As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2008

Registration No. 333-148572

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO

Form S-1

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

 

 

Omeros Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

 

 

1420 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2600

Seattle, Washington 98101

(206) 676-5000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

 

 

Gregory A. Demopulos, M.D.

President, Chief Executive Officer,

Chief Medical Officer and

Chairman of the Board of Directors

Omeros Corporation

1420 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2600

Seattle, Washington 98101

(206) 676-5000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

 

 

Please send copies of all communications

to:

 

 

 

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:  As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.  o

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

Subject to Completion, Dated April 1, 2008

 

Omeros Corporation

 

 

 

 

		Per Share		Total
Public offering price		$		$
Underwriting discounts and commissions		$		$
Proceeds, before expenses, to Omeros Corporation		$		$

Leerink Swann	Needham & Company, LLC

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of shares of our common stock. Except where the context requires otherwise, in this prospectus the “Company,” “Omeros,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Omeros Corporation, a Washington corporation, and, where appropriate, its subsidiary.

 

For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of shares of common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

 

Market Data

 

This prospectus contains market data regarding the healthcare industry that we obtained from Sharon O’Reilly Consulting, or SOR Consulting, Thomson Healthcare and The Reimbursement Group. The market data regarding the number of arthroscopic operations, including knee arthroscopy operations, performed in the United States in 2006 is from SOR Consulting. Ms. O’Reilly is the founder of Medtech Insight, a market research firm that she left in 2007. Medtech Insight did not provide any of the data used in this prospectus. The market data regarding the number of cataract and uroendscopic operations performed in the United States in 2006 is from Thomson Healthcare. In addition, our conclusions regarding the potential reimbursement of our PharmacoSurgery^TM product candidates are based on reports that we commissioned from The Reimbursement Group, or TRG. Although we believe that all of these reports and data are reliable, we have not independently verified any of this information.

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

	•	obtain regulatory approval for our PharmacoSurgery product candidates OMS103HP, OMS302 and OMS201;
	•	maximize commercial opportunity for our PharmacoSurgery product candidates OMS103HP, OMS302 and OMS201;
	•	continue to leverage our business model to mitigate risk by combining our multiple late-stage PharmacoSurgery product candidates with our deep and diverse pipeline of preclinical development programs;
	•	further expand our broad patent portfolio; and
	•	manage our business with continued efficiency and discipline, while continuing to evaluate opportunities and acquire technologies that meet our business objectives.

	•	We are largely dependent on the success of our PharmacoSurgery product candidates, particularly our lead product candidate, OMS103HP, and our clinical trials may fail to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of OMS103HP or our other PharmacoSurgery product candidates. If a clinical trial fails, if regulatory approval is delayed or if additional clinical trials are required, our development costs may increase and we will not have the anticipated revenue from that product candidate to fund our operations.
	•	We are a clinical-stage company with no product revenue and no products approved for marketing. The regulatory approval process is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain, and our product candidates have not been, and may not be, approved for sale by regulatory authorities. Even if approved for sale by the appropriate regulatory authorities, our products may not achieve market acceptance and we may never achieve profitability.
	•	Our preclinical development programs may not generate product candidates that are suitable for clinical testing or that can be successfully commercialized.
	•	Our patents may not adequately protect our present and future product candidates or permit us to gain or keep a competitive advantage. Our pending patents for our present and future product candidates may not be issued.

Shares of common stock offered by us		shares
Shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering		shares
Use of proceeds		We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund (1) the completion of our Phase 3 clinical trials for OMS103HP and the submission of the related NDA(s) to the FDA, (2) the launch and commercialization of OMS103HP, (3) the clinical development of OMS302 and OMS201, (4) the development of our pipeline of preclinical programs and (5) working capital, capital expenditures, potential acquisitions of products or technologies and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Proposed NASDAQ Global Market symbol		OMER

	•	5,908,182 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding at December 31, 2007, at a weighted-average exercise price of $0.66 per share;

	•	46,200 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options granted from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008, at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.38 per share;

	•	387,030 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2007, which will automatically terminate upon the closing of this offering if not exercised, at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.25 per share; and

	•	22,613 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2007, which will not automatically terminate upon the closing of this offering, at a weighted-average exercise price of $4.66 per share.

	•	1,748,800 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2008 Equity Incentive Plan.

	•	the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock into 22,327,407 shares of common stock, effective upon the completion of this offering;

	•	the conversion of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our convertible preferred stock into warrants to purchase 409,643 shares of common stock, effective upon the completion of this offering;

	•	the issuance of           shares of common stock pursuant to the cashless net exercise of warrants that will automatically terminate upon the closing of this offering based on the assumed initial public offering price of $      (the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); and
	•	no exercise by the underwriters of their right to purchase additional shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, if any.

														Period from June 16,
														1994
														(Inception) to
		Year Ended December 31,												December 31,
		2007				2006				2005				2007
		(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Grant revenue			$  1,923				$  200				$  —				$  2,223
Operating expenses:
Research and development			15,922				9,637				5,803				44,384
Acquired in-process research and development			—				10,891				—				10,891
General and administrative			10,398				3,625				1,904				24,638
Total operating expenses			26,320				24,153				7,707				79,913
Loss from operations			(24,397	)			(23,953	)			(7,707	)			(77,690	)
Investment income			1,582				1,088				333				4,502
Other income (expense)			(125	)			179				8				62
Interest expense			(151	)			(91	)			—				(294	)
Net loss			$  (23,091)			$	(22,777	)			$ (7,366)			$	(73,420	)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share			$  (5.44)				$ (6.17)				$ (2.12)
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share			4,248,212				3,694,388				3,468,886
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share (unaudited)			$  (0.82)
Weighted-average shares used to compute pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share (unaudited)			27,398,105

		As of December 31, 2007
										Pro Forma
						Pro				As
		Actual				Forma				Adjusted (1)
						(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		$	24,082			$	24,082
Working capital			16,526				16,526
Total assets			27,162				27,162
Total debt			1,010				1,010
Preferred stock warrant liability			1,562				—
Convertible preferred stock			89,168				—
Deficit accumulated during the development stage			(73,420	)			(73,420	)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)			(69,941	)			20,789

(1)		A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $      would increase (decrease) each of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, working capital, total assets and total shareholders’ equity (deficit) by $      , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing the risks described below, you should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding to purchase any shares of our common stock.

 

Risks Related to Our Product Candidates and Operations

 

Our success largely depends on the success of our lead PharmacoSurgery^tm product candidate, OMS103HP, and we cannot be certain that it will receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized. If we are unable to commercialize OMS103HP, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

 

We are a biopharmaceutical company with no products approved for commercial sale and we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant costs relating to the clinical development and commercialization of our lead product candidate, OMS103HP, for use during arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, reconstruction surgery as well as arthroscopic meniscectomy surgery. We have not yet obtained regulatory approval to market this product candidate for ACL reconstruction surgery, arthroscopic meniscectomy surgery or any other indication in any jurisdiction and we may never be able to obtain approval or, if approvals are obtained, to commercialize this product candidate successfully. If OMS103HP does not receive regulatory approval for ACL reconstruction surgery or arthroscopic meniscectomy surgery, or if it is not successfully commercialized for one or both uses, we may not be able to generate revenue, become profitable, fund the development of our other product candidates or preclinical development programs or continue our operations.

 

We do not know whether our clinical trials for OMS103HP will be completed on schedule or result in regulatory approval or in a marketable product. If approved for commercialization, we do not anticipate that OMS103HP will reach the market until 2010 at the earliest.

 

Our success is also dependent on the success of our additional PharmacoSurgery product candidates, OMS302 and OMS201, and we cannot be certain that either will advance through clinical testing, receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized.

