality pursuant to applicable waste-to-energy service agreements. Regardless of the timing of amounts paid by municipalities relating to project debt principal, Covanta Energy records service revenue with respect to this principal component on a levelized basis over the term of the service agreement. Long-term unbilled service receivables related to waste-to-energy operations are recorded at their discounted amounts.
 
Electricity and steam sales included lease income from the international business of $33.6 million and $25.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $61.3 million and $50.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
Note 8.  Equity in Net Income from Unconsolidated Investments
 
Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments was $14.7 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $21.5 million and $10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
The equity in net income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2006 includes approximately $7 million of cumulative deferred income tax benefits related to unrealized foreign exchange losses that are expected to be tax deductible for Philippine tax purposes in future years. Quezon Power, Inc. (“Quezon”) recorded this cumulative deferred income tax benefit in the period ended June 30, 2006 on the basis of rulings which were issued by the Philippine tax authorities in June 2006 clarifying the tax deductibility of such losses upon realization. The realization of this deferred tax benefit is subject to fluctuations in the value of the Philippine peso versus the US dollar.
 
Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments primarily relates to Covanta Energy’s 26% investment in Quezon. The unaudited results of operations from Quezon were as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                 
    Quezon  
    Three Months
    Six Months
 
    Ended June 30,     Ended June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
 
Revenue
  $ 64,667     $ 49,490     $ 132,573     $ 110,307  
Operating income
    21,505       17,418       50,063       43,769  
Net income
    43,336       8,390       63,316       25,948  


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 9.   Intangible Assets and Goodwill
 
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands of dollars):
 
                     
        As of  
        June 30,
    December 31,
 
    Useful Life   2006     2005  
 
Waste and energy contracts
   2 — 22 years   $ 388,378     $ 388,378  
Lease interest and other
  12 — 23 years     72,121       72,314  
Landfill
  7 years     17,985       17,985  
Other intangibles
  Indefinite     4,528       4,528  
                     
          483,012       483,205  
Accumulated amortization
        (74,310 )     (48,662 )
                     
Intangible assets, net
      $ 408,702     $ 434,543  
                     
 
Amortization expense related to waste and energy contracts and other intangible assets was $11.0 million and $5.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $24.1 million and $10.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The lease interest asset is amortized to rent expense in plant operating expenses and was $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The following table details the amount of the actual/estimated amortization expense associated with intangible assets as of June 30, 2006 included or expected to be included in Covanta’s statement of operations for each of the years indicated (in thousands of dollars):
 
                         
    Waste and
    Landfill, Lease
       
    Energy
    Interest and Other
       
    Contracts     Contracts     Totals  
 
Six Months ended June 30, 2006
  $ 22,570     $ 3,078     $ 25,648  
                         
2006 remaining
  $ 22,583     $ 2,574     $ 25,157  
2007
    44,854       5,145       49,999  
2008
    43,180       5,145       48,325  
2009
    39,635       5,145       44,780  
2010
    27,317       5,145       32,462  
Thereafter
    141,533       61,918       203,451  
                         
Total
  $ 319,102     $ 85,072     $ 404,174  
                         
 
Goodwill
 
In connection with the ARC Holdings acquisition, Covanta Energy recorded $217.5 million of goodwill in its purchase price allocation as of June 30, 2006. Goodwill represents the total consideration paid in excess of the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the ARC Holdings acquisition in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”
(“SFAS 142”). Goodwill has an indefinite life and is not amortized but will be reviewed under the provisions of SFAS 142 for impairment. Covanta will perform an annual fair value test of its recorded goodwill for its reporting units using a discounted cash flow approach as of October 1, 2006. Goodwill is not deductible for federal income tax purposes.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 10.   Other Noncurrent Liabilities
 
Other noncurrent liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands of dollars):
 
                 
    As of  
    June 30,
    December 31,
 
    2006     2005  
 
Waste and service contracts
  $ 141,580     $ 135,076  
Interest rate swap
    8,991       11,852  
Accrued pre-petition tax liabilities
    19,604       19,604  
Pension benefit obligation
    44,947       45,705  
Asset retirement obligation
    29,104       25,506  
Liability to prior ARC Holdings owner
          25,602  
Insurance loss and loss adjustment reserves
    41,877       46,868  
Service contract obligations
    11,724       8,718  
Other
    23,049       24,471  
                 
    $ 320,876     $ 343,402  
                 
 
As of June 25, 2005, ARC Holdings’ waste and service contracts were recorded at their fair market values, in accordance with SFAS 141, based upon discounted cash flows attributable to the “below market” portion of the waste and service contracts using currently available information.
 
Agreements between an ARC Holdings’ subsidiary and one of the prior owners of ARC Holdings have been terminated as of June 14, 2006. The liability related to these agreements has been adjusted to recognize the termination of the liability. See Note 3. Acquisition of the Notes for ARC Holdings purchase price allocation adjustment related to the termination of these agreements.
 
The following table details the amount of the actual/estimated amortization contra-expense associated with the below market waste and service contracts liability as of June 30, 2006 included or expected to be included in Covanta’s statements of operations for each of the years indicated (in thousands of dollars):
 
         
    Waste and
 
    Service
 
    Contracts  
 
Six Months ended June 30, 2006
  $ 5,635  
         
2006 remaining
  $ 5,973  
2007
    11,942  
2008
    11,955  
2009
    12,001  
2010
    12,094  
Thereafter
    87,615  
         
Total
  $ 141,580  
         


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 11.   Income Taxes
 
Covanta records its interim tax provision based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate and accounts for the tax effects of discrete events in the period in which they occur. Covanta currently estimates its annual effective tax rate for December 31, 2006 to be approximately 29.8%. Covanta reviews the annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis as projections are revised.
 
The current quarter tax rate includes the impact of the cumulative adjustment due to the adoption of the permanent reinvestment exception under APB Opinion No. 23, “Accounting for Income Taxes — Special Areas” (“APB 23”) as discussed below. The actual effective tax rate was 44.7% for December 31, 2005. The difference between the actual prior year rate and the current year estimate is primarily due to Covanta’s intention to reinvest foreign earnings in international investments and the impact of the cumulative adjustment due to the adoption of APB 23.
 
The effective income tax rate was 19.9% and 37.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Excluding the cumulative adjustment of $10 million due to APB 23, the effective income tax rate was 38.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
 
Beginning in the second quarter of 2006, Covanta adopted the permanent reinvestment exception under APB 23 whereby Covanta will no longer provide deferred taxes on the undistributed earnings of its international subsidiaries. Covanta intends to permanently reinvest its international earnings outside of the United States in its existing international operations and in any new international business it may develop or acquire. As a result of the adoption of APB 23, Covanta recognized a one-time benefit of $10 million during the three months ended June 30, 2006 associated with the reversal of deferred taxes accrued on unremitted earnings of international affiliates in prior periods.
 
Covanta files a federal consolidated income tax return with its eligible subsidiaries in the United States. Covanta’s federal consolidated tax return includes the results of ARC Holdings after June 24, 2005. Effective July 31, 2005, CPIH and its eligible United States and foreign subsidiaries were included in Covanta’s federal consolidated income tax return. Covanta’s subsidiary associated with its Lake County, Florida waste-to-energy project (“Covanta Lake”) is not a member of any consolidated return group.
 
Covanta’s federal consolidated income tax return also includes the taxable results of certain grantor trusts which were established by state insurance regulators in California and Missouri as part of the 1990 reorganization of certain of Covanta’s predecessor insurance entities (the “Mission Insurance Entities”) and their emergence from federal bankruptcy and various state insolvency court proceedings. These trusts were created for the purpose of assuming various liabilities associated with certain of the Mission Insurance Entities. This allowed the state regulators to administer the continuing run-off of the insolvent insurance business, while Covanta (then named Mission Insurance Group, Inc.) and the remaining Mission Insurance Entities were released, discharged and dismissed from the proceedings free of any claims and liabilities of any kind, including any obligation to provide further funding to the trusts. The Insurance Commissioner of the State of California (the “California Commissioner”) and the Director of the Division of Insurance of the State of Missouri (the “Missouri Director”), as the trustees, have sole management authority over the trusts. Neither Covanta nor any of its subsidiaries has any power to control or otherwise influence the management of the trusts nor do they have any rights with respect to the selection or replacement of the trustees. At the present time, it is not likely that Covanta or any of its subsidiaries will receive any distribution with regard to their residual interests in the existing trusts. Since Covanta does not have a controlling financial interest in these trusts and is not the primary beneficiary, the trusts are not consolidated with Covanta for financial statement purposes.
 
During or at the conclusion of the administration of these grantor trusts, taxable income could result which could utilize a portion of Covanta’s NOLs which in turn could accelerate the date on which Covanta may be otherwise obligated to pay cash taxes.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
In January 2006, Covanta executed agreements with the California Commissioner, who administers the majority of the grantor trusts, regarding the final administration and conclusion of such trusts. The agreements, which were approved by the California state court overseeing the Mission insolvency proceedings (the “Mission Court”), settle matters that had been in dispute regarding the historic rights and obligations relating to the conclusion of the grantor trusts. As part of the settlement, on April 28, 2006, the Mission Court determined the aggregate amount of certain claims against the grantor trusts which are entitled to distributions of Covanta’s common stock previously issued to the California Commissioner. The Mission Court also approved procedures by which Covanta will determine, in cooperation with the California Commissioner, a complete list of such claimants entitled to receive such shares, and thereafter the number of shares to be distributed to such claimants by the California Commissioner. In connection with these agreements and in order to facilitate the orderly conclusion of the grantor trust estates, the distribution of such stock and the settlement of the related disputes, Covanta paid an aggregate amount equal to approximately $9.14 million to the California Commissioner for distribution to the grantor trusts on May 2, 2006. While Covanta cannot predict with certainty what amounts, if any, may be includable in Covanta’s taxable income as a result of the final administration of the trusts, Covanta believes that these arrangements with the California Commissioner will result in no material reduction in available NOLs.
 
Covanta is in preliminary discussions with the Missouri Director regarding similar arrangements for distribution of Covanta common stock held by the Missouri Director to claimants of the Missouri grantor trusts. Because Covanta’s discussions with the Missouri Director are currently at a preliminary stage, Covanta is unable to determine at this time whether all claimants contemplated by the 1989 and 1990 agreement as eligible to receive such stock will receive a distribution from the Missouri Director. As a result of this uncertainty, Covanta has reduced the aggregate amount of its available NOLs by $46 million and reduced the valuation allowance accordingly. Covanta cannot provide any assurance that it will enter into similar arrangements with the Missouri Director or that the NOL reduction will ultimately be reversed. However, in connection with the administration or conclusion of the grantor trusts, Covanta does not expect either further reductions to its available NOLs or additional material amounts of taxable income to be recognized as a result of the administration or conclusion of the grantor trusts.
 
SFAS 109 requires the establishment of a valuation allowance when it is not “more likely than not” that an entity will realize its deferred tax assets. Pursuant to SFAS 109, Covanta makes periodic determinations of whether it is “more likely than not” that all or a portion of Covanta’s deferred tax assets will be realized. In making these determinations, Covanta considers all of the relevant factors, both positive and negative, which may impact its future taxable income including the size and operating results of its subsidiaries, the competitive environment in which these subsidiaries operate and the impact of the grantor trusts. The remainder of the valuation allowance associated with the NOLs was released during the quarter ended June 30, 2006, primarily due to Covanta’s determination that it is “more likely than not” that all remaining deferred tax assets associated with the NOLs will be realized.
 
If Covanta’s existing insurance business were to require capital infusions in order to meet certain regulatory capital requirements, and were Covanta to fail to provide such capital, some or all of its subsidiaries comprising the insurance business could enter insurance insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings. In such event, such subsidiaries may no longer be included in Covanta’s consolidated tax return and potentially, a significant portion of Covanta’s remaining NOLs would no longer be available to it. Such an event may also result in a significant inclusion of taxable income in Covanta’s federal consolidated tax return.
 
Covanta had NOLs estimated to be approximately $489 million for federal income tax purposes as of the end of 2005. The NOLs will expire in various amounts from December 31, 2006 through December 31, 2023, if not used.
 
If Covanta were to undergo an “ownership change,” as such term is used in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the use of its NOLs in any given year could be limited. The impacts, if any, to Covanta of any such limitation would depend upon factors such as the amount of Covanta’s taxable income in a given tax year, the date on which an “ownership change” were to occur, and Covanta’s market capitalization at the time of an “ownership change”.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Generally, Covanta will be treated as having had an “ownership change” if there is a more than 50% increase in stock ownership during a 3-year “testing period” by a “5% stockholder”. Covanta’s Certificate of Incorporation contains stock transfer restrictions that were designed to help preserve Covanta’s NOLs by avoiding an ownership change. Covanta cannot be certain, however, that these restrictions will prevent an ownership change. The transfer restrictions were implemented in 1990, and Covanta expects that they will remain in-force as long as the NOLs are material to Covanta or until the limitations on Covanta’s use of the NOLs that would otherwise result from such a change in control would not create material adverse consequences to Covanta.
 
Covanta’s provision for income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations also includes certain state and other taxes. Tax filings for these jurisdictions do not consolidate the activity of the grantor trusts referred to above and in certain states reflect preparation on a separate-company basis. For further information, reference is made to Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
Note 12.   Changes in Capitalization
 
Financing Arrangements
 
As part of the ARC Holdings acquisition on June 24, 2005, Covanta Energy entered into credit arrangements which totaled approximately $1.1 billion and are guaranteed by Covanta and certain domestic subsidiaries of Covanta Energy. These credit arrangements consisted of a first priority senior secured credit facility and a second priority senior secured credit facility. The first priority senior secured credit facility was initially comprised of a $275 million first lien term loan, a $100 million revolving credit facility, and a $340 million letter of credit facility. The second priority senior secured credit facility was initially a $400 million second lien term loan facility.
 
On March 21, 2006, Covanta Energy voluntarily reduced the letter of credit facility from $340 million to $320 million. On May 26, 2006, Covanta Energy entered into agreements which amended its credit arrangements. All material terms of Covanta Energy’s first priority senior secured credit facility and second priority senior secured credit facility remain unchanged except for the following:
 
  •  Interest rates applicable to the existing first lien term loan and to credit linked deposits applicable to its first lien funded letter of credit facility were reduced from LIBOR plus 3.00% to LIBOR plus 2.25%.
 
  •  The amount available for the issuance of letters of credit under the existing $100 million first lien revolving credit facility was increased from $75 million to $90 million.
 
  •  New term loan commitments were provided which allowed Covanta Energy to increase the principal amount outstanding under its first lien term loan facility by up to $140 million, the proceeds of which were to be used to prepay up to $140 million under the existing second lien term loan facility.
 
  •  Certain covenants restricting Covanta Energy’s ability to invest available cash and enter into limited recourse borrowings were modified to provide additional flexibility in the context of permitted acquisitions.
 