 

In addition to OMS103HP, our success will depend on the successful commercialization of one or both of two additional PharmacoSurgery product candidates, OMS302 and OMS201. In January 2008, we submitted an Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, to begin a clinical study of OMS302 evaluating the safety and efficacy of OMS302 in patients undergoing cataract surgery. In addition, we are currently conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety and systemic absorption of OMS201 when used during ureteroscopy for removal of ureteral or renal stones. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs relating to the clinical development and commercialization of these PharmacoSurgery product candidates. We have not obtained regulatory approval to market these product candidates for any indication in any jurisdiction and we may never be able to obtain approval or, if approvals are obtained, to commercialize these product candidates successfully. If OMS302 and OMS201 do not receive regulatory

approval, or if they are not successfully commercialized, we may not be able to generate revenue, become profitable, fund the development of our other product candidates or our preclinical programs or continue our operations.

 

We do not know whether our planned and current clinical trials for OMS302 and OMS201 will be completed on schedule, if at all. In addition, we do not know whether any of our clinical trials will be successful or result in approval of either product for marketing.

 

We have a history of operating losses and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.

 

We have not been profitable and have generated substantial operating losses since we were incorporated in June 1994. We had net losses of approximately $23.1 million, $22.8 million, and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $73.4 million. We expect to incur additional losses for at least the next several years and cannot be certain that we will ever achieve profitability. As a result, our business is subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of a new business enterprise, such as the risks that we may be unable to obtain additional capital needed to support the preclinical and clinical expenses of development and commercialization of our product candidates, to develop a market for our potential products, to successfully transition from a company with a research and development focus to a company capable of commercializing our product candidates and to attract and retain qualified management as well as technical and scientific staff.

 

We are subject to extensive government regulation, including the requirement of approval before our products may be manufactured or marketed.

 

Both before and after approval of our product candidates, we, our product candidates, and our suppliers and contract manufacturers are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries, covering, among other things, testing, manufacturing, quality control, labeling, advertising, promotion, distribution, and import and export. Failure to comply with applicable requirements could result in, among other things, one or more of the following actions: warning letters; fines and other monetary penalties; unanticipated expenditures; delays in approval or refusal to approve a product candidate; product recall or seizure; interruption of manufacturing or clinical trials; operating restrictions; injunctions; and criminal prosecution. We or the FDA may suspend or terminate human clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.

 

Our product candidates cannot be marketed in the United States without FDA approval. The FDA has not approved any of our product candidates for sale in the United States. All of our product candidates are in development, and will have to be approved by the FDA before they can be marketed in the United States. Obtaining FDA approval requires substantial time, effort, and financial resources, and may be subject to both expected and unforeseen delays, and there can be no assurance that any approval will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.

 

The FDA may decide that our data are insufficient for approval of our product candidates and require additional preclinical, clinical or other studies. As we develop our product candidates, we periodically discuss with the FDA clinical, regulatory and manufacturing matters, and our views may, at times, differ from those of the FDA. For example, the FDA has questioned whether our studies evaluating OMS103HP in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery are adequately designed to evaluate efficacy. If these studies fail to demonstrate efficacy, we will be required to provide additional information, including possibly the results of additional clinical trials. Also, the FDA regulates those of our product candidates consisting of two or more active ingredients as combination drugs under its Combination Drug Policy. The Combination Drug Policy requires that we demonstrate that each active ingredient

in a drug product contributes to the product’s effectiveness. The FDA has questioned the means by which we intend to demonstrate such contribution and whether available data and information demonstrate contribution for each active ingredient in OMS103HP. If we are unable to resolve these questions, we may be required to provide additional information, which may include the results of additional preclinical studies or clinical trials.

 

If we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of our product candidates beyond those that we currently contemplate for regulatory approval, if we are unable to successfully complete our clinical trials or other testing, or if the results of these and other trials or tests fail to demonstrate efficacy or raise safety concerns, we may be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidates, or may never be able to obtain marketing approval.

 

Even if regulatory approval of a product candidate is obtained, such approval may be subject to significant limitations on the indicated uses for which that product may be marketed, conditions of use, and/or significant post approval obligations, including additional clinical trials. These regulatory requirements may, among other things, limit the size of the market for the product. Even after approval, discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, manufacturer, or facility, such as previously undiscovered side effects, may result in restrictions on any product, manufacturer, or facility, including, among other things, a possible withdrawal of approval of the product.

 

If our clinical trials are delayed, we may be unable to develop our product candidates on a timely basis, which may increase our development costs and could delay the potential commercialization of our products and the subsequent receipt of revenue from sales, if any.

 

We cannot predict whether we will encounter problems with any of our completed, ongoing or planned clinical trials that will cause regulatory agencies, institutional review boards or us to delay our clinical trials or suspend or delay the analysis of the data from those trials. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including:

 

 

In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:

 

 

Changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur and we may need to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes. Amendments may require us to resubmit our clinical trial protocols to institutional review boards for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial. If the results of our clinical trials are not available when we expect or if we encounter any delay in the analysis of data from our clinical trials, we may be unable to file for regulatory approval or conduct additional clinical trials on the schedule we currently anticipate. Any delays in completing our clinical trials may increase our development costs, would slow down our product development and approval process, would delay our receipt of product revenue and would make it difficult to raise additional capital. Many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate. In addition, significant clinical trial delays also could allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do and impair our ability to commercialize our future products and may harm our business.

 

If we are unable to raise additional capital when needed or on acceptable terms, we may be unable to complete the development and commercialization of OMS103HP and our other product candidates, or continue our other preclinical development programs.

 

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts to:

 

 

Our clinical trials for OMS103HP may be delayed for many of the reasons discussed in these “Risk Factors,” which would increase the development expenses of OMS103HP and may require us to raise additional capital beyond what we raise in this offering to complete the clinical development and commercialization of OMS103HP and to decrease spending on our other clinical and preclinical development programs. We have no commitments for additional funding and cannot be certain that it will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may restrict our operations as further described in the following risk factor, and any debt securities we may issue may have rights that are senior to holders of our common stock. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates or one or more of our other research and development initiatives. We also could be required to seek collaborators for one or more of our current or future product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than otherwise might be available; or relinquish or license on unfavorable terms our rights to technologies or product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves. Any of these events could significantly harm our business and prospects and could cause our stock price to decline.

 

If we raise additional capital through debt financing, the terms of our debt could restrict our ability to operate our business.

 

If we raise additional capital beyond what we raise in this offering, we may raise the capital through debt financing, if available. Any debt financing may require us to pledge our assets as collateral or involve restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, limitations on our ability to acquire or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could significantly limit our operating and financial flexibility and limit our ability to respond to changes in our business or competitive activities.

 

Our lead product candidate OMS103HP or future product candidates may never achieve market acceptance even if we obtain regulatory approvals.

 

Even if we receive regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of our lead product candidate OMS103HP or future product candidates, the commercial success of these product candidates will depend on, among other things, their acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors and other members of the medical community. If our product candidates fail to gain market acceptance, we may be unable to earn sufficient revenue to continue our business. Market acceptance of, and demand for, any product candidate that we may develop and commercialize will depend on many factors, including:

 

 

 

 

 

The number of operations in which our PharmacoSurgery products, if approved, would be used may be significantly less than the total number of operations performed according to the market data obtained from industry sources. If our lead product candidate OMS103HP or future product candidates do not become widely accepted by physicians, patients, third-party payors and other members of the medical community, it is unlikely that we will ever become profitable, and if we are unable to increase market penetration of OMS103HP or our other product candidates, our growth will be significantly harmed.

 

We rely on third parties to conduct portions of our preclinical research and clinical trials. If these third parties do not perform as contractually required or otherwise expected, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates.

 

We rely on third parties, such as CROs and research institutions, to conduct a portion of our preclinical research. We also rely on third parties, such as medical institutions, clinical investigators and CROs, to assist us in conducting our clinical trials. Nonetheless, we are responsible for confirming that our preclinical research is conducted in accordance with applicable regulations, and that our clinical trials are conducted in accordance with applicable regulations, the relevant protocol and within the context of approvals by an institutional review board. Our reliance on these third parties does not relieve us of responsibility for ensuring compliance with FDA regulations and standards for conducting, monitoring, recording and reporting the results of preclinical research and clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the trial participants are adequately protected. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, if the third parties need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to their failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our preclinical and clinical development processes may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.

 

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may be unable to generate product revenue.

 

We do not have a sales and marketing organization and have no experience in the sales, marketing and distribution of biopharmaceutical products. Developing an internal sales force is expensive and time-consuming and should be commenced 12 to 18 months in advance of product launch. Any delay in developing an internal sales force could impact the timing of any product launch. If we enter into arrangements with third parties to perform sales, marketing and distribution services, our product revenues are likely to be lower than if we market and sell any approved product candidates that we develop ourselves. Factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our approved product candidates without collaboration partners include:

 

 

 

If we are unsuccessful in building a sales and marketing infrastructure or unable to partner with one or more third parties to perform sales and marketing services for our product candidates, we will have difficulty commercializing our product candidates, which would adversely affect our business and financial condition.

 

We have no ability to manufacture clinical or commercial supplies of our product candidates and currently intend to rely solely on third parties to manufacture clinical and commercial supplies of all of our product candidates.

 

We currently do not intend to manufacture our product candidates for our clinical trials or on a commercial scale and intend to rely on third parties to do so. Our clinical supplies of OMS103HP have been manufactured in a freeze-dried, or lyophilized, form by Catalent Pharma Solutions, Inc. in its Albuquerque, New Mexico facility. We have not entered into a binding agreement with Catalent for the commercial supply of lyophilized OMS103HP, and cannot be certain that we will be able to do so on commercially reasonable terms. Qualification of any other facility to manufacture lyophilized OMS103HP would require transfer of manufacturing methods, the production of an additional registration batch of lyophilized OMS103HP and the generation of additional stability data, which could delay the availability of commercial supplies of lyophilized OMS103HP.

 

We have also formulated OMS103HP as a liquid solution and, if approved for marketing, intend to launch OMS103HP as a liquid solution. We have entered into an agreement with Hospira Worldwide, Inc. for the commercial supply of liquid OMS103HP. We do not believe that the inactive ingredients in liquid OMS103HP, which are included in the FDA’s Inactive Ingredient Guide due to being present in drug products previously approved for parenteral use, impact its safety or effectiveness. The FDA will require us to provide comparative information and complete a stability study and may require us to conduct additional studies, which we expect would be nonclinical and/or pharmacokinetic studies, to demonstrate that liquid OMS103HP is as safe and effective as lyophilized OMS103HP. Delays or unexpected results in these studies could delay the commercial availability of liquid OMS103HP. Any significant delays in the manufacture of clinical or commercial supplies could materially harm our business and prospects.

 

If the contract manufacturers that we rely on experience difficulties with manufacturing our product candidates or fail FDA inspections, our clinical trials, regulatory submissions and ability to commercialize our product candidates and generate revenue may be significantly delayed.

 

Contract manufacturers that we select to manufacture our product candidates for clinical testing or for commercial use may encounter difficulties with the small- and large-scale formulation and manufacturing processes required for such manufacture. These difficulties could result in delays in clinical trials, regulatory submissions, or commercialization of our product candidates. Once a product candidate is approved and being marketed, these difficulties could also result in the later recall or withdrawal of the product from the market or failure to have adequate supplies to meet market demand. Even if we are able to establish additional or replacement manufacturers, identifying these sources and entering into definitive supply agreements and obtaining regulatory approvals may require a substantial amount of time and cost and such supply arrangements may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

In addition, we and our contract manufacturers must comply with current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP, requirements strictly enforced by the FDA through its facilities inspection program. These requirements include quality control, quality assurance and the maintenance of records and documentation. We or our contract manufacturers may be unable to comply with cGMP requirements or with other FDA, state, local and foreign regulatory requirements. We have little control over our contract manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards or with their quality control and quality assurance procedures. Large-scale manufacturing processes have been developed only for lyophilized OMS103HP. For the liquid formulation of OMS103HP and our other product candidates, development of large-scale manufacturing processes will require validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. Failure to comply with these requirements by our contract manufacturers could result in the issuance of untitled letters and/or warning letters from authorities, as well as sanctions being imposed on us, including fines and civil penalties, suspension of production, suspension or delay in product approval, product seizure or recall or withdrawal of product approval. If the safety of any product candidate supplied by contract manufacturers is compromised due to their failure to adhere to applicable laws or for other reasons, we may not be able to obtain or maintain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize one or more of our product candidates, which would harm our business and prospects significantly.

 

If one or more of our contract manufacturers were to encounter any of these difficulties or otherwise fail to comply with its contractual obligations, our ability to provide product candidates to patients in our clinical trials or on a commercial scale would be jeopardized. Any delay or interruption in the supply of clinical trial supplies could delay the completion of our clinical trials, increase the costs associated with maintaining our clinical trial programs and, depending on the period of delay, require us to commence new trials at significant additional expense or terminate the trials completely. If we need to change to other commercial manufacturers, the FDA and comparable foreign regulators must first approve these manufacturers’ facilities and processes, which would require new testing and compliance inspections, and the new manufacturers would have to be educated in or independently develop the processes necessary for the production of our product candidates.

 

Ingredients necessary to manufacture our PharmacoSurgery product candidates may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, which may delay the development and commercialization of our product candidates.

 

We must purchase from third-party suppliers the ingredients necessary for our contract manufacturers to produce our PharmacoSurgery product candidates for our clinical trials and, if approved, for commercial distribution. Suppliers may not sell these ingredients to us at the time we need them or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Although we intend to enter into agreements with third-party suppliers that will guarantee the availability and timely delivery of ingredients for our PharmacoSurgery product candidates, we have not yet entered into and we may be unable to secure any such supply agreements or guarantees. Even if we were able to secure such agreements or guarantees, our suppliers may be unable or choose not to provide us the ingredients in a timely manner or in the minimum guaranteed quantities. If we are unable to obtain and then supply these ingredients to our contract manufacturer for our clinical trials, potential regulatory approval of our product candidates would be delayed, significantly impacting our ability to develop our product candidates, which would materially affect our ability to generate revenue from the sale of our product candidates.

We may need licenses for active ingredients from third parties so that we can develop and commercialize some products from some of our current preclinical programs, which could increase our development costs and delay our ability to commercialize products.

 

Should we decide to use active ingredients in any of our product candidates that are proprietary to one or more third parties, we would need to obtain licenses to those active ingredients from those third parties. For example, we are likely to use proprietary active ingredients in some product candidates that we develop from our Chondroprotective program and possibly in some of our future CNS product candidates. We do not have licenses to any of the proprietary active ingredients we may elect to use in these programs. If we are unable to access rights to these active ingredients prior to preclinical toxicology studies intended to support clinical trials, we may need to develop alternate product candidates from these programs by either accessing or developing alternate active ingredients, resulting in increased development costs and delays in commercialization of these product candidates. If we are unable to access rights to the desired active ingredients on commercially reasonable terms or develop suitable alternate active ingredients, we may not be able to commercialize product candidates from these programs.

 

Our ability to pursue the development and commercialization of product candidates from our MASP-2 program depends on the continuation of licenses from third parties.

 

Our MASP-2 program is based in part on intellectual property rights that we licensed on a worldwide exclusive basis from the University of Leicester and from the UK Medical Research Council, or MRC. The continued maintenance of these agreements requires us to undertake development activities if and when a clinical candidate has been selected and, if regulatory approval for marketing is obtained, to pay royalties to the University of Leicester and MRC upon commercialization of a MASP-2 product candidate. Our ability to continue development and commercialization of product candidates from our MASP-2 program depends on our maintaining these exclusive licenses, which cannot be assured.

 

Our ability to pursue the development and commercialization of product candidates from our MASP-2 program could be jeopardized by third-party patent rights.