On June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy utilized the new term loan commitment of $140 million on its first lien term loan facility to prepay $140 million under the second lien term loan facility. Covanta Energy recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million which is classified as other expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and a write-off to interest expense of a portion of the second lien term loan facility deferred financing costs of $4.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2006 related to the $140 million prepayment under the second lien term loan facility.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Covanta Energy Long-Term Debt
 
Long-term debt is comprised of credit facilities and intermediate debt as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                 
    As of
    As of
 
    June 30,
    December 31,
 
    2006     2005  
 
Covanta Energy Senior Secured Credit Facilities
               
First Lien Term Loan Facility
  $ 369,312     $ 229,312  
Second Lien Term Loan Facility
    260,000       400,000  
                 
      629,312       629,312  
                 
Intermediate Subsidiary Debt
               
6.26% Senior Notes due 2015
    211,600       234,000  
8.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2010
    195,785       195,785  
7.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2010
    224,100       224,100  
                 
      631,485       653,885  
Unamortized debt premium
    22,215       24,726  
                 
Total intermediate subsidiary debt
    653,700       678,611  
                 
Other long-term debt
    135       196  
                 
Total long-term debt
    1,283,147       1,308,119  
Less: current portion (includes $4,902 and $4,807 of unamortized premium)
    (36,411 )     (47,549 )
                 
Total long-term debt
  $ 1,246,736     $ 1,260,570  
                 
 
Amortization Terms
 
The amended first lien term loan facility includes mandatory annual amortization to be paid in quarterly installments beginning September 30, 2006, through the date of maturity as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
         
    Annual Remaining
 
    Amortization  
 
2006
  $ 1,847  
2007
    3,693  
2008
    3,693  
2009
    3,693  
2010
    3,693  
2011
    177,270  
2012
    175,423  
         
Total
  $ 369,312  
         
 
The second lien term loan facility has no mandatory amortization requirements and is required to be repaid in full on its maturity date in 2013.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Covanta Energy Short-Term Liquidity
 
Covanta Energy had available credit for liquidity as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                         
    Total
          Available
 
    Available
          As of
 
    Under Facility     Maturing     June 30, 2006  
 
Revolving credit facility(1)
  $ 100,000       2011     $ 100,000  
Funded letter of credit facility
  $ 320,000       2012     $ 30,545  
 
 
(1) Up to $90 million of which may be utilized for letters of credit.
 
As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy had neither drawn on the revolving credit facility nor caused to be issued any letters of credit under the revolving credit facility. On March 21, 2006, Covanta’s availability under the funded letter of credit facility was voluntarily reduced to $320 million from $340 million. As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy had $289.5 million outstanding letters of credit under the funded letter of credit facility.
 
Debt Covenants and Defaults
 
The loan documentation under the credit facilities, as amended, contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and financial covenants. During the term of the credit facilities, Covanta expects that the negative covenants will restrict the ability of Covanta Energy and its subsidiaries to take specified actions, subject to exceptions. As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy was in compliance with covenants under the credit facilities.
 
Interest and Fee Terms
 
Under the amended credit facilities, the borrowing margins for first lien term loan facility and the funded letter of credit facility are 2.25% for Eurodollar rate loans and 1.25% for base rate loans. The borrowing margins under the second lien term loan facility are 5.50% for Eurodollar rate loans and 4.50% for base rate loans. The borrowing margins for the revolving credit facility remain unchanged from the existing agreements.
 
Stockholders’ Equity
 
Covanta agreed as part of the Covanta Energy acquisition to conduct a rights offering for up to 3.0 million shares of its common stock to certain holders of 9.25% debentures issued by Covanta Energy prior to its bankruptcy at a purchase price of $1.53 per share (the “9.25% Offering”). Because of the possibility that the 9.25% Offering could not be completed prior to the completion of the ARC Holdings acquisition, and the related ARC Holdings Rights Offering, Covanta restructured the 9.25% Offering so that the holders that participated in the 9.25% Offering were offered the right to purchase an additional 2.7 million shares of Covanta’s common stock at the same purchase price ($6.00 per share) as in the ARC Holdings Rights Offering. This represented an equivalent number of shares of common stock that such holders would have been entitled to purchase in the ARC Holdings Rights Offering if the 9.25% Offering was consummated on or prior to the record date for the ARC Holdings Rights Offering. On February 24, 2006, Covanta completed the 9.25% Offering in which 5,696,911 shares were issued in consideration for $20.8 million in net proceeds.
 
Effective as of March 17, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the award of 480,055 shares of restricted stock to certain employees under the Employee Plan. On May 31, 2006, Covanta granted 36,000 shares of restricted stock under the Directors Plan. See Note 4. Stock-Based Compensation of the Notes.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 13.   Business Segments
 
Covanta has two reportable business segments — Waste and Energy Services and Other Services. Certain prior period amounts, such as parent investment income, have been reclassified in the condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.
 
Within the Waste and Energy Services segment, Covanta develops, constructs, owns and operates for others key infrastructure for the disposal of waste (primarily waste-to-energy) and independent power production facilities in the United States and abroad. Covanta also has one water treatment facility in this segment. The Other Services segment is comprised of Covanta’s insurance business, which writes property and casualty insurance in California, and the parent company of Covanta which primarily receives income from its investments.
 
Segment results are shown below (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                 
    Three Months Ended
    Six Months Ended
 
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
 
Operating Revenues:
                               
Waste and Energy Services
                               
Domestic
  $ 286,021     $ 158,933     $ 548,592     $ 293,782  
International
    44,600       36,323       83,445       72,292  
                                 
Subtotal Waste and Energy Services
    330,621       195,256       632,037       366,074  
Other Services
    3,515       3,836       7,455       7,837  
                                 
Total operating revenues
  $ 334,136     $ 199,092     $ 639,492     $ 373,911  
                                 
Operating Income:
                               
Waste and Energy Services
                               
Domestic
  $ 68,691     $ 25,776     $ 98,480     $ 34,162  
International
    7,915       2,830       13,443       8,146  
                                 
Subtotal Waste and Energy Services
    76,606       28,606       111,923       42,308  
Other Services
    82       208       283       365  
                                 
Total operating income
    76,688       28,814       112,206       42,673  
Other income (expense):
                               
Investment income
    2,915       994       5,318       1,873  
Interest expense
    (31,814 )     (18,031 )     (60,297 )     (28,352 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    (2,342 )           (2,342 )      
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, unexercised ACL warrants
          500             4,218  
                                 
Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
  $ 45,447     $ 12,277     $ 54,885     $ 20,412  
                                 


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
Note 14.   Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefits
 
Net periodic defined pension and other post-retirement benefit expense for Covanta Energy were as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                                                 
    Pension
    Other Post-Retirement
 
    Benefits(A)     Benefits  
    For the Three
    For the Six
    For the Three
    For the Six
 
    Months Ended
    Months Ended
    Months Ended
    Months Ended
 
    June 30,     June 30,     June 30,     June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005  
 
Service cost
  $     $ 1,806     $     $ 3,612     $     $     $     $  
Interest cost
    1,075       998       2,150       1,995       155       164       309       328  
Expected return on plan assets
    (922 )     (754 )     (1,844 )     (1,508 )                        
Amortization of net gain
    (16 )           (32 )                              
                                                                 
Net periodic benefit cost
  $ 137     $ 2,050     $ 274     $ 4,099     $ 155     $ 164     $ 309     $ 328  
                                                                 
 
 
(A) Effective December 31, 2005, Covanta Energy froze the defined benefit pension plan.
 
Effective December 31, 2005, Covanta Energy froze the Covanta Energy Pension Plan (the defined benefit pension plans for domestic employees). All active employees who were eligible participants in the defined benefit pension plan as of December 31, 2005, were 100% vested and had a non-forfeitable right to these benefits as of such date. Effective January 1, 2006, in connection with freezing its defined benefit pension plans for domestic employees, Covanta Energy enhanced the Covanta Energy Savings Plan (the defined contribution plan for domestic employees) by increasing its contribution toward the savings plan. Covanta Energy’s costs related to these savings plans were $2.6 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $5.8 million and $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
Note 15.   Financial Instruments
 
ACL Warrants
 
On January 12, 2005, two subsidiaries of Covanta received warrants to purchase 168,230 shares of common stock of American Commercial Lines LLC (“ACL”) at $12.00 per share. The number of shares and exercise price subject to the warrants were subsequently adjusted to 672,920 shares at an exercise price of $3.00 per share, as a result of a four for one stock split effective as of August 2005. The warrants were given by certain of the former creditors of ACL under the ACL plan of reorganization. Covanta’s investment in ACL was written down to zero in 2003.
 
Covanta recorded the warrants as a derivative security in accordance with SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 133”). Covanta recorded the warrants at their aggregate fair value of $0.8 million on the grant date and marked the warrants to their fair value of $4.5 million as of March 31, 2005. The mark to market adjustment at June 30, 2005 was an increase to the investment in ACL warrants to $5.0 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and a corresponding pre-tax gain on derivative instruments of $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2005. In October 2005, Covanta converted the ACL warrants into shares of ACL’s common stock and sold the shares.
 
Interest Rate Swaps
 
Under its credit arrangements, Covanta Energy is required to enter into hedging arrangements for a portion of its exposure to interest rate changes with respect to its borrowings under the credit facilities. On July 8, 2005, Covanta Energy entered into two separate pay fixed, receive floating interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $300 million. On March 21, 2006, Covanta entered into one additional pay fixed, receive


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

floating interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $37.5 million. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with SFAS 133. Accordingly, unrealized gains or losses will be deferred in other comprehensive income until the hedged cash flows affect earnings. The impact of the swaps was to decrease interest expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2006 by $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2006, the net after-tax deferred gain in other comprehensive income was $4.6 million ($6.8 million before income taxes) which was recorded in other assets.
 
Note 16.   Commitments and Contingencies
 
Covanta and/or its subsidiaries are party to a number of claims, lawsuits and pending actions, most of which are routine and all of which are incidental to its business. Covanta assesses the likelihood of potential losses on an ongoing basis and when losses are considered probable and reasonably estimable, records as a loss an estimate of the ultimate outcome. If Covanta can only estimate the range of a possible loss, an amount representing the low end of the range of possible outcomes is recorded. The final consequences of these proceedings are not presently determinable with certainty.
 
Covanta Energy Corporation
 
Generally, claims and lawsuits against Covanta Energy and its subsidiaries that had filed bankruptcy petitions and subsequently emerged from bankruptcy arising from events occurring prior to their respective petition dates, have been resolved pursuant to the Covanta Energy Reorganization Plan, and have been discharged pursuant to orders of the Bankruptcy Court which confirmed the Covanta Energy Reorganization Plan or similar plans of subsidiaries emerging separately from Chapter 11. However, to the extent that claims are not dischargeable in bankruptcy, such claims may not be discharged. For example, the claims of certain persons who were personally injured prior to the petition date but whose injury only became manifest thereafter may not be discharged pursuant to the Covanta Energy Reorganization Plan.
 
Environmental Matters
 
Covanta Energy’s operations are subject to environmental regulatory laws and environmental remediation laws. Although Covanta Energy’s operations are occasionally subject to proceedings and orders pertaining to emissions into the environment and other environmental violations, which may result in fines, penalties, damages or other sanctions, Covanta believes that Covanta Energy is in substantial compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations.
 
Covanta Energy may be identified, along with other entities, as being among parties potentially responsible for contribution to costs associated with the correction and remediation of environmental conditions at disposal sites subject to federal and/or analogous state laws. In certain instances, Covanta Energy may be exposed to joint and several liabilities for remedial action or damages. Covanta Energy’s ultimate liability in connection with such environmental claims will depend on many factors, including its volumetric share of waste, the total cost of remediation, and the financial viability of other companies that also sent waste to a given site and, in the case of divested operations, its contractual arrangement with the purchaser of such operations. Generally such claims arising prior to the first petition date were resolved in and discharged by Covanta Energy’s Chapter 11 cases.
 
The potential costs related to the matters described below and the possible impact on future operations are uncertain due in part to the complexity of governmental laws and regulations and their interpretations, the varying costs and effectiveness of cleanup technologies, the uncertain level of insurance or other types of recovery and the questionable level of Covanta Energy’s responsibility. Although the ultimate outcome and expense of any litigation, including environmental remediation, is uncertain, Covanta Energy believes that the following proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on Covanta Energy’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 
In June 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) named Covanta Energy’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Covanta Haverhill, Inc. (“Haverhill”), as one of 2,000 potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) at the Beede Waste Oil Superfund Site, Plaistow, New Hampshire (“Beede site”), a former waste oil recycling facility. The total quantity of waste oil alleged by EPA to have been disposed at the Beede site is approximately 14.3 million gallons. Haverhill is alleged to have disposed of approximately 44,000 gallons of waste oil at the Beede site. On January 9, 2004, the EPA signed its Record of Decision (“ROD”) with respect to cleanup of the Beede site. The estimated cost to implement the remedial alternative selected in the ROD is $48 million, exclusive of reimbursement of past costs incurred by the EPA and the State of New Hampshire. On June 20, 2006, EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order (“UAO”) to a group of PRPs, including Haverhill, with respect to implementation of the Beede site cleanup. Haverhill’s ultimate liability in this matter cannot be determined at this time as a result of uncertainties regarding the source and scope of contamination, the large number of PRPs, the varying degrees of responsibility among various classes of PRPs and uncertainty as to the actions or positions that may be taken by other PRPs with respect to the UAO in the event that a settlement with EPA cannot be reached. Covanta currently believes that based on the amount of waste oil Haverhill is alleged to have sent to the Beede site in comparison to other respondent PRPs, its ultimate liability will not be material to its financial position and results of operations.
 
By letters dated August 13, 2004 and May 3, 2005, the EPA notified Covanta Essex Company (“Essex” and formerly named American Ref-Fuel Company of Essex County) that it was potentially liable under CERCLA Section 107(a) for response actions in the Lower Passaic River Study Area, referred to as “LPRSA”, a 17 mile stretch of river in northern New Jersey. Essex is one of at least 52 PRPs named thus far have joined the cooperating PRP group. The EPA alleges that hazardous substances found in the LPRSA were being released from the Essex site, which abuts the river. The EPA’s notice letters state that Essex may be liable for costs related to a proposed $10 million study of the Lower Passaic River, for certain past costs incurred by the EPA totaling approximately $2.8 million, and for unspecified natural resource damages. Considering the history of industrial and other discharges into the LPRSA from other sources, including named PRPs, Essex believes any releases from its site to be de minimis in comparison; however, it is not possible at this time to predict that outcome with certainty or to estimate Essex’s ultimate liability in the matter, including for natural resource damages. Given the uncertainty, Essex has entered an arrangement with the EPA and the cooperating PRP group to settle the potential liability Essex might have for the $2.8 million in past costs incurred by the EPA, by contributing $0.25 million to the cost of the study and by sharing in certain past and ongoing legal fees and other costs of the cooperating PRP group.
 