 

Our MASP-2 program is based in part on the results of research conducted by collaborators at MRC, the University of Leicester and Aarhus Universitet, and on intellectual property rights that we licensed on a worldwide exclusive basis from the University of Leicester and from MRC stemming from that collaborative research and from subsequent research performed by the University of Leicester and by MRC. Researchers at Aarhus Universitet have obtained a U.S. Patent that claims antibodies that bind MASP-2, and have filed other patents and patent applications related to MASP-2. While we do not hold any direct license from Aarhus Universitet or its researchers, our license from MRC includes MRC’s joint ownership interest in this U.S. Patent claiming antibodies that bind MASP-2, which joint ownership interest arises from an MRC employee having been added as a named inventor in this patent by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO. We also believe that we hold lawful rights to other patents and patent applications related to MASP-2 filed by researchers at Aarhus Universitet by virtue of our licenses with MRC and the University of Leicester. Our ability to commercialize any anti-MASP-2 antibody product candidate depends on the exclusive licenses we hold from MRC and the University of Leicester to at least joint ownership interest in the patents and patent applications filed by researchers at Aarhus Universitet. We do not know and cannot be certain that researchers at Aarhus Universitet or parties associated with them will not contest our licensed rights to these patents and patent applications filed by researchers at Aarhus Universitet, or that researchers at Aarhus Universitet or parties associated with them will not seek through legal action to block the commercialization of any antibody product candidate from our MASP-2 program. Perfecting, asserting or defending our

rights to this intellectual property may be costly and time-consuming and, if unsuccessful, may limit our ability to pursue the development and commercialization of product candidates from our MASP-2 program.

 

Our ability to pursue the development and commercialization of product candidates from our MASP-2 program depends on third-party antibody developers and manufacturers.

 

Any product candidates from our MASP-2 program would be antibodies and we do not have the internal capability to sequence, hybridize or clone antibodies or to produce antibodies for use in clinical trials or on a commercial scale. We do not have agreements in place with antibody developers or manufacturers and cannot be certain that such agreements could be entered into on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. There are only a limited number of antibody manufacturers. If we are unable to obtain clinical supplies of MASP-2 antibody product candidates, clinical trials or the development of any such product candidate could be substantially delayed until we can find and qualify a manufacturer, which may increase our development costs, slow down our product development and approval process, delay receipt of product revenue and make it difficult to raise additional capital.

 

Our preclinical programs may not produce product candidates that are suitable for clinical trials or that can be successfully commercialized.

 

Any product candidates from our preclinical programs, including our MASP-2, Chondroprotective, PDE10, GPCR and other CNS programs, must successfully complete preclinical testing, which may include demonstrating efficacy and the lack of toxicity in established animal models, before entering clinical trials. Many pharmaceutical and biological product candidates do not successfully complete preclinical testing and, even if preclinical testing is successfully completed, may fail in clinical trials. We cannot be certain that any of our preclinical product development programs will generate product candidates that are suitable for clinical testing, nor can we be certain that any product candidates from our preclinical programs that do advance into clinical trials will successfully demonstrate safety and efficacy in clinical trials.

 

Because we have a number of development programs and are considering a variety of product candidates, we may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular candidate or candidates and fail to capitalize on candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

 

Because we have limited resources, we must focus on preclinical development programs and product candidates that we believe are the most promising. As a result, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or other indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Further, if we do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular product candidate, we may relinquish valuable rights to that product candidate through collaboration, license or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights.

 

It is difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies, and we may not be able to ensure their protection.

 

Our commercial success will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of the use, formulation and structure of our product candidates, and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against potential third-party challenges. Our ability to protect our product candidates from unauthorized making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing by third

parties is dependent upon the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents that cover these activities.

 

The patent positions of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life sciences companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date in the United States, and tests used for determining the patentability of patent claims in all technologies are in flux. The pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life sciences patent situation outside the United States is even more uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Further, the determination that a patent application or patent claim meets all of the requirements for patentability is a subjective determination based on the application of law and jurisprudence. For example, in the United States, a determination of patentability by the USPTO or validity by a court or other trier of fact requires a determination that the claimed invention has utility and is both novel and non-obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of prior known publications and public information, and that the patent specification supporting the claim adequately describes the claimed invention, discloses the best mode known to the inventors for practicing the invention, and discloses the invention in a manner that enables one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. The ultimate determination by the USPTO or by a court of other trier of fact in the United States, or corresponding foreign national patent offices or courts, on whether a claim meets all requirements of patentability cannot be assured. Although we have conducted searches for third-party publications, patents and other information that may impact the patentability of claims in our various patent applications and patents, we cannot be certain that all relevant information has been identified. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or patent applications, our licensed patents or patent applications or in third-party patents.

 

Our issued PharmacoSurgery patents have terms that will expire December 12, 2014 and, if our pending PharmacoSurgery patent applications issue as patents, October 20, 2019 for OMS103HP, July 30, 2023 for OMS302 and March 17, 2026 for OMS201, not taking into account any extensions due to potential adjustment of patent terms resulting from USPTO delays. We cannot assure you that any of these patent applications will issue as patents or of the scope of any claims that may issue from these pending and future patent applications, or the outcome of any proceedings by any potential third parties that could challenge the patentability, validity or enforceability of our patents and patent applications in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, which could limit patent protection for our product candidates and materially harm our business.

 

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage. For example:

 

 

 

In addition, to the extent we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for one of our product candidates or in the event such patent protection expires, it may no longer be cost-effective to extend our portfolio by pursuing additional development of a product candidate for follow-on indications.

 

We also may rely on trade secrets to protect our technologies or products, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. Although we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors, outside scientific collaborators and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. Enforcing a claim that a third-party entity illegally obtained and is using any of our trade secrets is expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how.

 

We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights.

 

If we choose to go to court to stop someone else from using our inventions, that individual or company has the right to ask the court to rule that the underlying patents are invalid or should not be enforced against that third party. These lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other resources even if we were successful in stopping the infringement of these patents. There is also the risk that, even if the validity of these patents is upheld, the court will refuse to stop the other party on the ground that such other party’s activities do not infringe the patents.

 

Further, a third party may claim that we or our contract manufacturers are using inventions covered by the third party’s patent rights and may go to court to stop us from engaging in the alleged infringing activity, including making, using or selling our product candidates. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results of operations and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel. There is a risk that a court would decide that we or our contract manufacturers are infringing the third party’s patents and would order us or our partners to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, there is a risk that a court will order us or our contract manufacturers to pay the other party damages for having violated the other party’s patents. We have indemnified our contract manufacturers against certain patent infringement claims and thus may be responsible for any of their costs associated with such claims and actions. The pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life sciences industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products or methods of use. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the courts and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we were sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our products or methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent or that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in particular, is difficult since it requires clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents.

 

Although we have conducted searches of third-party patents with respect to our OMS103HP, OMS302, OMS201, MASP-2, Chondroprotective, PDE10, GPCR and other CNS

programs, these searches may not have identified all third-party patents relevant to these product candidates. Consequently, we cannot assure you that third-party patents containing claims covering our product candidates, programs, technologies or methods do not exist, have not been filed, or could not be filed or issued. For example, we are aware of a U.S. Patent that claims antibodies that bind MASP-2 and other patents and patent applications related to MASP-2 held by researchers at Aarhus Universitet that are described above in more detail in these “Risk Factors.” Our ability to commercialize any anti-MASP-2 antibody product candidate depends on the exclusive licenses we hold from MRC and the University of Leicester to at least joint ownership interest in the patents and patent applications filed by researchers at Aarhus Universitet.

 

Because some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our patents, our licensors’ patents, our pending applications or our licensors’ pending applications, or that we or our licensors were the first to invent the technology. Our competitors may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering technologies similar to ours. Any such patent application may have priority over our or our licensors’ patent applications and could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies. If another party has filed a U.S. patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the USPTO to determine priority of invention in the United States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position with respect to such inventions.

 

Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the capital necessary to continue our operations.

 

We use hazardous materials in our business and must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive.