Other Commitments
 
Covanta Energy’s other commitments as of June 30, 2006 were as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                         
    Commitments Expiring by Period  
          Less Than
    More Than
 
    Total     One Year     One Year  
 
Letters of credit
  $ 293,175     $ 19,827     $ 273,348  
Surety bonds
    51,651       49,475       2,176  
                         
Total other commitments — net
  $ 344,826     $ 69,302     $ 275,524  
                         
 
The letters of credit were issued pursuant to the facilities to secure Covanta Energy’s performance under various contractual undertakings related to its domestic and international projects, or to secure obligations under its insurance program. Each letter of credit relating to a project is required to be maintained in effect for the period specified in related project contracts, and generally may be drawn if it is not renewed prior to expiration of that period.
 
As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy had approximately $30.5 million in available capacity for additional letters of credit under its funded letter of credit facility and $90 million available capacity for letters of credit under its revolving credit facility. Covanta Energy believes that it will be able to fully perform its contracts to which these


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

existing letters of credit relate, and that it is unlikely that letters of credit would be drawn because of a default of its performance obligations. If any of Covanta Energy’s letters of credit were to be drawn under its current debt facilities, the amount drawn would be immediately repayable to the issuing bank. If Covanta Energy were unable to immediately repay such amounts drawn under letters of credit, unreimbursed amounts would be treated under the credit facilities as additional term loans.
 
The surety bonds listed on the table above relate primarily to performance obligations under contracts ($42 million) and possible closure costs for various energy projects when such projects cease operating ($9.6 million). Were these bonds to be drawn upon, Covanta Energy would have a contractual obligation to indemnify the surety company.
 
Covanta Energy and certain of its subsidiaries have issued or are party to performance guarantees and related contractual support obligations undertaken mainly pursuant to agreements to construct and operate certain waste-to-energy facilities and a water facility. With respect to its domestic businesses, Covanta Energy and certain of its subsidiaries have issued guarantees to municipal clients and other parties that Covanta Energy’s subsidiaries will perform in accordance with contractual terms, including, where required, the payment of damages or other obligations. Such contractual damages or other obligations could be material, and in circumstances where one or more subsidiary’s contract has been terminated for its default, such damages could include amounts sufficient to repay project debt. For facilities owned by municipal clients and operated by Covanta Energy, Covanta Energy’s potential maximum liability as of June 30, 2006 associated with the repayment of the municipalities’ project debt on such facilities was in excess of $1 billion. This amount was not recorded as a liability in Covanta Energy’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2006 as Covanta Energy believes that it had not incurred such liability at the date of the financial statements. Additionally, damages payable under such guarantees on Covanta Energy-owned waste-to-energy facilities could expose Covanta Energy to recourse liability on project debt. Covanta Energy also believes that it has not incurred such liabilities at the date of the financial statements. If Covanta Energy is asked to perform under one or more of such guarantees, its liability for damages upon contract termination would be reduced by funds held in trust and proceeds from sales of the facilities securing the project debt, which is presently not estimable.
 
With respect to its international businesses, Covanta Energy has issued guarantees on behalf of certain of CPIH’s operating subsidiaries with respect to contractual obligations to operate independent power projects. The potential damages owed under such arrangements for international projects may be material.
 
Depending upon the circumstances giving rise to such domestic and international damages, the contractual terms of the applicable contracts, and the contract counterparty’s choice of remedy at the time a claim against a guarantee is made, the amounts owed pursuant to one or more of such guarantees could be greater than Covanta Energy’s then-available sources of funds. To date, Covanta Energy has not incurred material liabilities under its guarantees, either on domestic or international projects.
 
Note 17.   Related-Party Transactions
 
As described in Note 8. Equity in Net Income from Unconsolidated Investments of the Notes, Covanta Energy holds a 26% investment in Quezon. Covanta Energy and Quezon are both party to an agreement in which Covanta Energy assumed responsibility for the operation and maintenance of Quezon’s coal-fired electricity generation facility. For the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, Covanta Energy collected $7.8 million and $9.7 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, Covanta Energy collected $16.9 million and $14.6 million, respectively, for the operation and maintenance of the facility. As of June 30, 2006, the net amount due to Quezon was $1.9 million and as of December 31, 2005, the net amount due from Quezon was $0.1 million.
 
ACL was an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Covanta prior to ACL’s bankruptcy proceedings. At that same time, SZ Investment’s equity ownership in Covanta was approximately 18%. SZ Investments is affiliated with


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COVANTA HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Concluded)

Samuel Zell, Covanta’s current Chairman of the Board of Directors and William Pate, the former Chairman of Covanta’s Board and a current Director. Another affiliate of SZ Investments, HY I Investments, LLC, was a holder of approximately 42% of ACL’s Senior Notes and PIK Notes. The holders of ACL’s Senior Notes were among the class of grantors of the warrants to subsidiaries of Covanta.
 
SZ Investments, Third Avenue and Laminar, representing current aggregate ownership of approximately 40.1% of Covanta’s outstanding common stock, each agreed to and participated in the ARC Holdings Rights Offering and acquired at least their respective pro rata portion of the shares. As consideration for their commitments, Covanta paid each of these stockholders an amount equal to 1.75% of their respective equity commitments, which in the aggregate was $2.8 million. Covanta also agreed to amend an existing registration rights agreement to provide these stockholders with the right to demand that Covanta undertake an underwritten offering within twelve months of the closing of the acquisition of ARC Holdings in order to provide such stockholders with liquidity. None of such stockholders exercised such right prior to the expiration of such period.
 
Covanta agreed as part of the Covanta Energy acquisition to conduct the 9.25% Offering and because of the possibility that the 9.25% Offering could not be completed prior to the completion of the ARC Holdings Rights Offering, Covanta restructured the 9.25% Offering to offer an additional 2.7 million shares of Covanta’s common stock at the same purchase price as in the ARC Holdings Rights Offering. On February 24, 2006, Covanta completed the 9.25% Offering in which 5,696,911 shares were issued in consideration for $20.8 million in gross proceeds, including 633,380 shares purchased by Laminar pursuant to the exercise of rights held by Laminar as a holder of 9.25% debentures.


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ITEM 2.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion addresses the financial condition of Covanta Holding Corporation (“Covanta”) as of June 30, 2006 and its results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, compared with the same periods last year. It should be read in conjunction with Covanta’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2005 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Covanta’s 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the interim unaudited financial statements and notes included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2006, to which the reader is directed for additional information.
 
The preparation of interim financial statements necessarily relies heavily on estimates. Due to the use of estimates and certain other factors, such as the seasonal nature of Covanta’s waste and energy business, as well as competitive and other market conditions, Covanta does not believe that interim results of operations are indicative of full year results of operations. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classification of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
 
OVERVIEW
 
Covanta is organized as a holding company with substantially all of its current consolidated operations conducted in the waste and energy services business through its wholly-owned subsidiary Covanta Energy Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Covanta Energy”), including Covanta ARC Holdings, Inc. (“ARC Holdings”), which was acquired on June 24, 2005.
 
On June 24, 2005, Covanta acquired, through Covanta Energy, 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of ARC Holdings. ARC Holdings and its subsidiaries operate six waste-to-energy facilities located in the northeastern United States and TransRiver Marketing Company, L.P. (“TransRiver”), a waste procurement company. Immediately upon closing of the acquisition, ARC Holdings became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Covanta Energy, and Covanta Energy assumed control of the management and operations of the ARC Holdings facilities. ARC Holdings’ results of operations were consolidated into Covanta beginning on June 25, 2005. See Note 3. Acquisition of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (“Notes”). The acquisition of ARC Holdings provided Covanta Energy with the opportunity to achieve efficiencies and economies of scale by combining its businesses with those of ARC Holdings and the opportunity to refinance its recourse debt and thereby lower its cost of capital and obtain less restrictive covenants in the credit agreements.
 
The consolidated performance of Covanta in 2006 and 2005 has predominantly reflected, and the continued future performance of Covanta will predominantly reflect, the performance of its waste and energy services operations which are significantly larger than its insurance operations. Accordingly, Covanta’s financial performance prior to June 25, 2005 is not comparable with its financial performance subsequent to that date, as Covanta Energy’s performance has been materially affected by the ARC Holdings acquisition. Readers are directed to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Covanta’s waste and energy services business below for a discussion of management’s perspective on important factors of operating and financial performance.
 
On May 26, 2006, Covanta Energy completed the repricing of its first lien term loan and first lien funded letter of credit facilities, reducing interest rates on these facilities by 0.75%. Covanta Energy also received commitments to increase its first lien term loan by $140 million, the proceeds of which were used to pay down a portion of its higher-priced second lien term loan facility. On June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy reduced the second lien term loan facility from $400 million to $260 million, and paid a required call premium of 2%. At the same time, the amount outstanding under the first lien term loan facility was increased from $229 million to $369 million. Covanta Energy’s first lien funded letter of credit and revolving credit facilities remained unchanged at $320 million and $100 million respectively. The available letters of credit under the revolving credit facility was increased to $90 million from $75 million. Management estimates that the repricing will generate pre-tax cash savings through reduced interest expense of approximately $8 million per year beginning in 2007. Covanta expects that the cash


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savings in 2006 will be substantially less due to the related transaction costs and call premium that was required to be paid.
 
Covanta’s management is focused on:
 
  •  providing its customers with superior service by operating its existing businesses to historic high standards;
 
  •  generating sufficient cash to meet its liquidity needs;
 
  •  paying down Covanta Energy’s debt, as well as project and intermediate holding company debt, with a stated goal of paying down $700 million in debt (at all levels) between 2005 and the end of 2007; and
 
  •  investing in and growing its business in order to create additional value for shareholders.
 
Maintaining historic facility production levels while effectively managing operating and maintenance expense is important to optimize Covanta Energy’s long-term cash generation. Covanta Energy does not expect to receive any cash contributions from Covanta except in conjunction with certain acquisitions permitted under its principal financing arrangements, and is prohibited under such financing arrangements from using its cash to issue dividends to Covanta except in limited circumstances. For expanded discussions of liquidity, see Liquidity and Capital Resources below.
 
Covanta’s liquidity is enhanced by the existence of net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”), which predominantly arose from predecessor insurance entities of Covanta (formerly named Mission Insurance Group, Inc.), which have been in state insolvency proceedings in California and Missouri since the late 1980’s. As described below, certain grantor trusts associated with these predecessor insurance entities (and the taxable income and loss they generate) continue to be included in Covanta’s consolidated tax group. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has not audited any of Covanta’s tax returns relating to the years during which the NOLs were generated. It is possible that the IRS could undertake an audit of Covanta’s tax returns for such years, as well as subsequent years during which taxable income or loss of such grantor trusts (and the taxable income and loss they generate) will continue to be included in Covanta’s consolidated tax group.
 
The ability of Covanta to utilize its NOLs to offset taxable income generated by operations in its Waste and Energy Services segment could have a material effect on Covanta’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. Covanta had NOLs estimated to be $489 million for federal income tax purposes as of December 31, 2005. The NOLs will expire in various amounts from December 31, 2006 through December 31, 2023, if not used. The amount of NOLs available to Covanta Energy will be reduced by any taxable income generated by current members of Covanta’s consolidated tax group, which include the grantor trusts described above. During or at the conclusion of the administration of these grantor trusts by state insurance regulatory agencies, taxable income could result which could utilize a portion of Covanta’s NOLs, which in turn could accelerate the date on which Covanta may be otherwise obligated to pay cash taxes.
 
Pursuant to existing agreements entered into in 1989 and 1990 at the inception of the Mission Insurance entities’ reorganization, certain persons holding claims against the grantor trusts would be entitled to receive shares of Covanta’s common stock as a distribution. In connection with entering into those agreements, Covanta issued an aggregate of 1,572,625 shares of Covanta common stock to the California Commissioner of Insurance (the “California Commissioner”), who administers the majority of the grantor trusts, and 154,756 shares to the Director of the Division of Insurance of the State of Missouri (the “Missouri Director”), who administers the remaining grantor trusts.
 
In January 2006, Covanta executed agreements with the California Commissioner, who administers the majority of the grantor trusts, regarding the final administration and conclusion of such trusts. The agreements, which were approved by the California state court overseeing the Mission insolvency proceedings (the “Mission Court”), settle matters that had been in dispute regarding the historic rights and obligations relating to the conclusion of the grantor trusts. As part of the settlement, on April 28, 2006, the Mission Court determined the aggregate amount of certain claims against the grantor trusts which are entitled to distributions of Covanta’s common stock previously issued to the California Commissioner. The Mission Court also approved procedures by which Covanta will determine, in cooperation with the California Commissioner, a complete list of such claimants entitled to receive such shares, and thereafter the number of shares to be distributed to such claimants by the


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California Commissioner. In connection with these agreements and in order to facilitate the orderly conclusion of the grantor trust estates, the distribution of such stock and the settlement of the related disputes, Covanta paid an aggregate amount equal to approximately $9.14 million to the California Commissioner for distribution to the grantor trusts on May 2, 2006. While Covanta cannot predict with certainty what amounts, if any, may be includable in Covanta’s taxable income as a result of the final administration of the trusts, Covanta believes that these arrangements with the California Commissioner will result in no material reduction in available NOLs.
 
Covanta is in preliminary discussions with the Missouri Director regarding similar arrangements for distribution of Covanta common stock held by the Missouri Director to claimants of the Missouri grantor trusts. As described in Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes, there is uncertainty as to whether all eligible claimants will receive distributions of shares of Covanta common stock from the Missouri Director. As a result of this uncertainty, Covanta has reduced the aggregate amount of its available NOLs by $46 million and reduced the valuation allowance accordingly. However, in connection with the administration or conclusion of the grantor trusts, Covanta does not expect either further reductions to its available NOLs or additional material amounts of taxable income to be recognized as a result of the conclusion of either the California or Missouri grantor trusts.
 
For additional detail relating to Covanta’s NOLs and risks attendant thereto, see Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 1A. — Risk Factors in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
Covanta’s results of operations were favorably affected in the second quarter of 2006 by two significant cumulative adjustments for tax items related to its international business. First, consistent with Covanta’s strategy to build upon and expand its international business, Covanta intends to permanently reinvest its international earnings outside of the United States in its existing international operations and in any new international business it may develop or acquire. Accordingly, beginning in the second quarter of 2006, Covanta adopted the permanent reinvestment exception under APB 23 and recognized a benefit of $10 million in the second quarter of 2006 associated with the reversal of deferred taxes accrued on unremitted earnings of international affiliates in prior periods. See Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes for a more complete discussion of the future impact on the undistributed earnings of Covanta’s international business. Second, on the basis of rulings which were issued by the Philippine tax authorities in June 2006 clarifying the tax deductibility of unrealized foreign exchange losses upon realization, through its equity interest in Quezon Power, Inc. (“Quezon”), Covanta recognized approximately $7 million in equity in net income in the second quarter of 2006. This amount reflected the cumulative deferred income tax benefits related to unrealized foreign exchange losses incurred in prior periods that are expected to be tax deductible for Philippine tax purposes in future years. Management does not expect to recognize similar cumulative benefits related specifically to these two adjustments in future periods.
 
Covanta’s Business Segments
 
Covanta has two reportable business segments — Waste and Energy Services and Other Services.
 
Waste and Energy Services
 
The Waste and Energy Services segment includes Covanta Energy’s domestic and international businesses. Covanta Energy’s subsidiary Covanta Power International Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“CPIH”) engage primarily in the independent power production business outside the United States.
 
For all waste-to-energy projects, Covanta Energy receives revenue from two primary sources: fees it charges for operating projects or processing waste received and payments for electricity and steam sales. Covanta Energy also operates, and in some cases has ownership interests in, transfer stations and landfills which generate revenue from waste disposal fees or operating fees. In addition, Covanta Energy owns and in some cases operates other renewable energy projects in the United States which generate electricity from wood waste, landfill gas, and hydroelectric resources. The electricity from these projects is sold to utilities. For these projects, Covanta Energy receives revenue from electricity sales, and in some cases cash from equity distributions.
 
Through CPIH, Covanta Energy also has ownership interests in, and/or operates, independent power production facilities in the Philippines, China, Bangladesh, India, and Costa Rica, and one waste-to-energy facility


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in Italy. The Costa Rica facilities generate electricity from hydroelectric resources while the other independent power production facilities generate electricity and steam by combusting coal, natural gas, or heavy fuel oil. For these projects, CPIH receives revenue from operating fees, electricity and steam sales, and in some cases cash from equity distributions.
 
Contract Structures
 
Covanta Energy has 23 waste-to-energy projects at which it charges a fixed fee (which escalates over time pursuant to contractual indices Covanta Energy believes are appropriate to reflect price inflation) for its operation and maintenance services. These projects are referred to as having a “Service Fee” structure. Covanta Energy’s contracts at its Service Fee projects provide revenue that does not materially vary based on the amount of waste processed or energy generated and as such is relatively stable for the contract term. In addition, at most of Covanta Energy’s Service Fee projects, the operating subsidiary retains only a fraction of the energy revenues generated, with the balance used to provide a credit to the municipal client against its disposal costs. Therefore, in these projects, the municipal client derives most of the benefit and risk of energy production and changing energy prices.
 
Covanta Energy also has 8 waste-to-energy projects at which it receives a per-ton fee under contracts for processing waste. These projects are referred to as having a “Tip Fee” structure. At its Tip Fee projects, Covanta Energy generally enters into long-term waste disposal contracts for a substantial portion of project disposal capacity and retains all of the energy revenue generated. Covanta Energy’s waste disposal and energy revenue from these projects is more dependent upon operating performance, and as such is subject to greater revenue fluctuation to the extent performance levels fluctuate.
 
Under both structures, Covanta’s returns are expected to be stable if it does not incur material unexpected operation and maintenance costs or other expenses. In addition, most of Covanta Energy’s waste-to-energy project contracts are structured so that contract counterparties generally bear, or share in, the costs associated with events or circumstances not within Covanta Energy’s control, such as uninsured force majeure events and changes in legal requirements. The stability of Covanta Energy’s domestic revenues and returns could be affected by its ability to continue to enforce these obligations. Also, at some of Covanta Energy’s waste-to-energy facilities, commodity price risk is mitigated by passing through commodity costs to contract counterparties. With respect to its domestic and international independent power projects, such structural features generally do not exist because either Covanta Energy operates and maintains such facilities for its own account or does so on a cost-plus basis rather than a fixed-fee basis.
 
Seasonal Effects
 
Covanta Energy’s quarterly operating income from domestic and international operations within the same fiscal year typically differs substantially due to seasonal factors, primarily as a result of the timing of scheduled plant maintenance. Covanta Energy has typically experienced lower operating income from its projects during the first six months of each year, and higher operating income during the second six months of each year.
 
Contract Duration
 
Covanta Energy operates its domestic waste-to-energy projects under long-term agreements. Energy sales contracts at Covanta Energy-owned waste-to-energy projects generally expire at or after the date on which that project’s agreement expires. Expiration of these contracts will subject Covanta Energy to greater market risk in maintaining and enhancing its revenues. As its agreements at municipally-owned projects expire, Covanta Energy will seek to enter into renewal or replacement contracts to continue operating such projects. As its agreements at facilities it owns begin to expire, Covanta Energy intends to seek replacement or additional contracts for waste supplies. Because project debt on these facilities will be paid off at such time, Covanta Energy believes it will be able to offer disposal services at rates that will attract sufficient quantities of waste and provide acceptable revenues. Covanta Energy will seek to bid competitively in the market for additional contracts to operate other facilities as similar contracts of other vendors expire. At Covanta Energy’s domestic facilities, the expiration of existing energy sales contracts will require Covanta Energy to sell project energy output either into the electricity grid or pursuant to


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new contracts. There can be no assurance that Covanta will be able to enter into such renewals, replacement or additional contracts, or that the terms available in the market at the time will be favorable to Covanta Energy.
 
Business Development
 
Covanta’s opportunities for growth by investing in new development opportunities will be limited by Covanta Energy’s debt covenants, as well as by competition from other companies in the waste disposal and energy businesses. Covanta Energy’s business is capital intensive since it is based upon building and operating municipal solid waste processing and energy generating projects. In order to provide meaningful growth, Covanta must be able to invest its own funds, obtain equity or debt financing, and provide support to its operating subsidiaries. Covanta’s domestic project development has recently concentrated on working with its client communities to expand existing waste-to-energy project capacities, and it has one project in advanced stages of development and another under construction. Covanta is pursuing additional project expansion opportunities, as well as opportunities in businesses ancillary to its existing business, such as additional waste transfer, transportation, processing and landfill businesses. Covanta is also pursuing international waste and/or energy business opportunities, particularly in markets where the regulatory environment or other factors encourage technologies such as waste-to-energy in order to reduce dependence on landfilling, such as Italy, where Covanta has an existing presence, as well as the United Kingdom.
 
Other Services
 
Covanta’s Other Services segment is comprised of the parent company and insurance subsidiaries operations. The operations of Covanta’s insurance subsidiary, National American Insurance Company of California (“NAICC”), and its subsidiary Valor Insurance Company, Incorporated (“Valor”), are primarily property and casualty insurance. Parent company operations prior to the acquisition of Covanta Energy on March 10, 2004, primarily included general and administrative expense related to officer salaries, legal and other professional fees and insurance. Subsequent to the acquisition of Covanta Energy, these expenses have been reimbursed by Covanta Energy under a corporate services agreement. The parent company operations also include income earned on its investments.
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 are not representative of Covanta’s ongoing results since ARC Holdings’ results of operations were included in Covanta Energy’s consolidated results of operations from June 25, 2005 forward.
 
Therefore, given the significance of the ARC Holdings acquisition to Covanta’s current and future results of operations and financial condition, Covanta believes that an understanding of its reported results, trends and ongoing performance is enhanced by presenting results on a pro forma basis at both the consolidated and Waste and Energy Services segment levels for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. However, the pro forma results are equivalent to reported results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as there are no pro forma adjustments for this period. Covanta’s consolidated and segment results of operations, as reported and where applicable, on a pro forma basis, are summarized in the tables and discussions below. The pro forma basis presentation assumes that the acquisition of ARC Holdings occurred on January 1, 2005. The pro forma adjustments are described on page 45.
 
The pro forma financial information is presented for information purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2005 or that may result in the future. In addition, the pro forma information provided below has not been adjusted to reflect any operating efficiencies that may be realized as a result of the ARC Holdings acquisition.
 
Consolidated Results
 
During the third quarter of 2005, Covanta decided to combine the previously separate business segments of Insurance Services and Parent-only operations into one reportable segment referred to as “Other Services.” Certain prior period amounts, such as parent investment income, have been reclassified in the condensed consolidated


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financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. Basic and diluted earnings per share and the average shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the bonus element contained in the rights offering conducted in June 2005.
 
Covanta’s consolidated results of operations on both a reported and pro forma basis are presented in the table below (in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts):
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    Reported     Pro Forma     Reported     Pro Forma  
    2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)  
 
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
                                                               
Total operating revenues
  $ 334,136     $ 199,092     $ 334,136     $ 315,714     $ 639,492     $ 373,911     $ 639,492     $ 604,223  
Total operating expenses
    257,448       170,278       257,448       253,005       527,286       331,238       527,286       516,633  
                                                                 
Operating income
    76,688       28,814       76,688       62,709       112,206       42,673       112,206       87,590  
                                                                 
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
                                                               
Investment income
    2,915       994       2,915       1,558       5,318       1,873       5,318       3,098  
Interest expense
    (31,814 )     (18,031 )     (31,814 )     (28,801 )     (60,297 )     (28,352 )     (60,297 )     (58,534 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    (2,342 )           (2,342 )           (2,342 )           (2,342 )      
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, unexercised ACL warrants
          500             500             4,218             4,218  
                                                                 
Total other expense
    (31,241 )     (16,537 )     (31,241 )     (26,743 )     (57,321 )     (22,261 )     (57,321 )     (51,218 )
                                                                 
Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
    45,447       12,277       45,447       35,966       54,885       20,412       54,885       36,372  
Income tax expense
    (6,662 )     (4,875 )     (6,662 )     (16,185 )     (10,925 )     (7,617 )     (10,925 )     (16,368 )
Minority interests
    (2,279 )     (5,589 )     (2,279 )     (5,608 )     (2,879 )     (7,139 )     (2,879 )     (7,195 )
Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
    14,672       4,104       14,672       4,104       21,515       10,564       21,515       10,564  
                                                                 
NET INCOME
  $ 51,178     $ 5,917     $ 51,178     $ 18,277     $ 62,596     $ 16,220     $ 62,596     $ 23,373  
                                                                 
EARNINGS PER SHARE:
                                                               
Basic
  $ 0.35     $ 0.06     $ 0.35     $ 0.13     $ 0.43     $ 0.16     $ 0.43     $ 0.17  
                                                                 
Diluted
  $ 0.35     $ 0.05     $ 0.35     $ 0.13     $ 0.43     $ 0.15     $ 0.43     $ 0.16  
                                                                 
 
The following general discussions should be read in conjunction with the above table, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto and other financial information appearing and referred to elsewhere in this report. Additional detail on comparable revenues, costs and expenses, and operating income is provided in the pro forma Waste and Energy Services segment discussion and reported Other Services segment discussion below.
 
Consolidated Results of Operations — Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 vs. Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
 
Consolidated Reported Results
 
Covanta’s net income increased by $45.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Operating income for the Waste and Energy Services segment increased by $48 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. The increase in operating income resulted primarily from the ARC Holdings acquisition in the second quarter of 2005 combined with increased operating revenues, cost reduction initiatives and reduced scope of scheduled maintenance activity in the second quarter of 2006. Operating income for the Other Services segment for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.


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Total investment income increased by $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher invested cash balances. Interest expense increased by $13.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to the new financing arrangements put into place as part of the ARC Holdings acquisition in June 2005 and the write-off of $4.5 million of deferred financing costs related to the amendments to the financing arrangements in May 2006. As a result of the amendments to the financing arrangements, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million was recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2006. Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments increased by $10.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, due to improved performance at the Quezon facility, which was primarily because the facility conducted a major scheduled turbine-generator maintenance project in 2005, combined with a $7 million cumulative deferred income tax benefit related to unrealized foreign exchange losses that are expected to be tax deductible for Philippine tax purposes in future years. Quezon recorded this cumulative deferred income tax benefit in the period ended June 30, 2006 on the basis of rulings which were issued by the Philippine tax authorities in June 2006 clarifying the tax deductibility of such losses upon realization. Income tax expense increased by $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. This increase was primarily due to higher taxable income, primarily from the ARC Holdings acquisition, offset by a one-time tax benefit of $10 million recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2006 associated with the adoption of the permanent reinvestment exception under APB Opinion No. 23 “Accounting for Income Taxes — Special Areas” (“APB 23”) as discussed in Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes.
 
Consolidated Pro Forma Results
 
Covanta’s net income increased by $32.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Operating income for the Waste and Energy Services segment increased by $14.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher operating revenues, cost reduction initiatives and reduced scope of scheduled maintenance activity in the second quarter of 2006. Operating income for the Other Services segment for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.
 
Total investment income increased by $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher invested cash balances. Interest expense increased by $3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to the write-off of $4.5 million of deferred financing costs related to the amendments to the financing arrangements in May 2006 offset by lower outstanding debt balances. As a result of the amendments to the financing arrangements, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million was recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2006. Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments increased by $10.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, due to improved performance at the Quezon facility, which was primarily because the facility conducted a major scheduled turbine-generator maintenance project in 2005, combined with a $7 million cumulative deferred income tax benefit related to unrealized foreign exchange losses that are expected to be tax deductible for Philippine tax purposes in future years. Quezon recorded this cumulative deferred income tax benefit in the period ended June 30, 2006 on the basis of rulings which were issued by the Philippine tax authorities in June 2006 clarifying the tax deductibility of such losses upon realization. Income tax expense decreased by $9.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. This decrease was primarily due a one-time tax benefit of $10 million recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2006 associated with the adoption of the permanent reinvestment exception under APB 23 as discussed in Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes.
 
Consolidated Results of Operations — Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 vs. Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
 
Consolidated Reported Results
 
Covanta’s net income increased by $46.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Operating income for the Waste and Energy Services segment increased by $69.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. The increase in operating income


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resulted primarily from the ARC Holdings acquisition in the second quarter of 2005 combined with increased operating revenues, cost reduction initiatives and reduced scope of scheduled maintenance activity in the second quarter of 2006. Operating income for the Other Services segment for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.
 
Total investment income increased by $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher invested cash balances. Interest expense increased by $31.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to the new financing arrangements put into place as part of the ARC Holdings acquisition in June 2005 and the write-off of $4.5 million of deferred financing costs related to the amendments to the financing arrangements in May 2006. As a result of the amendments to the financing arrangements, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million was recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2006. Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments increased by $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, due to improved performance at the Quezon facility, which was primarily because the facility conducted a major scheduled turbine-generator maintenance project in 2005, combined with a $7 million cumulative deferred income tax benefits related to unrealized foreign exchange losses that are expected to be tax deductible for Philippine tax purposes in future years. Quezon recorded this cumulative deferred income tax benefit in the period ended June 30, 2006 on the basis of rulings which were issued by the Philippine tax authorities in June 2006 clarifying the tax deductibility of such losses upon realization. Income tax expense increased by $3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. This increase was primarily due to higher taxable income primarily from the ARC Holdings acquisition offset by a one-time tax benefit of $10 million recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2006 associated with the adoption of the permanent reinvestment exception under APB 23 as discussed in Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes. Covanta recorded a pre-tax unrealized gain on derivative instruments of $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005 related to its investment in American Commercial Lines LLC (“ACL”) warrants which was liquidated in October 2005 as discussed in Note 15. Financial Instruments of the Notes.
 