 

Our research operations produce hazardous waste products, which include chemicals and radioactive and biological materials. We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local regulations relating to the use, handling, storage and disposal of these materials. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of these materials comply with applicable legal regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be eliminated. We generally contract with third parties for the disposal of such substances and store our low-level radioactive waste at our facilities until the materials are no longer considered radioactive. We may be required to incur further costs to comply with current or future environmental and safety regulations. In addition, although we carry insurance, in the event of accidental contamination or injury from these materials, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed our insurance coverage and other resources.

 

The loss of members of our management team could substantially disrupt our business operations.

 

Our success depends to a significant degree on the continued individual and collective contributions of our management team. The members of our management team are at-will employees, and we do not maintain any key-person life insurance policies except for on the life of Gregory Demopulos, M.D., our president, chief executive officer, chief medical officer and chairman of the board of directors. We have agreed to enter into a new employment

agreement with Dr. Demopulos by May 1, 2009. If we do not enter into a new agreement by that date because of our actions or omissions, we could be in material breach of his current employment agreement, which may entitle Dr. Demopulos to severance benefits described below in “Management — Executive Compensation — Potential Payment upon Termination or Change in Control.” Losing the services of any key member of our management team, whether from death or disability, retirement, competing offers or other causes, could delay execution of our business strategy, cause us to lose a strategic partner, or otherwise materially affect our operations.

 

We rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to maintain our operations or grow effectively.

 

Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. In this regard, in anticipation of increased development and commercialization activities, we plan to increase the total number of our full-time employees from 64 as of March 31, 2008 to approximately 70 to 80 by the end of 2008. If we are unable to hire and train a sufficient number of qualified employees for any reason, we may not be able to implement our current initiatives or grow effectively. We have in the past maintained a rigorous, highly selective and time-consuming hiring process. We believe that our approach to hiring has significantly contributed to our success to date. If we do not succeed in attracting qualified personnel and retaining and motivating existing personnel, our existing operations may suffer and we may be unable to grow effectively.

 

To manage our anticipated future growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. Due to our limited financial resources, we may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations or recruit and train additional qualified personnel. The physical expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or disrupt our operations.

 

We will incur increased costs and demands on management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies, which could affect our operating results.

 

As a public company we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, including costs associated with public company reporting requirements. We also have incurred and will continue to incur costs associated with recently adopted corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as new rules implemented by the SEC and the NASDAQ Stock Market. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We also expect that these new rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage than used to be available. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as our executive officers.

 

Our management has identified a material weakness in our internal controls that, if not properly remediated, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements which could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.

 

We are not currently required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and are therefore not required to make an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal

controls over financial reporting. Further, our independent registered public accounting firm has not been engaged to express, nor has it expressed, an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. However, in connection with our fiscal 2007 financial statement audit, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls as defined by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

The material weakness we identified relates to inadequate segregation of duties in both the accounting and information systems areas. We implemented the following remediation measures in the first quarter of 2008 to improve the effectiveness of our internal controls. Specifically, we:

 

 

 

 

Based on the measures taken and implemented, our management believes that the material weakness in our segregation of duties in the accounting and information systems areas was remediated in the first quarter of 2008.

 

In connection with our fiscal 2006 financial statement audit, we identified material weaknesses in our internal controls related to our periodic financial statement close process and inadequate segregation of duties in both the accounting and information systems areas. During 2007, in response to the material weaknesses identified in 2006, we took the following measures:

 

 

 

 

 

Based on the measures taken and implemented, management believes that the material weaknesses in the financial statement close process was remediated as of December 31, 2007.

 

The material weaknesses that we identified did not relate to the policies and procedures that:

 

 

 

 

We plan to continue to assess our internal controls and procedures and intend to take further action as necessary or appropriate to address any other matters that we identify, including to effect compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 when we are required to make an assessment of our internal controls under Section 404. However, the existence of a material weakness is an indication that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or

detected on a timely basis, and the process of designing and implementing effective internal controls and procedures is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments, and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. We cannot be certain that we will implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. In addition, we cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls will not be discovered in the future.

 

The standards required for a Section 404 analysis under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are significantly more stringent than those for a similar analysis for non-public companies. These more stringent standards require that our audit committee be advised and regularly updated on management’s review of internal controls. Our management may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements that will be applicable to us as a public company. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, management may not be able to assess whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences and could result in a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. In addition, if we fail to develop and maintain effective controls and procedures, we may be unable to provide the required financial information in a timely and reliable manner or otherwise comply with the standards applicable to us as a public company. Any failure by us to provide the required financial information in a timely manner could materially and adversely impact our financial condition and the market value of our securities.

 

Risks Related to Our Industry

 

Our competitors may develop products that are less expensive, safer or more effective, or which may otherwise diminish or eliminate the commercial success of any potential products that we may commercialize.

 

If our competitors market products that are less expensive, safer or more effective than our future products developed from our product candidates, that reach the market before our product candidates, or that otherwise negatively affect the market, we may not achieve commercial success. For example, we are developing PDE10 inhibitors to identify a product candidate for use in the treatment of schizophrenia. Other pharmaceutical companies, many with significantly greater resources than we have, are also developing PDE10 inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia and these companies may be further along in development. The failure of a PDE10 inhibitor product candidate from any of our competitors to demonstrate safety or efficacy in clinical trials may negatively reflect on the ability of our PDE10 inhibitor product candidates under development to demonstrate safety and efficacy. Further, the failure of any future products developed from our product candidates to effectively compete with products marketed by our competitors would impair our ability to generate revenue, which would have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We expect to compete with other biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and our competitors may:

 

 

 

We expect to compete for market share against large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, smaller companies that are collaborating with larger pharmaceutical companies, new companies, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations. In addition, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry is characterized by rapid technological change. Because our research approach integrates many technologies, it may be difficult for us to remain current with rapid changes in each technology. If we fail to stay at the forefront of technological change, we may be unable to compete effectively. Our competitors may render our technologies obsolete by advances in existing technological approaches or the development of new or different approaches, potentially eliminating the advantages in our product discovery process that we believe we derive from our research approach and proprietary technologies and programs. In addition, physicians may continue with their respective current treatment practices, including the use of current preoperative and postoperative treatments, rather than adopt our PharmacoSurgery product candidates.

 

Our product candidates could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our product candidates, if and when any of them are approved.

 

Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, together with the manufacturing processes, post-approval clinical data, and advertising and promotional activities for such product candidate, will be subject to continued regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. Even if regulatory approval of a product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product candidate may be marketed or to the conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product candidate. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with our product candidates or their manufacture, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in:

 

 

If we are slow to adapt, or unable to adapt, to changes in existing regulatory requirements or adoption of new regulatory requirements or policies, we may lose marketing approval for our product candidates when and if any of them are approved.

Failure to obtain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions would prevent us from marketing our products internationally.

 

We intend to have our product candidates marketed outside the United States. In order to market our products in the European Union and many other non-U.S. jurisdictions, we must obtain separate regulatory approvals and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements. We may be unable to file for regulatory approvals and may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market. The approval procedure varies among countries and can involve additional testing and data review. The time required to obtain foreign regulatory approval may differ from that required to obtain FDA approval. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval discussed in these “Risk Factors.” We may not obtain foreign regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory agencies in other countries, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by regulatory agencies in other foreign countries or by the FDA. The failure to obtain these approvals could harm our business.

 

If we are unable to obtain adequate reimbursement from governments or third-party payors for any products that we may develop or if we are unable to obtain acceptable prices for those products, they may not be purchased or used and, as a result, our revenue and prospects for profitability could suffer.