Consolidated Pro Forma Results
 
Covanta’s net income increased by $39.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Operating income for the Waste and Energy Services segment increased by $24.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period 2005, primarily due to higher operating revenues, cost reduction initiatives and reduced scope of scheduled maintenance activity during the six months ended June 30, 2006. Operating income for the Other Services segment for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.
 
Total investment income increased by $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher invested cash balances. Interest expense increased by $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to the write-off of $4.5 million of deferred financing costs related to the amendments to the financing arrangements in May 2006 offset by lower outstanding debt balances. As a result of the amendments to the financing arrangements, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million was recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2006. Equity in net income from unconsolidated investments increased by $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, due to improved performance at the Quezon facility, which was primarily because the facility conducted a major scheduled turbine-generator maintenance project in 2005, combined with a $7 million cumulative deferred income tax benefit related to unrealized foreign exchange losses that are expected to be tax deductible for Philippine tax purposes in future years. Quezon recorded this cumulative deferred income tax benefit in the period ended June 30, 2006 on the basis of rulings which were issued by the Philippine tax authorities in June 2006 clarifying the tax deductibility of such losses upon realization. Income tax expense decreased by $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. This decrease was primarily due a one-time tax benefit of $10 million recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2006 associated with the adoption of the permanent reinvestment exception under APB 23 as discussed in Note 11. Income Taxes of the Notes. Covanta recorded a pre-tax unrealized gain on derivative instruments of $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2005 related to its investment in ACL warrants which was liquidated in October 2005 as discussed in Note 15. Financial Instruments of the Notes.


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Waste and Energy Services Results
 
Waste and Energy Services results of operations on both a reported and pro forma basis are presented in the table below (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    Reported     Pro Forma     Reported     Pro Forma  
    2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Waste and service revenues
  $ 213,501     $ 131,108     $ 213,501     $ 208,354     $ 404,870     $ 242,448     $ 404,870     $ 393,100  
Electricity and steam sales
    116,413       63,437       116,413       102,813       225,591       122,225       225,591       201,885  
Other operating revenues
    707       711       707       711       1,576       1,401       1,576       1,401  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    330,621       195,256       330,621       311,878       632,037       366,074       632,037       596,386  
                                                                 
Plant operating expenses
    174,561       122,923       174,561       171,254       360,719       241,199       360,719       347,952  
Depreciation and amortization
    48,820       17,830       48,820       45,738       95,200       33,476       95,200       91,226  
Net interest expense on project debt
    15,293       10,079       15,293       17,314       31,291       19,712       31,291       34,902  
Other operating (income) expense
    (1,128 )     (1,110 )     (1,128 )     (1,977 )     (1,386 )     (360 )     (1,386 )     159  
General and administrative expenses
    16,469       12,488       16,469       17,048       34,290       25,104       34,290       34,922  
Restructuring charges
          2,655                         2,655              
Acquisition-related charges
          1,785                         1,980              
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    254,015       166,650       254,015       249,377       520,114       323,766       520,114       509,161  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 76,606     $ 28,606     $ 76,606     $ 62,501     $ 111,923     $ 42,308     $ 111,923     $ 87,225  
                                                                 
 
The following business segment discussion is presented on a pro forma basis only. Management believes that due to the significance of the ARC Holdings acquisition to Covanta’s current and future results of operations and financial condition that an understanding of Covanta’s reported results, trends and ongoing performance is enhanced by a discussion of the Waste and Energy Services segment on a pro forma basis. However, the pro forma results are equivalent to reported results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as there are no pro forma adjustments for this period. The following general discussion should be read in conjunction with the above table, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes. Additional detail on comparable revenues, costs and expenses, and operating income, within the Waste and Energy Services segment is provided in the pro forma domestic and international business discussion below.
 
Operating income increased by $14.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to increased revenues. Total operating revenues increased $18.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily from increased domestic revenues due to contract fee escalations and higher energy prices in 2006, in addition to higher tariffs in the international business. Total operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 increased by $4.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher plant operating expenses. Additional information regarding changes in revenues and expenses is provided below in the discussion of domestic and international businesses comprising the Waste and Energy Services segment.
 
Operating income increased by $24.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to increased revenues. Total operating revenues increased $35.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily from increased domestic revenues due to contract fee escalations and higher energy prices in 2006, in addition to higher tariffs in the international business. Total operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 increased by $11 million, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to higher plant operating expenses. Additional information regarding changes in revenues and expenses is provided below in the discussion of domestic and international businesses comprising the Waste and Energy Services segment.


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Domestic Business
 
The domestic business results of operations on both a reported and pro forma basis are presented in the table below (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    Reported     Pro Forma     Reported     Pro Forma  
    2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Waste and service revenues
  $ 212,642     $ 129,547     $ 212,642     $ 206,793     $ 402,580     $ 239,144     $ 402,580     $ 389,796  
Electricity and steam sales
    72,672       28,675       72,672       68,051       144,436       53,237       144,436       132,897  
Other operating revenues
    707       711       707       711       1,576       1,401       1,576       1,401  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    286,021       158,933       286,021       275,555       548,592       293,782       548,592       524,094  
                                                                 
Plant operating expenses
    141,230       97,738       141,230       146,069       299,009       190,702       299,009       297,455  
Depreciation and amortization
    46,693       15,614       46,693       43,522       90,916       29,141       90,916       86,891  
Net interest expense on project debt
    13,606       7,997       13,606       15,232       27,530       15,704       27,530       30,894  
Other operating (income) expense
    225       (1,266 )     225       (2,133 )     351       (551 )     351       (32 )
General and administrative expenses
    15,576       11,289       15,576       15,849       32,306       22,644       32,306       32,462  
Acquisition-related charges
          1,785                         1,980              
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    217,330       133,157       217,330       218,539       450,112       259,620       450,112       447,670  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 68,691     $ 25,776     $ 68,691     $ 57,016     $ 98,480     $ 34,162     $ 98,480     $ 76,424  
                                                                 
 
Waste and Energy Domestic Business Results of Operations — Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 vs. Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
 
The following discussion is presented on a pro forma basis only.
 
Total domestic revenue increased by $10.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to contract fee escalation and higher energy and scrap metal prices as described below.
 
Waste and service revenues increased by $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005.
 
  •  Revenue from waste-to-energy projects structured with Service Fee arrangements was comparable to the same period in 2005. Revenues increased $4.4 million primarily due to contractual escalations and higher additional waste service fees offset by a reduction of $4.4 million related to lower revenues earned explicitly to service debt;
 
  •  Revenue from waste-to-energy projects structured with Tip Fee arrangements increased by $3.7 million. Revenues increased by $1.5 million primarily driven by favorable pricing for waste handled and $2.2 million due to the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005; and
 
  •  Other waste and service fee revenues increased by $2.2 million primarily due to higher pricing for scrap metal.
 
Electricity and steam sales increased $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Revenues increased by $3.4 million primarily due to higher energy rates and $1.2 million primarily due to the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005.
 
Plant operating expenses decreased by $4.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. The decrease was primarily due to scope and timing of scheduled plant maintenance and cost reduction initiatives offset by normal cost escalation such as wages and the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005.


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Depreciation and amortization increased by $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to additions of property, plant and equipment and the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005.
 
Net interest expense on project debt decreased by $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to lower project debt balances.
 
Other operating income decreased by $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to a gain at a facility related to debt refinancing in April 2005.
 
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 were comparable to the same period in 2005 primarily due to wage escalations and increased development spending offset by additional synergies from the ARC Holdings acquisition.
 
Waste and Energy Domestic Business Results of Operations — Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 vs. Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
 
The following discussion is presented on a pro forma basis only.
 
Total domestic revenue increased by $24.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to contract fee escalation and higher energy and scrap metal prices as described below.
 
Waste and service revenues increased by $12.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005.
 
  •  Revenue from waste-to-energy projects structured with Service Fee arrangements increased by $2.5 million. Revenues increased by $8 million primarily due to contractual escalations and higher additional waste service fees offset by a reduction of $5.5 million related to lower revenues earned explicitly to service debt;
 
  •  Revenue from waste-to-energy projects structured with Tip Fee arrangements increased by $6.8 million. Revenues increased by $2.7 million primarily driven by favorable pricing for waste handled and $4.1 million primarily due to the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005; and
 
  •  Other waste and service fee revenues increased by $3.5 million primarily due to higher pricing for scrap metal.
 
Electricity and steam sales increased by $11.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Revenues increased by $9.1 million primarily due to higher energy rates and increased production, and $2.4 million primarily due to the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005.
 
Plant operating expenses increased by $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. The increase was primarily due to normal cost escalation such as wages and the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005, partially offset by scope and timing of scheduled plant maintenance and cost reduction initiatives.
 
Depreciation and amortization increased by $4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to additions to property, plant and equipment and the emergence of a subsidiary from bankruptcy in December 2005.
 
Net interest expense on project debt decreased $3.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily as a result of lower project debt balances.
 
Other operating expense for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.
 
General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 were comparable to the same period in 2005 primarily due to wage escalations and increased development spending offset by additional synergies from the ARC Holdings acquisition.


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International Business
 
The international business results of operations on both a reported and pro forma basis are presented in the table below (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    Reported     Pro Forma     Reported     Pro Forma  
    2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005     2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Waste and service revenues
  $ 859     $ 1,561     $ 859     $ 1,561     $ 2,290     $ 3,304     $ 2,290     $ 3,304  
Electricity and steam sales
    43,741       34,762       43,741       34,762       81,155       68,988       81,155       68,988  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    44,600       36,323       44,600       36,323       83,445       72,292       83,445       72,292  
                                                                 
Plant operating expenses
    33,331       25,185       33,331       25,185       61,710       50,497       61,710       50,497  
Depreciation and amortization
    2,127       2,216       2,127       2,216       4,284       4,335       4,284       4,335  
Net interest expense on project debt
    1,687       2,082       1,687       2,082       3,761       4,008       3,761       4,008  
Other operating (income) expense
    (1,353 )     156       (1,353 )     156       (1,737 )     191       (1,737 )     191  
General and administrative expenses
    893       1,199       893       1,199       1,984       2,460       1,984       2,460  
Restructuring charges
          2,655                         2,655              
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    36,685       33,493       36,685       30,838       70,002       64,146       70,002       61,491  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 7,915     $ 2,830     $ 7,915     $ 5,485     $ 13,443     $ 8,146     $ 13,443     $ 10,801  
                                                                 
 
Waste and Energy International Business Results of Operations — Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 vs. Three Months Ended June 30, 2005
 
The following discussion is presented on a pro forma basis only.
 
Total revenues for the international business for the three months ended June 30, 2006 increased by $8.3 million, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to a $9.8 million increase in tariff revenues at both Indian facilities resulting from higher fuel costs, partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in revenues from the Huantai facility in China due to lower electricity and steam sales in the second quarter of 2006 combined with the sale of the facility during the second quarter of 2006.
 
Plant operating expenses increased by $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Plant operating expenses increased primarily as a result of $10.1 million in higher fuel costs at both Indian facilities partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease at the Huantai facility in China due to lower generation combined with the sale of the facility during the second quarter of 2006.
 
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.
 
Net interest expense on project debt decreased by $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to the scheduled quarterly pay down of project debt at both Indian facilities.
 
Other operating income increased by $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to a $1.2 million gain on the sale of the Huantai facility in China during second quarter of 2006 and a $0.4 million gain on the sale of inventory that was previously written off at a facility in the Philippines during the second quarter of 2006.
 
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 were comparable to the same period in 2005.


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Waste and Energy International Business Results of Operations — Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 vs. Six Months Ended June 30, 2005
 
The following discussion is presented on a pro forma basis only.
 
Total revenues for the international business for the six months ended June 30, 2006 increased by $11.2 million, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to a $14.3 million increase in tariff revenues at both Indian facilities resulting from higher fuel costs, partially offset by a $3.9 million decrease in revenues from the Huantai facility in China due to lower electricity and steam sales in 2006 combined with the sale of the facility during the second quarter of 2006.
 
Plant operating expenses increased by $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005. Plant operating expenses increased primarily as a result of $13.7 million in higher fuel costs at both Indian facilities, partially offset by a $2.8 million decrease at the Huantai facility in China due to lower generation combined with the sale of the facility during the second quarter of 2006.
 
Depreciation and amortization for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same period in 2005.
 
Net interest expense on project debt decreased by $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to the scheduled quarterly pay down of project debt at both Indian facilities.
 
Other operating income increased by $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to a $1.2 million gain on the sale of the Huantai facility in China during the second quarter of 2006 and a $0.4 million gain on the sale of inventory at a facility in the Philippines during the second quarter of 2006.
 
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, as compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to lower personnel costs in 2006.
 
Other Services Results
 
Other Services reported results of operations are presented in the table below (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                 
    For the
    For the
 
    Three Months
    Six Months
 
    Ended
    Ended
 
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2006     2005     2006     2005  
    (Unaudited)  
 
OPERATING REVENUES:
                               
Net earned premiums
  $ 3,077     $ 3,383     $ 6,603     $ 6,854  
Net investment income
    416       483       830       980  
Net realized investment losses
    (15 )     (70 )     (26 )     (80 )
Other income
    37       40       48       83  
                                 
Total other operating revenues
    3,515       3,836       7,455       7,837  
Depreciation and amortization
    18       27       35       55  
Other operating expenses
    2,648       2,806       5,596       5,718  
General and administrative expenses
    767       795       1,541       1,699  
                                 
Total operating expenses
    3,433       3,628       7,172       7,472  
                                 
Operating income
  $ 82     $ 208     $ 283     $ 365  
                                 
 
Net earned premiums and other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were comparable to the same period in 2005. Other operating expenses consists of net loss and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”), and policy acquisition costs as described below. General and administrative expenses were comparable


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for the three months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 and decreased by $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 due primarily to reductions in administrative personnel and rent in the insurance business.
 
The loss and LAE ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 was comparable to the same periods in 2005 due to the consistent performance of the private passenger auto programs. The resulting loss and LAE ratios were 64.3% and 66.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. As a percentage of net earned premiums, policy acquisition costs were 20.5% and 17.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Policy acquisition costs increased in 2006 compared to the 2005 period due to the elimination of the ceding commissions earned under the quota share reinsurance agreements that were in effect during 2005.
 
PRO FORMA RECONCILIATIONS
 
The following tables provide reconciliations from the as reported results to the pro forma results presented above for Covanta and its Waste and Energy Services segment where applicable (in thousands of dollars, except per share amounts). Notes to the pro forma reconciliations begin directly after the tables.
 
CONSOLIDATED PRO FORMA RECONCILIATIONS
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006     Three Months Ended June 30, 2005  
          Acquisition
    Pro Forma
                Acquisition
    Pro Forma
       
    As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma     As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Operating revenues
                                                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 213,501     $     $     $ 213,501     $ 131,108     $ 76,319     $ 927     $ 208,354  
Electricity and steam sales
    116,413                   116,413       63,437       39,376             102,813  
Other operating revenues
    4,222                   4,222       4,547                   4,547  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    334,136                   334,136       199,092       115,695       927       315,714  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
                                                               
Plant operating expenses
    174,561                   174,561       122,923       46,709       1,622       171,254  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    48,838                   48,838       17,857       27,294       614       45,765  
Net interest expense on project debt
    15,293                   15,293       10,079       6,646       589       17,314  
Other operating expenses
    1,520                   1,520       1,696       (867 )           829  
General and administrative expenses
    17,236                   17,236       13,283       44,663       (40,103 )     17,843  
Restructuring charges
                            2,655             (2,655 )      
Acquisition-related charges
                            1,785             (1,785 )      
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    257,448                   257,448       170,278       124,445       (41,718 )     253,005  
                                                                 
Operating income
    76,688                   76,688       28,814       (8,750 )     42,645       62,709  
                                                                 
Other income (expenses)
                                                               
Investment income
    2,915                   2,915       994       564             1,558  
Interest expense
    (31,814 )                 (31,814 )     (18,031 )     (12,786 )     2,016       (28,801 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    (2,342 )                 (2,342 )                        
Gain on derivative instruments, ACL warrants
                            500                   500  
                                                                 
Total other expenses
    (31,241 )                 (31,241 )     (16,537 )     (12,222 )     2,016       (26,743 )
                                                                 
Income before income tax expense, minority interests and equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
    45,447                   45,447       12,277       (20,972 )     44,661       35,966  
Income tax expense
    (6,662 )                 (6,662 )     (4,875 )     4,774       (16,084 )     (16,185 )
Minority interests
    (2,279 )                 (2,279 )     (5,589 )     (19 )           (5,608 )
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments
    14,672                   14,672       4,104                   4,104  
                                                                 
Net income
  $ 51,178     $     $     $ 51,178     $ 5,917     $ (16,217 )   $ 28,577     $ 18,277  
                                                                 
Earnings Per Share:
                                                               
Basic
  $ 0.35                     $ 0.35     $ 0.06                     $ 0.13  
                                                                 
Diluted
  $ 0.35                     $ 0.35     $ 0.05                     $ 0.13  
                                                                 


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    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006     Six Months Ended June 30, 2005  
          Acquisition
    Pro Forma
                Acquisition
    Pro Forma
       
    As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma     As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Operating revenues
                                                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 404,870     $     $     $ 404,870     $ 242,448     $ 148,792     $ 1,860     $ 393,100  
Electricity and steam sales
    225,591                   225,591       122,225       79,660             201,885  
Other operating revenues
    9,031                   9,031       9,238                   9,238  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    639,492                   639,492       373,911       228,452       1,860       604,223  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
                                                               
Plant operating expenses
    360,719                   360,719       241,199       103,617       3,136       347,952  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    95,235                   95,235       33,531       57,032       718       91,281  
Net interest expense on project debt
    31,291                   31,291       19,712       13,964       1,226       34,902  
Other operating expenses
    4,210                   4,210       5,358       519             5,877  
General and administrative expenses
    35,831                   35,831       26,803       52,133       (42,315 )     36,621  
Restructuring charges
                            2,655             (2,655 )      
Acquisition-related charges
                            1,980             (1,980 )      
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    527,286                   527,286       331,238       227,265       (41,870 )     516,633  
                                                                 
Operating income
    112,206                   112,206       42,673       1,187       43,730       87,590  
                                                                 
Other income (expenses)
                                                               
Investment income
    5,318                   5,318       1,873       1,225             3,098  
Interest expense
    (60,297 )                 (60,297 )     (28,352 )     (26,368 )     (3,814 )     (58,534 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    (2,342 )                 (2,342 )                        
Gain on derivative instruments, ACL warrants
                            4,218                   4,218  
                                                                 
Total other expenses
    (57,321 )                 (57,321 )     (22,261 )     (25,143 )     (3,814 )     (51,218 )
                                                                 
Income before income tax expense, minority interests and equity in net income from unconsolidated investments
    54,885                   54,885       20,412       (23,956 )     39,916       36,372  
Income tax expense
    (10,925 )                 (10,925 )     (7,617 )     6,033       (14,784 )     (16,368 )
Minority interest
    (2,879 )                 (2,879 )     (7,139 )     (56 )           (7,195 )
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments
    21,515                   21,515       10,564                   10,564  
                                                                 
Net income
  $ 62,596     $     $     $ 62,596     $ 16,220     $ (17,979 )   $ 25,132     $ 23,373  
                                                                 
Earnings Per Share:
                                                               
Basic
  $ 0.43                     $ 0.43     $ 0.16                     $ 0.17  
                                                                 
Diluted
  $ 0.43                     $ 0.43     $ 0.15                     $ 0.16  
                                                                 


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WASTE AND ENERGY SERVICES PRO FORMA RECONCILIATIONS
 
Domestic
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006     Three Months Ended June 30, 2005  
          Acquisition
    Pro Forma
                Acquisition
    Pro Forma
       
    As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma     As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Operating revenues
                                                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 212,642     $     $     $ 212,642     $ 129,547     $ 76,319     $ 927     $ 206,793  
Electricity and steam sales
    72,672                   72,672       28,675       39,376             68,051  
Other operating revenues
    707                   707       711                   711  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    286,021                   286,021       158,933       115,695       927       275,555  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
                                                               
Plant operating expenses
    141,230                   141,230       97,738       46,709       1,622       146,069  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    46,693                   46,693       15,614       27,294       614       43,522  
Net interest expense on project debt
    13,606                   13,606       7,997       6,646       589       15,232  
Other operating expenses
    225                   225       (1,266 )     (867 )           (2,133 )
General and administrative expenses
    15,576                   15,576       11,289       44,663       (40,103 )     15,849  
Acquisition-related charges
                            1,785             (1,785 )      
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    217,330                   217,330       133,157       124,445       (39,063 )     218,539  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 68,691     $     $     $ 68,691     $ 25,776     $ (8,750 )   $ 39,990     $ 57,016  
                                                                 
 
                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006     Six Months Ended June 30, 2005  
          Acquisition
    Pro Foma
                Acquisition
    Pro Forma
       
    As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma     As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Operating revenues
                                                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 402,580     $     $     $ 402,580     $ 239,144     $ 148,792     $ 1,860     $ 389,796  
Electricity and steam sales
    144,436                   144,436       53,237       79,660             132,897  
Other operating revenues
    1,576                   1,576       1,401                   1,401  
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    548,592                   548,592       293,782       228,452       1,860       524,094  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
                                                               
Plant operating expenses
    299,009                   299,009       190,702       103,617       3,136       297,455  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    90,916                   90,916       29,141       57,032       718       86,891  
Net interest expense on project debt
    27,530                   27,530       15,704       13,964       1,226       30,894  
Other operating expenses
    351                   351       (551 )     519             (32 )
General and administrative expenses
    32,306                   32,306       22,644       52,133       (42,315 )     32,462  
Acquisition-related charges
                            1,980             (1,980 )      
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    450,112                   450,112       259,620       227,265       (39,215 )     447,670  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 98,480     $     $     $ 98,480     $ 34,162     $ 1,187     $ 41,075     $ 76,424  
                                                                 


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International
 
                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2006     Three Months Ended June 30, 2005  
          Acquisition
    Pro Forma
                Acquisition
    Pro Forma
       
    As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma     As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Operating revenues
                                                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 859     $     $     $ 859     $ 1,561     $     $     $ 1,561  
Electricity and steam sales
    43,741                   43,741       34,762                   34,762  
Other operating revenues
                                               
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    44,600                   44,600       36,323                   36,323  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
                                                               
Plant operating expenses
    33,331                   33,331       25,185                   25,185  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    2,127                   2,127       2,216                   2,216  
Net interest expense on project debt
    1,687                   1,687       2,082                   2,082  
Other operating expenses
    (1,353 )                 (1,353 )     156                   156  
General and administrative expenses
    893                   893       1,199                   1,199  
Restructuring charges
                            2,655             (2,655 )      
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    36,685                   36,685       33,493             (2,655 )     30,838  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 7,915     $     $     $ 7,915     $ 2,830     $     $ 2,655     $ 5,485  
                                                                 
 
                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006     Six Months Ended June 30, 2005  
          Acquisition
    Pro Forma
                Acquisition
    Pro Forma
       
    As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma     As Reported     Activity     Adjust.     Pro Forma  
    (Unaudited)  
 
Operating revenues
                                                               
Waste and service revenues
  $ 2,290     $     $     $ 2,290     $ 3,304     $     $     $ 3,304  
Electricity and steam sales
    81,155                   81,155       68,988                   68,988  
Other operating revenues
                                               
                                                                 
Total operating revenues
    83,445                   83,445       72,292                   72,292  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
                                                               
Plant operating expenses
    61,710                   61,710       50,497                   50,497  
Depreciation and amortization expense
    4,284                   4,284       4,335                   4,335  
Net interest expense on project debt
    3,761                   3,761       4,008                   4,008  
Other operating expenses
    (1,737 )                 (1,737 )     191                   191  
General and administrative expenses
    1,984                   1,984       2,460                   2,460  
Restructuring charges
                            2,655             (2,655 )      
                                                                 
Total operating expenses
    70,002                   70,002       64,146             (2,655 )     61,491  
                                                                 
Operating income
  $ 13,443     $     $     $ 13,443     $ 8,146     $     $ 2,655     $ 10,801  
                                                                 
 
Notes to Pro Forma Reconciliations
 
Pro Forma Assumptions
 
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the following assumptions:
 
Covanta Energy Transactions:
 
  •  The debt structure of Covanta Energy and CPIH that was in place upon Covanta Energy’s emergence from bankruptcy on March 10, 2004, was assumed to be refinanced, prior to the amendment to the credit facilities


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  on May 26, 2006, in connection with the acquisition of ARC Holdings as of January 1, 2005 as more fully described in Note 3. Acquisition of the Notes.
 
ARC Holdings Transactions:
 
  •  Covanta, through Covanta Energy, purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of ARC Holdings’ capital stock on January 1, 2005 on the same terms described in Note 3. Acquisition of the Notes.
 
Acquisition Activity:
 
  •  Represents ARC Holdings’ actual results of operations for the period of April 1, 2005 through June 24, 2005 and the period of January 1, 2005 through June 24, 2005.
 
Pro Forma Adjustments
 
The following are a summary of the pro forma adjustments made:
 
  •  Waste and service revenues:  To record additional revenues prior to June 25, 2005 as a result of conforming debt service revenue recognition at ARC Holdings subsidiaries to Covanta Energy’s debt service revenue recognition policy, which policy has been implemented by ARC Holdings since its acquisition.
 
  •  Plant operating expenses:  To record as rent expense the net impact of the change in the fair value of a lease owned by an operating subsidiary of ARC Holdings as of January 1, 2005.
 
  •  Depreciation and amortization expense:  To reverse ARC Holdings’ historical depreciation and amortization expense and to record pro forma depreciation and amortization expense based on fair values assigned to ARC Holdings’ property, plant and equipment and amortizable intangible assets prior to its respective acquisition date.
 
  •  Net interest expense on project debt:  To reverse ARC Holdings’ project debt prior bond issuance cost amortization and to record the impact of fair value adjustments to ARC Holdings’ project debt prior to its acquisition date.
 
  •  General and administrative expenses:  To reverse ARC Holdings’ executive compensation and related expenses in the periods prior to the acquisition date.
 
  •  Acquisition-related charges:  To reverse employee bonuses and integration expenses as a result of the acquisition of ARC Holdings.
 
  •  Interest expense:  To reverse ARC Holdings’ pre-acquisition period amortization of deferred financing costs; to record the impact of the fair value adjustment to the intermediate debt of ARC Holdings; to record the effect of the fair value adjustment associated with terminating an obligation to one of ARC Holdings’ prior owners; and to record the net adjustment to interest expense as a result of the initial capital structure of Covanta Energy, prior to the amendment to the credit facilities on May 26, 2006, described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources below.
 
Additionally, in the second quarter ended June 30, 2006, management revised its LIBOR interest rate assumption which affected the previously disclosed pro forma results for the period ended March 31, 2005 in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2006. The impact was to reduce pro forma net income by $1 million and reduce pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share each by $0.01. Such revision has been reflected in the six months ended June 30, 2005 pro forma net income and basic and diluted earnings per share disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
  •  Income tax expense:  To record the adjustment for the estimated income tax effects associated with the pro forma adjustments to pre-tax income and arrive at a blended assumed effective tax rate of 45% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2005.
 
  •  Basic and diluted earnings per share and the weighted average shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock and shares of common stock outstanding for the pro forma three and six months ended June 30, 2005 have been adjusted to reflect the issuance, as of January 1, 2005, of 66.7 million shares pursuant to a pro rata rights offering to all of Covanta’s stockholders on June 24, 2005 in connection with the ARC Holdings acquisition.


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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
The information set forth below regarding liquidity and capital resources is presented according to Covanta’s consolidated operations and Covanta’s business segments of Waste and Energy Services and Other Services. For information related to the Covanta Energy May 26, 2006 credit agreement repricing, see Financing Arrangements below.
 
Capital Resources and Commitments
 
The following chart summarizes the various components and amounts of Covanta Energy’s project debt, intermediate debt and Credit Facilities as of June 30, 2006 (in millions of dollars):
 
(FLOW CHART)


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Cash Flow and Liquidity
 
Summary
 
Covanta’s sources of funds are its investments and financing activities (including offerings of equity and/or debt securities), as well as dividends, if any, and other payments received from Covanta Energy and NAICC. Under its financing arrangements, Covanta Energy’s ability to pay dividends to Covanta is limited, except in certain circumstances. Various state insurance requirements restrict the amounts that may be transferred to Covanta in the form of dividends or loans from Covanta’s insurance subsidiaries without prior regulatory approval. Currently, NAICC cannot pay dividends or make loans to Covanta.
 