 

Our future revenue and profit will depend heavily upon the availability of adequate reimbursement for the use of our approved product candidates from governmental and other third-party payors, both in the United States and in other countries. Even if we are successful in bringing one or more product candidates to market, these products may not be considered cost-effective, and the amount reimbursed for any product candidates may be insufficient to allow us to sell our product candidates profitably. Reimbursement by a third-party payor may depend on a number of factors, including the third-party payor’s determination that use of a product is:

 

 

Obtaining reimbursement approval for a product from each government or third-party payor is a time-consuming and costly process that will require the build-out of a sufficient staff and could require us to provide supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our products to each payor. Because none of our product candidates have been approved for marketing, we can provide you no assurances at this time regarding their cost-effectiveness and the amount, if any, or method of reimbursement. There may be significant delays in obtaining reimbursement coverage for newly approved product candidates and we may not be able to provide data sufficient to gain acceptance with respect to reimbursement. Even when a payor determines that a product is eligible for reimbursement, coverage may be more limited than the purposes for which the product candidate is approved by the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies. Increasingly, third-party payors who reimburse healthcare costs, such as government and private payors, are requiring that companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list prices, and are challenging the prices charged for medical products. Moreover, eligibility for coverage does not mean that any product candidate will be reimbursed at a rate that allows us to make a profit in all cases, or at a rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacturing, sale and distribution. In non-U.S. jurisdictions, we must obtain separate reimbursement approvals and comply with related foreign legal and regulatory requirements. In some countries, including those in the European

Union, our product candidates may be subject to government price controls. Pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take a considerable amount of time after the receipt of marketing approval for a product candidate. If the reimbursement we are able to obtain for any product candidate we develop is inadequate in light of our development and other costs or is significantly delayed, our business could be materially harmed.

 

Product liability claims may damage our reputation and, if insurance proves inadequate, these claims may harm our business.

 

We may be exposed to the risk of product liability claims that is inherent in the biopharmaceutical industry. A product liability claim may damage our reputation by raising questions about our product candidate’s safety and efficacy and could limit our ability to sell one or more product candidates, if approved, by preventing or interfering with commercialization of our product candidates. In addition, product liability insurance for the biopharmaceutical industry is generally expensive to the extent it is available at all. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain and maintain such insurance on acceptable terms or that we will be able to secure increased coverage if the commercialization of our product candidates progresses, or that future claims against us will be covered by our product liability insurance. Although we currently have product liability insurance coverage for our clinical trials, our insurance coverage may not reimburse us or may be insufficient to reimburse us for any or all expenses or losses we may suffer. A successful claim against us with respect to uninsured liabilities or in excess of insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Risks Related to the Offering

 

An active, liquid and orderly trading market for our common stock may not develop.

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for shares of our common stock. We and the representative of the underwriters will determine the initial public offering price of our common stock through negotiation. This price will not necessarily reflect the price at which investors in the market will be willing to buy and sell our shares following this offering. In addition, the trading price of our common stock following this offering is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include:

 

 

 

From time to time, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other product development goals or milestones. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of scientific studies and clinical trials and the submission of regulatory filings. Also, from time to time, we expect that we will publicly announce the anticipated timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are based on a variety of assumptions. The actual timing of these milestones can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. If we do not meet these milestones as publicly announced, our stock price may decline and the commercialization of our product and product candidates may be delayed.

 

In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of publicly traded companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of companies’ stock, including ours, regardless of actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock shortly following this offering. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

 

Purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of their investment.

 

The initial public offering price of our common stock is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Therefore, if you purchase our common stock in this offering, you will incur an immediate dilution of $      in net tangible book value per share from the price you paid, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $      per share (the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). In addition, investors who purchase shares in this offering will contribute approximately     % of the total amount of equity capital raised through the date of this offering, but will only own approximately     % of the outstanding share capital and approximately     % of the voting rights. The exercise of outstanding options and warrants will result in further dilution. For a further description of the dilution that you will experience immediately after this offering, see “Dilution.”

 

Future sales of shares by existing shareholders could cause our stock price to decline.

 

If our existing shareholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the lock-up and other legal restrictions on resale discussed in this prospectus lapse, the trading price of our common stock could decline. Based on shares outstanding as of December 31, 2007, upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding a total of           shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Of these shares, only the shares of common stock sold in this offering by us will be freely tradable, without restriction, in the public market. The representative of the underwriters may, in its sole discretion, release our officers, directors and other current shareholders from these contractual lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of these agreements.

 

We expect that the lock-up agreements pertaining to this offering will expire 180 days from the date of this prospectus, although those lock-up agreements may be extended for up to an

additional 34 days under certain circumstances. After the lock-up agreements expire, up to an additional           shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock will be eligible for sale in the public market,           of which shares of common stock are held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates and will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act and various vesting agreements. In addition,           shares of common stock that are either subject to outstanding options or reserved for future issuance under our employee benefit plans will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting agreements, the lock-up agreements and Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline.

 

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Washington law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our shareholders, more difficult and prevent attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management.

 

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and under Washington law may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. These provisions include a classified board of directors, a prohibition on shareholder actions by less than unanimous written consent, restrictions on the ability of shareholders to fill board vacancies and the ability of our board of directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval. In addition, because we are incorporated in Washington, we are governed by the provisions of Chapter 23B.19 of the Washington Business Corporation Act, which, among other things, restricts the ability of shareholders owning ten percent or more of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us. Although we believe these provisions collectively provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirors to negotiate with our board of directors, they would apply even if an offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for shareholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.

 

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use the net proceeds effectively.

 

We will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, delay the development of our product candidates and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

 

We have never declared or paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Our business requires significant funding, and we have not generated any material revenue. We currently plan to invest all available funds and future earnings, if any, in the development and growth of our business. Therefore, we currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. As a result, a rise in the market price of our common stock, which is uncertain and unpredictable, will be your sole source of potential gain in the foreseeable future, and you should not rely on an investment in our common stock for dividend income.

 

This prospectus includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors.” In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

 

Forward-looking statements in the prospectus include statements about:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You should read this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this prospectus and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this prospectus. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $      from our sale of shares of common stock in this offering, or approximately $      if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $      per share (the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $      , assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

We anticipate that the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, will allow us to complete our Phase 3 clinical trials and to submit the related NDA(s) for our lead PharmacoSurgery product candidate, OMS103HP. We currently expect to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

 

 

 

 

The expected uses of the net proceeds from this offering represents our current intentions based on our present plans and business conditions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received from this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors including the progress in, and costs of, our clinical trials and other preclinical development programs. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on the judgement of management regarding the application of the net proceeds from the offering. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes. Pending such uses set forth above, we plan to invest the net proceeds in highly liquid, investment grade securities.

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We expect to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends, if any, on our common stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and contractual restrictions.

 

The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and our capitalization as of December 31, 2007, as follows:

 

 

 

 

You should read this table together with the sections of this prospectus entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share would increase (decrease) each of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, additional paid-in capital, total shareholders’ equity (deficit) and total capitalization by $     , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this

prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

The outstanding share information set forth in the table above excludes the following shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.

 

Our historical net tangible book value as of December 31, 2007 was $(70.1) million, or $(12.41) per share of common stock. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2007 was $20.6 million, or $0.74 per share of common stock. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets reduced by the amount of our total liabilities and divided by the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2007, after giving effect (a) to the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock into common stock upon the closing of this offering and (b) to the automatic conversion of all outstanding warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock into warrants to purchase common stock upon the closing of this offering.

 

After giving effect (a) to our issuance and sale in this offering of          shares of common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $      per share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and (b) to the issuance of           shares of common stock pursuant to the cashless net exercise of warrants that will automatically terminate upon the closing of this offering based on the assumed initial public offering price, our pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2007 would have been approximately $      , or $      per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $      per share to our existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of $      per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering by $      and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering by $      , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, at an assumed initial public offering price of $      per share, the pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering would be approximately $      per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors purchasing shares in this offering would be approximately $      per share.

 

The following table sets forth on an as adjusted basis, as of December 31, 2007, the number of shares of common stock purchased or to be purchased from us, the total consideration paid or to be paid and the average price per share paid or to be paid by existing holders of common stock and by the new investors purchasing shares in this offering, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors by $      , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, our existing shareholders would own     % and our new investors would own     % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

 

The discussion and tables above are based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding at December 31, 2007. The discussion and tables above exclude the following shares:

 

 

 

 

 

 

To the extent outstanding options or warrants are exercised, new investors will experience further dilution.