Summarized cash flow information for Covanta’s business segments reconciled to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2006  
    Waste and
                   
    Energy     Other     Eliminations     Total  
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ 116,105     $ (1,575 )   $     $ 114,530  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(1)
    (22,630 )     3,764             (18,866 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (79,010 )     21,271             (57,739 )
                                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
  $ 14,465     $ 23,460     $     $ 37,925  
                                 
 
                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2005  
    Waste and
                   
    Energy     Other     Eliminations     Total  
 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ 67,426     $ (9,642 )   $     $ 57,784  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(2)
    (693,387 )     (374,291 )     384,954       (682,724 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    665,579       392,221       (384,954 )     672,846  
                                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
  $ 39,618     $ 8,288     $     $ 47,906  
                                 
 
 
(1) Waste and Energy Services is net of proceeds of $3.6 million from the sale of a facility in China.
 
(2) Waste and Energy Services is net of cash acquired of ARC Holdings of $62.4 million.
 
Waste and Energy Services Segment
 
Cash provided by operating activities was $116.1 million and $67.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The increase in cash flow from operating activities was primarily due to operations acquired in the ARC Holdings acquisition. Net cash used in investing activities was $22.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2006 and was primarily due to the purchase of property, plant and equipment. Net cash used in financing activities was $79 million for the year ended June 30, 2006 and was primarily driven by the payment of debt partially offset by a decrease in restricted funds held in trust.
 
Restricted funds held in trust were $432.6 million as of June 30, 2006. Restricted funds held in trust are primarily amounts received and held by third party trustees relating to projects owned by Covanta Energy, and which may be used only for specified purposes. These payments are made directly to the trustee primarily for related project debt and are held by it until paid to project debt holders. Covanta does not have access to these funds. In addition, as of June 30, 2006, Covanta had $19.6 million in cash held in restricted accounts to pay for certain taxes which may be due relating to the period prior to Covanta Energy’s bankruptcy and that are estimated to be paid in the future. Cash held in such reserve accounts is not available for general corporate purposes.


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Generating sufficient cash to meet Covanta Energy’s liquidity needs, pay down its debt and invest in its business remains an important objective of management. Maintaining historic facility production levels while effectively managing operating and maintenance expenses is important to optimize Covanta Energy’s long-term cash generation. Covanta Energy does not expect to receive any cash contributions from Covanta except in connection with certain acquisitions permitted under its principal financing arrangements, and is prohibited under such financing arrangements from using its cash to issue dividends to Covanta except in limited circumstances.
 
Covanta Energy derives its cash flow principally from its domestic and international project operations and businesses. The frequency and predictability of Covanta Energy’s receipt of cash from projects differs, depending upon various factors, including whether restrictions on distributions exist in applicable project debt arrangements or in debt arrangements at Covanta Energy’s intermediate-level subsidiaries, whether a project is domestic or international, and whether a project has been able to operate at historical levels of production.
 
A material portion of Covanta Energy’s domestic cash flows are expected to be derived from projects where financial tests and other covenants contained in respective debt arrangements must be satisfied in order for project subsidiaries to make cash distributions to intermediate Covanta Energy subsidiaries, and for such intermediate-level subsidiaries to make cash distributions to Covanta Energy. Distributions from these intermediate-level subsidiaries may only be made quarterly, if such financial tests and other covenants are satisfied. Historically all such financial tests and covenants have been satisfied. Covanta Energy’s remaining domestic projects generally are not restricted in making cash distributions, and no restrictions exist at intermediate Covanta Energy subsidiary levels. As a result, Covanta Energy generally receives cash from these projects on a monthly basis.
 
Covanta Energy’s receipt of cash from its international projects is also subject to satisfaction of financial tests and other covenants contained in applicable project debt arrangements. A material portion of cash from Covanta Energy’s international projects are received semi-annually, during the second and fourth quarters.
 
Covanta believes that when combined with its other sources of liquidity, Covanta Energy’s operations generate sufficient cash to meet operational needs, capital expenditures, and service debt due prior to maturity. Management will also seek to enhance Covanta Energy’s cash flow from renewals or replacement of existing contracts, from new contracts to expand existing facilities or operate additional facilities and by investing in new projects. Covanta Energy’s financing arrangements place certain restrictions on its ability to make investments in new projects or expansions of existing projects.
 
Financing Arrangements
 
Covanta does not have any outstanding debt for borrowed money. Covanta Energy and several of its subsidiaries have outstanding debt obligations, which are summarized below. Covanta has guaranteed Covanta Energy’s debt obligations described below.
 
As part of the ARC Holdings acquisition on June 24, 2005, Covanta Energy entered into new credit arrangements which totaled approximately $1.1 billion and are guaranteed by Covanta and certain domestic subsidiaries of Covanta Energy. These credit arrangements consisted of a first priority senior secured credit facility and a second priority senior secured credit facility. The first priority senior secured credit facility was initially comprised of a $275 million first lien term loan, a $100 million revolving credit facility, and a $340 million funded letter of credit facility. The second priority senior secured credit facility is a $400 million second lien term loan facility.
 
On March 21, 2006, Covanta Energy voluntarily reduced the letter of credit facility from $340 million to $320 million. On May 26, 2006, Covanta Energy entered into agreements which amended its existing credit agreements. All material terms of Covanta Energy’s first priority senior secured credit facility and second priority senior secured credit facility remain unchanged except for the following:
 
  •  Interest rates applicable to the existing first lien term loan and to credit linked deposits applicable to its first lien funded letter of credit facility were reduced from LIBOR plus 3.00% to LIBOR plus 2.25%.
 
  •  The amount available for the issuance of letters of credit under the existing $100 million first lien revolving credit facility was increased from $75 million to $90 million.


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  •  New term loan commitments were provided which allowed Covanta Energy to increase the principal amount outstanding under its first lien term loan facility by up to $140 million, and use the proceeds to prepay up to $140 million under the existing second lien term loan.
 
  •  Certain covenants restricting Covanta Energy’s ability to invest available cash and enter into limited recourse borrowings have been modified to provide additional flexibility in the context of permitted acquisitions.
 
On June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy utilized the new term loan commitment of $140 million on its first lien loan facility to prepay $140 million under the second lien term loan facility. Covanta Energy incurred a call premium of $2.8 million which was paid on June 30, 2006. On June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy utilized the new term loan commitment of $140 million on its first lien term loan facility to prepay $140 million under the second lien term loan facility. Covanta Energy recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million which was classified as other expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and a write-off to interest expense of a portion of the second lien term loan facility deferred financing costs of $4.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2006 related to the $140 million prepayment under the second lien term loan facility. See Note 12. Changes in Capitalization of the Notes for a more detailed discussion.
 
Covanta Energy Long-Term Debt
 
Long-term debt is comprised of credit facilities and intermediate debt as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                 
    As of
    As of
 
    June 30, 2006     December 31, 2005  
 
Covanta Energy Senior Secured Credit Facilities
               
First Lien Term Loan Facility
  $ 369,312     $ 229,312  
Second Lien Term Loan Facility
    260,000       400,000  
                 
      629,312       629,312  
                 
Intermediate Subsidiary Debt
               
6.26% Senior Notes due 2015
    211,600       234,000  
8.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2010
    195,785       195,785  
7.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2010
    224,100       224,100  
                 
      631,485       653,885  
Unamortized debt premium
    22,215       24,726  
                 
Total intermediate subsidiary debt
    653,700       678,611  
                 
Other long-term debt
    135       196  
                 
Total long-term debt
    1,283,147       1,308,119  
Less: current portion (includes $4,902 and $4,807 of unamortized premium)
    (36,411 )     (47,549 )
                 
Total long-term debt
  $ 1,246,736     $ 1,260,570  
                 


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Amortization Terms
 
The amended credit agreements include mandatory annual amortization of the first lien term loan facility to be paid in quarterly installments beginning September 30, 2006, through the date of maturity as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
         
    Annual
 
    Remaining
 
    Amortization  
 
2006
  $ 1,847  
2007
    3,693  
2008
    3,693  
2009
    3,693  
2010
    3,693  
2011
    177,270  
2012
    175,423  
         
Total
  $ 369,312  
         
 
The second lien term loan facility has no mandatory amortization requirements and is required to be repaid in full on its maturity date in 2013.
 
Covanta Energy Short-Term Liquidity
 
Covanta Energy had available credit for liquidity as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                         
    Total
          Available
 
    Available
          As of
 
    Under Facility     Maturing     June 30, 2006  
 
Revolving credit facility(1)
  $ 100,000       2011     $ 100,000  
Funded letter of credit facility
  $ 320,000       2012     $ 30,545  
 
 
(1) Up to $90 million of which may be utilized for letters of credit.
 
As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy had neither drawn on the revolving credit facility nor caused to be issued any letters of credit under the revolving credit facility. On March 21, 2006, Covanta’s availability under the funded letter of credit facility was voluntarily reduced to $320 million from $340 million. As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy had $289.5 million outstanding letters of credit under the funded letter of credit facility.
 
Debt Covenants and Defaults
 
The loan documentation under the credit facilities contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and financial covenants. During the term of the credit facilities, Covanta expects that the negative covenants will restrict the ability of Covanta Energy and its subsidiaries to take specified actions, subject to exceptions. As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy was in compliance with covenants under the credit facilities.
 
Interest and Fee Terms
 
Under the amended credit arrangements, the borrowing margins for first lien term loan facility and the funded letter of credit facility are 2.25% for Eurodollar rate loans and 1.25% for base rate loans. The borrowing margins under the second lien term loan facility are 5.50% for Eurodollar rate loans and 4.50% for base rate loans. The borrowing margins for the revolving credit facility remain unchanged from the existing agreements.
 
Intermediate Subsidiary Debt
 
Three ARC Holdings subsidiaries identified below have outstanding non-project debt facilities, which are described below.


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MSW I Financing
 
As of June 30, 2006, MSW Energy Holdings LLC, collectively with MSW Energy Finance Co., Inc., referred to herein after as “MSW I”, had outstanding debt financing consisting of $196 million of 8.50% senior secured notes due 2010, referred to as the “MSW I notes.” Interest on the MSW I notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1st and September 1st of each year. The MSW I notes mature on September 1, 2010.
 
The MSW I notes are general obligations of MSW I and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all the assets of MSW I, including a first priority pledge of the membership interest in MSW I’s subsidiaries and of Ref-Fuel Holdings LLC indirectly owned by MSW I.
 
The indenture under which the MSW I notes were issued, referred to as the “MSW I indenture,” provides for certain restrictive covenants including, among other things, restrictions on incurrence of indebtedness, creation of liens, certain payments to related and unrelated parties, acquisitions, asset sales and transactions with affiliates.
 
The MSW I indenture provides that MSW I is not permitted to make certain distributions or other restricted payments, subject to certain exceptions, unless, and at the time of and after giving effect to such restricted payment, MSW I’s proportionate consolidated interest coverage ratio for its most recently ended four full fiscal quarters would have been at least 2.0 to 1.0 on a pro forma basis as if the restricted payment had been made at the beginning of such four-quarter period, and the projected proportionate consolidated interest coverage ratio for MSW I’s four full fiscal quarters commencing with the first full fiscal quarter after the date of the proposed restricted payment would be at least 2.0 to 1.0. The consolidated interest coverage ratio of MSW I was approximately 3.5x for the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2006.
 
MSW II Financing
 
As of June 30, 2006, MSW Energy Holdings II LLC, collectively with MSW Energy Finance Co. II, Inc., referred to herein after as “MSW II”, had outstanding debt financing consisting of $224 million aggregate principal amount of 7.375% senior secured notes due 2010, referred to as the “MSW II notes.” All terms and indenture descriptions for the MSW II notes are consistent with those terms and indenture descriptions as described above for the MSW I notes.
 
ARC LLC Financing
 
As of June 30, 2006, Covanta ARC LLC (“ARC LLC”), formerly known as American Ref-Fuel Company LLC, had outstanding debt financing consisting of $212 million aggregate principal amount of 6.26% senior notes due 2015, referred to as the “ARC notes.” Interest on the ARC notes is payable June 30th and December 31st of each year through maturity.
 
The indenture under which the ARC notes were issued, referred to as the “ARC indenture” provides for certain restrictive covenants including, among other things, restrictions on the incurrence of indebtedness, certain payments to related and unrelated parties, acquisitions and asset sales. In addition, the ARC indenture provides that distributions of cash to parent entities (including Covanta Energy) may occur quarterly and only if certain financial covenants are satisfied.
 
See Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for detailed descriptions of long-term debt agreements and applicable covenants.
 
Covanta Energy Project Debt
 
Domestic Project Debt
 
Financing for Covanta Energy’s waste-to-energy projects is generally accomplished through tax-exempt and taxable municipal revenue bonds issued by or on behalf of the municipal client. For such facilities that are owned by Covanta Energy’s subsidiary, the issuer of the bonds loans the bond proceeds to Covanta Energy’s subsidiary to pay for facility construction. For such facilities, project-related debt is included as “Project debt (short- and long-term)” in Covanta’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Generally, such project debt is secured by the revenues


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generated by the project and other project assets including the related facility. The only potential recourse to Covanta Energy with respect to project debt arises under the operating performance guarantees described below under “Other Commitments.”
 
Certain subsidiaries have recourse liability for project debt which is non-recourse to Covanta Energy as of June 30, 2006 as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
         
Niagara Series 2001 Bonds
  $ 165,010  
Seconn Corporate Credit Bonds
    43,500  
Hempstead Corporate Credit Bonds
    42,670  
 
International Project Debt
 
Financing for projects in which Covanta Energy has an ownership or operating interest is generally accomplished through commercial loans from local lenders or financing arranged through international banks, bonds issued to institutional investors and from multilateral lending institutions based in the United States. Such debt is generally secured by the revenues generated by the project and other project assets and is without recourse to CPIH or Covanta Energy. Project debt relating to two CPIH projects in India is included as “Project debt (short- and long-term)” in Covanta’s condensed consolidated financial statements. In most projects, the instruments defining the rights of debt holders generally provide that the project subsidiary may not make distributions to its parent until periodic debt service obligations are satisfied and other financial covenants complied with.
 
Other Services Segment
 
Net cash used by operating activities was $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 primarily due to Covanta’s executed agreements with the California Commissioner as discussed in the Overview discussion above. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, Covanta, on a parent-only basis, held cash and investments of approximately $62 million, an increase of $22.4 million from December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to proceeds received on February 24, 2006 from the 9.25% offering in which 5,696,911 shares were issued for $20.8 million in net proceeds as described in Note 12. Stockholders’ Equity of the Notes. Of the $62 million held in cash and investments, $55.2 million was available to pay general corporate expenses and for general working capital purposes. Covanta is required to maintain a separate cash fund of approximately $6.6 million to provide potential liquidity to its insurance business. Cash deposited for this purpose is restricted and is not available for general corporate expenses or for working capital requirements.
 
Cash used in operations from the insurance business was $2.7 million and $6.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The ongoing use of cash in operations was due to the insurance business continuing to make payments related to discontinued lines and territories in excess of premium receipts from existing lines. This negative cash flow restricted the insurance business from fully re-investing bond maturity proceeds and in some circumstances required the sale of bonds in order to meet obligations as they arose. Cash provided from investing activities was $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 compared with $8.2 million for the comparable period in 2005. The $4.4 million decrease in cash provided by investing activities in 2006 was due to a reduction in reinvestment activity in conjunction with reduced premium production. There were no financing activities related to Covanta’s insurance business in either six-month period ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.
 
Covanta’s insurance business, which comprises a portion of Covanta’s Other Services segment, requires both readily liquid assets and adequate capital to meet ongoing obligations to policyholders and claimants, as well as to pay ordinary operating expenses. The insurance business meets both its short-term and long-term liquidity requirements through operating cash flows that include premium receipts, investment income and reinsurance recoveries. To the extent operating cash flows do not provide sufficient cash flow, the insurance business relies on the sale of invested assets. Its investment policy guidelines require that all loss and LAE liabilities be matched by a comparable amount of investment grade assets. Covanta believes that the insurance business has both adequate capital resources and sufficient reinsurance to meet its current operating requirements.


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CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
 
Covanta believes that when combined with its other sources of liquidity, Covanta Energy’s operations generate sufficient cash to meet operational needs, capital expenditures, and debt service due prior to maturity. Management will also seek to enhance Covanta Energy’s cash flow from renewals or replacement of existing contracts, from new contracts to expand existing facilities or operate additional facilities and by investing in new projects. Covanta Energy’s financing arrangements place certain restrictions on its ability to make investments in new projects or expansions of existing projects.
 
Covanta’s projected contractual obligations are consistent with amounts disclosed in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, with the exception of changes resulting from the amended credit agreements described above and the reduction of certain other long-term obligations. For additional information, see Note 10. Other Noncurrent Liabilities and Note 12. Changes in Capitalization of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table summarizes Covanta’s gross contractual obligations as of June 30, 2006 (in thousands of dollars):
 
                                         
          Payments Due by Period  
          Remainder
                2011 and
 
    Total     of 2006     2007 to 2008     2009 to 2010     Beyond  
 
Domestic Covanta project debt
  $ 1,391,924     $ 75,635     $ 294,218     $ 319,710     $ 702,361  
CPIH project debt
    79,617       22,009       24,824       27,690       5,094  
                                         
Total project debt
    1,471,541       97,644       319,042       347,400       707,455  
First Lien Term Loan facility
    369,312       1,847       7,386       7,386       352,693  
Second Lien Term Loan facility
    260,000                         260,000  
6.26% senior notes
    211,600       19,635       61,965       17,000       113,000  
8.5% senior secured notes
    195,785                   195,785        
7.375% senior secured notes
    224,100                   224,100        
Other long-term debt
    135       63       72              
                                         
Total debt obligations of Covanta(1)
    2,732,473       119,189       388,465       791,671       1,433,148  
Less: Non-recourse debt(2)
    2,103,161       117,342       381,079       784,285       820,455  
                                         
Covanta recourse debt
  $ 629,312     $ 1,847     $ 7,386     $ 7,386     $ 612,693  
Operating leases
    430,746       17,018       67,390       93,141       253,197  
Less: Non-recourse rental payments
    256,528       7,778       35,028       46,427       167,295  
                                         
Covanta recourse rental payments
  $ 174,218     $ 9,240     $ 32,362     $ 46,714     $ 85,902  
Interest payments(3)
    1,012,473       95,613       341,079       277,476       298,305  
Less: Non-recourse interest payments
    607,939       64,546       219,603       159,346       164,444  
                                         
Covanta recourse interest payments
  $ 404,534     $ 31,067     $ 121,476     $ 118,130     $ 133,861  
Retirement plan obligations(4)
  $ 23,919     $ 8,972     $ 3,584     $ 3,673     $ 7,690  
Other long-term obligations
  $ 8,717     $     $     $     $ 8,717  
                                         
Total Covanta contractual obligations
  $ 1,240,700     $ 51,126     $ 164,808     $ 175,903     $ 848,863  
                                         
 
 
(1) Excludes $77 million of Covanta Energy’s unamortized debt premium.
 
(2) Payment obligations for the project debt associated with waste-to-energy facilities owned by Covanta Energy are limited recourse to the operating subsidiary and non-recourse to Covanta Energy, subject to operating performance guarantees and commitments.
 
(3) Interest payments and letter of credit fees are estimated based on current rates.
 
(4) Retirement plan obligations are based on actuarial estimates for the defined contribution plan, pension plan obligations and post-retirement plan obligations as of December 31, 2005.


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Other Commitments
 
Covanta Energy’s other commitments as of June 30, 2006 were as follows (in thousands of dollars):
 
                         
    Commitments Expiring by Period  
          Less Than
    More Than
 
    Total     One Year     One Year  
 
Letters of credit
  $ 293,175     $ 19,827     $ 273,348  
Surety bonds
    51,651       49,475       2,176  
                         
Total other commitments — net
  $ 344,826     $ 69,302     $ 275,524  
                         
 
The letters of credit were issued pursuant to the facilities to secure Covanta Energy’s performance under various contractual undertakings related to its domestic and international projects, or to secure obligations under its insurance program. Each letter of credit relating to a project is required to be maintained in effect for the period specified in related project contracts, and generally may be drawn if it is not renewed prior to expiration of that period.
 
As of June 30, 2006, Covanta Energy had approximately $30.5 million in available capacity for additional letters of credit under its funded letter of credit facility and $90 million available capacity for letters of credit under its revolving credit facility. Covanta Energy believes that it will be able to fully perform its contracts to which these existing letters of credit relate, and that it is unlikely that letters of credit would be drawn because of a default of its performance obligations. If any of Covanta Energy’s letters of credit were to be drawn under its current debt facilities, the amount drawn would be immediately repayable to the issuing bank. If Covanta Energy were unable to immediately repay such amounts drawn under letters of credit, unreimbursed amounts would be treated under the credit facilities as additional term loans.
 
The surety bonds listed on the table above relate primarily to performance obligations under contracts ($42 million) and possible closure costs for various energy projects when such projects cease operating ($9.6 million). Were these bonds to be drawn upon, Covanta Energy would have a contractual obligation to indemnify the surety company.
 
Covanta Energy and certain of its subsidiaries have issued or are party to performance guarantees and related contractual support obligations undertaken mainly pursuant to agreements to construct and operate certain waste-to-energy facilities and a water facility. With respect to its domestic businesses, Covanta Energy and certain of its subsidiaries have issued guarantees to municipal clients and other parties that Covanta Energy’s subsidiaries will perform in accordance with contractual terms, including, where required, the payment of damages or other obligations. Such contractual damages or other obligations could be material, and in circumstances where one or more subsidiary’s contract has been terminated for its default, such damages could include amounts sufficient to repay project debt. For facilities owned by municipal clients and operated by Covanta Energy, Covanta Energy’s potential maximum liability as of June 30, 2006 associated with the repayment of the municipalities’ project debt on such facilities was in excess of $1 billion. This amount was not recorded as a liability in Covanta Energy’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2006 as Covanta Energy believes that it had not incurred such liability at the date of the financial statements. Additionally, damages payable under such guarantees on Covanta Energy-owned waste-to-energy facilities could expose Covanta Energy to recourse liability on project debt. Covanta Energy also believes that it has not incurred such liabilities at the date of the financial statements. If Covanta Energy is asked to perform under one or more of such guarantees, its liability for damages upon contract termination would be reduced by funds held in trust and proceeds from sales of the facilities securing the project debt, which is presently not estimable.
 
With respect to its international businesses, Covanta Energy has issued guarantees on behalf of certain of CPIH’s operating subsidiaries with respect to contractual obligations to operate independent power projects. The potential damages owed under such arrangements for international projects may be material.
 
Depending upon the circumstances giving rise to such domestic and international damages, the contractual terms of the applicable contracts, and the contract counterparty’s choice of remedy at the time a claim against a guarantee is made, the amounts owed pursuant to one or more of such guarantees could be greater than Covanta


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Energy’s then-available sources of funds. To date, Covanta Energy has not incurred material liabilities under its guarantees, either on domestic or international projects.
 
Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies
 
In preparing its condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, Covanta is required to use its judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in its financial statements and related notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Many of Covanta’s critical accounting policies are those subject to significant judgments and uncertainties which could potentially result in materially different results under different conditions and assumptions. Future events rarely develop exactly as forecast, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. See Covanta’s Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies in Item 7 of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
Effective January 1, 2006, Covanta adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”) using the modified prospective transition method and therefore has not restated results for prior periods. Under this transition method, stock-based compensation expense for the first six months of fiscal 2006 included compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provision of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted after December 31, 2005 is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R.
 
Management must use subjective assumptions in calculating the fair value of its share-based payment awards including the expected life of the award and stock price volatility. In addition, management must also estimate expected forfeitures and the probability of achieving specific performance factors affecting the vesting of its share-based awards. Based on Covanta’s current share-based awards, management’s estimate of a forfeiture rate and determination of achieving stated performance vesting factors will have the most significant impact on the compensation cost it must recognize. Covanta recognized compensation expense based upon the number of stock options and restricted stock awards expected to vest, which was determined based on historical turnover experience of various Covanta Energy employee populations from the Covanta Energy pension plan. Covanta will review its forfeiture rate annually and revise its compensation expense, if necessary. Covanta recognizes these compensation costs using the graded vesting attribution method over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting term of three years.
 
Beginning in the second quarter of 2006, Covanta adopted the permanent reinvestment exception under APB Opinion No. 23, “Accounting for Income Taxes — Special Areas” whereby Covanta will no longer provide deferred taxes on the undistributed earnings of its international subsidiaries. Covanta intends to permanently reinvest its international earnings outside of the United States in its existing international operations and in any new international business it may develop or acquire.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
See Note 2. New Accounting Pronouncements of the Notes for information related to new accounting pronouncements.
 
ITEM 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
In the normal course of business, Covanta’s subsidiaries are party to financial instruments that are subject to market risks arising from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodity prices. Covanta’s use of derivative instruments is very limited and it does not enter into derivative instruments for trading purposes.


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Except as described below, management believes there have been no material changes during the six months ended June 30, 2006 to the items discussed in Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
Interest Rate Swaps
 
Covanta Energy is required to enter into hedging arrangements with respect to a portion of its exposure to interest rate changes with respect to its borrowing under the Credit Facilities. On July 8, 2005, Covanta Energy entered into two pay fixed, receive floating interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $300 million. On March 21, 2006, Covanta entered into one additional pay fixed, receive floating interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $37.5 million. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and accordingly, unrealized gains or losses will be deferred in other comprehensive income until the hedged cash flows affect earnings. Covanta Energy does not seek to make a profit from changes in interest rates. Covanta Energy manages interest rate sensitivity by measuring potential increases in interest expense that would result from a probable change in interest rates. When the potential increase in interest expense exceeds an acceptable amount, Covanta Energy reduces risk by entering into interest rate swap agreements. The impact of the swaps was to decrease interest expense for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2006 by $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2006, the net after-tax deferred gain in other comprehensive income was $4.6 million ($6.8 million before income taxes) which was recorded in other assets.
 
ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Covanta’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Covanta’s disclosure controls and procedures, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act as of June 30, 2006. Covanta’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed by Covanta in reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Covanta’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Accordingly, Covanta’s management has concluded that Covanta’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2006.
 
Covanta’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that its disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide such reasonable assurance.
 
Covanta’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, they cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Covanta have been prevented or detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by unauthorized override of the control. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.
 
During the three month period ending June 30, 2006, Covanta began implementation of a new operating system for the recording of information relating to its business. That effort is underway and is expected to continue into 2007. Covanta initiated this effort as part of a routine system upgrade and as part of its integration efforts related to the ARC Holdings acquisition. Covanta believes the new operating system, when fully implemented, will maintain and enhance its system of internal controls over financial reporting and its ability to record, process,


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summarize and report information required to be disclosed within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
 
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
See Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
ITEM 1A.   RISK FACTORS
 
There have been no material changes during the six months ended June 30, 2006 to the items discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in Covanta’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
 
ITEM 2.   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
None.
 
ITEM 3.   DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None.
 
ITEM 4.   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
Covanta held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 31, 2006. At that meeting, stockholders voted on the following proposals:
 
1. To elect ten directors to serve a one-year term that will expire at the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The votes cast for each director were as follows:
 
                 
Directors
  For   Withheld
 
David M. Barse
    122,766,528       11,419,262  
Ronald Broglio
    133,194,616       991,174  
Peter C.B. Bynoe
    133,194,717       991,073  
Richard Huber
    132,858,890       1,326,900  
Anthony J. Orlando
    133,157,379       1,028,411  
William C. Pate
    128,840,180       5,345,610  
Robert Silberman
    133,193,243       992,547  
Jean Smith
    132,875,191       1,310,599  
Clayton Yeutter
    128,888,305       5,297,485  
Samuel Zell
    128,582,835       5,602,955  
 
2. To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the independent auditors of the Company for the 2006 fiscal year.
 
                     
Votes For   Votes Against   Abstentions
 
  133,870,446       239,786       75,558  
 
ITEM 5.   OTHER INFORMATION
 
(a) None.
 
(b) Not applicable.


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ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS
 
         
Exhibit
   
Number
 
Description
 
  10 .1†   Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2006, among Covanta Energy Corporation, Covanta Holding Corporation as a guarantor, certain subsidiaries of Covanta Energy Corporation as guarantors, various lenders, Goldman Sachs Credit Partners L.P., as Sole Lead Arranger, Sole Book Runner and Sole Syndication Agent, Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Co-Documentation Agent, Revolving Issuing Bank and a Funded LC Issuing Bank, UBS Securities LLC, as Co-Documentation Agent, UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as a Funded LC Issuing Bank, and Calyon New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Covanta Holding Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 26, 2006 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2006).
         
     
  10 .2†   Amendment to Second Lien Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2006, among Covanta Energy Corporation, Covanta Holding Corporation and the parties signatory thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Covanta Holding Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 26, 2006 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2006).
         
     
  10 .3†   Amendment and Limited Waiver to Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2006, among Covanta Energy Corporation, Goldman Sachs Credit Partners L.P., as Collateral Agent under the First Lien Credit Agreement, Credit Suisse, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent for the Second Lien Credit Agreement and as Collateral Agent for the Parity Lien Claimholders (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Covanta Holding Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 26, 2006 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 2006).
         
     
  10 .4†*   Form of Covanta Holding Corporation Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Covanta Holding Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 31, 2006 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 2, 2006).
         
     
  31 .1   Certification pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Executive Officer.
         
     
  31 .2   Certification pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Financial Officer.
         
     
  32     Certification of periodic financial report pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
 
 
Not filed herewith, but incorporated herein by reference.
 
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.


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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Covanta Holding Corporation
(Registrant)
 
  By: 
/s/  Craig D. Abolt
Craig D. Abolt
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
  By: 
/s/  Thomas E. Bucks
Thomas E. Bucks
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
 
Date: August 3, 2006


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