 

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, for the period from June 16, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 2007 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2004, and 2003 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 are derived from our consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future period. We acquired nura on August 11, 2006, and the results of nura are included in the consolidated financial statements from that date. The pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share data are computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, after giving effect to the conversion (using the as if-converted method) of all shares of our convertible preferred stock into common stock.

 

 

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited annual and unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

Background

 

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company committed to discovering, developing and commercializing products focused on inflammation and disorders of the central nervous system. Our most clinically advanced product candidates are derived from our proprietary PharmacoSurgery^tm platform designed to improve clinical outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic, ophthalmological, urological and other surgical and medical procedures. Our PharmacoSurgery platform is based on low-dose combinations of therapeutic agents delivered directly to the surgical site throughout the duration of the procedure to preemptively inhibit inflammation and other problems caused by surgical trauma and to provide clinical benefits both during and after surgery. We currently have three ongoing PharmacoSurgery clinical development programs, the most advanced of which is in Phase 3 clinical trials, and we expect to initiate a fourth clinical program in the first half of 2008. In addition to our PharmacoSurgery platform, we have leveraged our expertise in inflammation and the central nervous system, or CNS, to build a deep and diverse pipeline of preclinical programs targeting large markets. For each of our product candidates and programs, we have retained all manufacturing, marketing and distribution rights.

 

OMS103HP, our lead PharmacoSurgery product candidate, is in two Phase 3 clinical programs. The first program is evaluating OMS103HP’s safety and ability to improve postoperative joint function and reduce pain following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, reconstruction surgery. The second program is evaluating OMS103HP’s safety and ability to reduce pain and improve postoperative joint function following arthroscopic meniscectomy surgery. We expect to complete the Phase 3 clinical program for ACL reconstruction surgery in the first half of 2009 and intend to submit, during the second half of 2009, a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, under the Section 505(b)(2) NDA process. We believe that OMS103HP will, if approved, be the first commercially available drug product for the improvement of function following arthroscopic surgery. We expect to complete our first Phase 3 clinical trial in the first half of 2009, and begin our second Phase 3 clinical trial later in 2009, in patients undergoing meniscectomy surgery.

 

Our other current PharmacoSurgery product candidates are OMS302, being developed for use during ophthalmological procedures, including cataract and other lens replacement surgery, and OMS201, being developed for use during urological surgery, including uroendoscopic procedures. We expect to begin a Phase 1/Phase 2 clinical trial of OMS302 in patients undergoing cataract surgery during the first half of 2008, and are currently conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial of OMS201 in patients undergoing ureteroscopic removal of ureteral or renal stones. We own and exclusively control a U.S. and international portfolio of issued patents and pending patent applications that we believe protects our PharmacoSurgery platform.

In addition to our PharmacoSurgery platform, we have a deep and diverse pipeline of preclinical product development programs targeting large market opportunities in inflammation and CNS covered by a broad intellectual property portfolio. In our mannan-associated serine protease-2, or MASP-2, program, we are developing proprietary MASP-2 antibody therapies to treat disorders caused by complement-activated inflammation. In our cartilage protective, or Chondroprotective, program, we are developing proprietary combinations of inhibitors of cartilage breakdown and promoters of cartilage synthesis to treat cartilage disorders, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Our CNS pipeline includes our Phosphodiesterase 10, or PDE10, program, our G protein-coupled receptors, or GPCR, program and our other CNS programs. In our PDE10 program, we are optimizing proprietary compounds to treat schizophrenia. In our GPCR program, we have discovered what we believe to be previously unknown links between specific molecular targets in the brain and a series of CNS disorders, and are developing compounds to treat several of these disorders. In our other CNS programs, we have discovered what we believe to be additional unknown links between specific molecular targets and CNS disorders, and are developing compounds to treat several of these disorders.

 

We have incurred significant losses since our inception. As of December 31, 2007, our accumulated deficit was $73.4 million and total shareholders’ deficit was $69.9 million. We recognized net losses of $23.1 million, $22.8 million, and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These losses have resulted principally from expenses incurred in connection with research and development activities, consisting primarily of preclinical studies, manufacturing services, and clinical trials associated with our current product candidates. We expect our net losses to increase as we continue to advance our clinical trials, expand our research and development efforts, and add personnel as well as laboratory and office space for our anticipated growth. We plan to increase the total number of our full-time employees from 64 as of March 31, 2008 to approximately 70 to 80 by the end of 2008.

 

Revenue

 

We have recognized $2.2 million of revenue from inception through December 31, 2007, consisting of grant funding from third parties. Other than grant funding, we do not expect to receive any revenue from our product candidates until we receive regulatory approval and commercialize the products or until we potentially enter into collaborative agreements with third parties for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. We continue to pursue government and private grant funding for our product candidates and research programs. If our development efforts for any of our product candidates result in clinical success and regulatory approval or collaboration agreements with third parties, we could generate revenue from those product candidates.

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

The majority of our operating expenses to date have been for research and development activities. Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with research activities, as well as costs associated with our product development efforts, which include clinical trials and third party manufacturing services. Internal research and development costs are recognized as incurred. Third-party research and development costs are expensed at the earlier of when the contracted work has been performed or as upfront and milestone payments are made. Research and development expenses include:

 

 

 

At any time, we have many ongoing research and development projects. Our internal resources, employees and infrastructure are not directly tied to any individual research project and are typically deployed across multiple projects. Through our clinical development programs, we are advancing our product candidates in parallel for multiple therapeutic indications and, through our preclinical development programs, we are seeking to develop potential product candidates for additional disease indications. Due to the number of ongoing projects and our ability to utilize resources across several projects, we do not record or maintain information regarding the costs incurred for our research and development programs on a program-specific basis. In addition, we believe that allocating costs on the basis of time incurred by our employees does not reflect the actual costs of a project.

 

Research and development expenses since inception to December 31, 2007 were $44.4 million. Our research and development expenses can be divided into research and preclinical development activities and clinical development and regulatory activities. The following table illustrates our expenses associated with these activities:

 

 

Research and preclinical development costs consist of our research activities, preclinical studies, and related personnel costs, laboratory supplies and other costs such as rent, utilities and depreciation, and stock-based compensation. Clinical development and regulatory costs consist of clinical trials, manufacturing services, and related personnel costs, and other costs such as rent, utilities and depreciation, and stock-based compensation.

At this time, due to the inherently unpredictable nature of preclinical and clinical development processes and given the early stage of our preclinical product development programs, we are unable to estimate with any certainty the costs we will incur in the continued development of our product candidates for potential commercialization. Clinical development timelines, the probability of success and development costs can differ materially from expectations. While we are currently focused on advancing each of our product development programs, our future research and development expenses will depend on the clinical success of each product candidate, as well as ongoing assessments of each product candidate’s commercial potential. In addition, we cannot forecast with any degree of certainty which product candidates may be subject to future collaborations, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements.

 

We expect our research and development expenses to increase in the future as we continue the advancement of our clinical trials and preclinical product development programs. The lengthy process of completing clinical trials and seeking regulatory approval for our product candidates requires expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure or delay in completing clinical trials, or in obtaining regulatory approvals, could cause a delay in generating product revenue and cause our research and development expense to increase and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our operations. We do not expect any of our current product candidates to be commercially available before 2010, if at all.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, legal, finance, accounting, information technology and human resource functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, patent costs and professional fees for legal, consulting and audit services.

 

Investment Income

 

Investment income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments.

 

Other Income (Expense)

 

Other income (expense) consists primarily of rental income received under subleases for use of a portion of our vivarium and laboratory facility and changes in the fair value of our preferred stock warrant liability.

 

Income Taxes

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $53.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Our net operating loss and research and development tax credit carryforwards will expire between 2009 and 2026 unless utilized prior to such dates. Our ability to utilize our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be limited in the event a change in ownership, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, has occurred or may occur in the future. In each period since our inception, we have recorded a 100% valuation allowance for the full amount of our deferred tax asset, as the realization of the deferred tax asset is uncertain. As a result, we have not recorded any federal tax benefit in our statement of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

 

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. An accounting policy is considered critical if it is important to a company’s financial condition and results of operations, and if it requires the exercise of significant judgment and the use of estimates on the part of management in its application. Although we believe that our judgments and estimates are appropriate, actual results may differ from our estimates.

 

We believe the following to be our critical accounting policies because they are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and they require critical management judgment and estimates about matters that are uncertain:

 

 

If actual results or events differ materially from those contemplated by us in making these estimates, our reported financial condition and results of operations for future periods could be materially affected.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Our revenue since inception relates to grant funding from third parties. We recognize grant funding as revenue when the related qualified research and development expenses are incurred up to the limit of the approved funding amounts.

 

Revenue arrangements are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. A variety of factors are considered in determining the appropriate method of revenue recognition under these arrangements, such as whether the various elements can be considered separate units of accounting, whether there is objective and reliable evidence of fair value for these elements and whether there is a separate earnings process associated with a particular element of an agreement.

 

Research and Development

 

Research and development expenses are comprised primarily of employee and consultant-related expenses, which include salaries and benefits; external research and development expenses incurred pursuant to agreements with third-party manufacturing organizations, contract research organizations and clinical trial sites; facilities, depreciation and other allocated expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment; and third-party supplier expenses including laboratory and other supplies. Clinical trial expenses for investigational sites require certain estimates. We estimate these costs based on a cost per patient which varies depending on the site of the clinical trial. As actual costs become known to us, we adjust our accrual; these changes in estimates may result in understated or overstated

expenses at a given point in time. To date, our estimates have not differed significantly from actual costs. Internal research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Third-party research and development expenses are expensed at the earlier of when the contracted work has been performed or as upfront and milestone payments are made.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

Prior to January 1, 2006, we adopted the disclosure-only provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure, and applied Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees , and related interpretations in accounting for stock options. Accordingly, through December 31, 2005, employee stock-based compensation expense was recognized based on the intrinsic value of the option at the date of grant.

 

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(revised), or SFAS 123R, Share-Based Payment, under the prospective method, which requires that the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all future share based payments made to employees and directors be based on estimated fair values. We use the straight-line method to allocate compensation cost to reporting periods over each optionee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period). We estimate the fair value of our share-based awards to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, the calculation of expected term, and the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, among other inputs.

 

The following table summarizes our assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model:

 

 

Expected Volatility.  The expected volatility rate used to value stock option grants is based on historical volatilities of a peer group of similar pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies whose share prices are publicly available. The peer group includes companies in the industry in similar stages of development as are we. Stock options granted during 2005, were valued utilizing the minimum value method whereby the expected volatility is not a factor.

 

Expected Term.  We elected to utilize the “simplified” method for “plain vanilla” options as provided for in SAB No. 107 to value stock option grants made during 2007 and 2006. Under this approach, the weighted-average expected life is presumed to be the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option. For stock options granted during 2005, we estimated the expected term of stock options based on the expected term of options granted by a peer group of similar companies.

 

Risk-free Interest Rate.  The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on zero coupon U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of our stock option grants.

 

Expected Dividend Yield.  We used an expected dividend yield of zero because we have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from estimates. We estimate forfeitures based on our historical experience; separate groups of employees that have similar historical forfeiture behavior are considered separately for expense recognition. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, we accounted for forfeitures as they occurred.

 

Common Stock Fair Value.  Due to the absence of an active market for our common stock, the fair value of our common stock for purposes of determining the exercise price for stock option grants was determined by our board of directors, with assistance of our management, in good faith based on a number of objective and subjective factors including;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Based on these factors, our board of directors granted options at exercises prices that increased from $0.50 per share in 2006 up to $6.32 per share in 2008.

 

In connection with the preparation of the financial statements necessary for a planned registration of shares with the SEC, we reassessed the estimated fair value of our common stock for financial reporting purposes in light of the potential completion of this offering as of December 31, 2006 and March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2007, by performing valuation analyses as of each of these dates. There are significant judgments and estimates inherent in the determination of fair values under SFAS 123R. We used these fair value estimates derived from the valuations to determine the SFAS 123R stock compensation expense recorded in our financial statements.

 

These valuations were prepared using a methodology that first estimated the fair value of the company as a whole, or enterprise value, and then allocated a portion of the enterprise value to our common stock. This approach is consistent with the methods outlined in the AICPA Practice Aid Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. The valuation methodology utilized in the 2006 reassessment of fair value relied primarily on the “market approach” to estimate enterprise value giving consideration to

the total financing amount received by us, the implied enterprise value of the company based on the convertible preferred stock transactions and market-based industry initial public offering valuations. The “income approach” was considered as a secondary concurring approach and involved projecting future cash flows and discounting them to present value.

 

Our enterprise value was allocated to our different classes of equity using the option pricing method. The option pricing method involves making certain other assumptions regarding the anticipated timing of a potential liquidity event, the expected volatility of our equity securities and effects of rights of our convertible preferred stock relative to those of our common stock. These rights include anti-dilution protection and liquidation preferences, dividend rights, and voting rights that have a priority to our common stock.

 

The valuation methodology utilized in the 2007 estimates of fair value also relied primarily on the “market approach” to estimate enterprise value and then allocated the enterprise value to our different classes of equity using the probability-weighted expected return, or PWER, method whereby the value of our common stock was estimated based on an analysis of future values for the equity assuming various future outcomes including liquidity events. Our 2007 estimated share values are based on the probability-weighted present value of expected investment returns, considering each of the possible future outcomes available to us. In our situation, the future outcomes included three alternatives: (1) we complete an IPO at the high end of the range for recent IPO transactions for comparable companies, (2) we complete an IPO at the low end of the range for recent IPO transactions for comparable companies, and (3) we have an event in which no liquidity is available for common shareholders. For the first two alternatives, collectively the “IPO scenario,” the estimated future and present values of our common stock were based on a survey of companies of similar size and value that had completed IPO’s, and calculated using assumptions including: the expected pre-money or sale valuations based on the market approach, the expected dates of the future expected IPO or sale, and an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate. For the scenario where we have an event in which no liquidity is available for common shareholders, the estimated value of our common stock was calculated using the cumulative liquidation preferences of the outstanding convertible preferred stock. The present value calculated for our common stock under each scenario was probability-weighted based on our estimate of the relative probability occurrence of each scenario.

 

Finally, the estimated fair value of our common stock was reduced by a discount for lack of marketability. The discount for lack of marketability was analyzed in light of the restrictive factors associated with privately held common stock. For our determination of an appropriate discount for lack of marketability, we used a Longstaff Regression Analysis and a put-option model that considers variables such as time to liquidity, volatility, and the risk-free rate. Based on these analyses and consideration of restrictions, we applied discounts for lack of marketability that declined from 20% in the March 2007 valuation, to 10% in the December 2007 valuation, as the time to an expected liquidity event decreased.

 

Summary of Stock Option Grants.  Based on the valuations we performed for financial statement purposes, we determined that the stock options we granted in 2008, 2007 and 2006 had exercise prices less than the estimated fair values of the common stock at the dates of

grant. The following table compares the originally determined fair value and reassessed fair value:

 

 

For purposes of determining stock-based compensation expense, stock options granted in 2006 were valued based on the estimated fair value as of December 31, 2006 and stock options granted in March 2007 and May 2007 were valued based on the estimated fair values determined as of March 31, 2007 and June 30, 2007, respectively. There were no stock options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2007. Stock options granted in October 2007 were valued based on the estimated fair value determined as of September 30, 2007 and stock options granted in December 2007 and January 2008 were valued based on the estimated fair value determined as of December 31, 2007.

 

The estimated per share fair value of our common stock from December 31, 2006 to March 31, 2007 increased from $0.89 to $1.05. The change in estimated fair value primarily reflects operational factors such as continued advancement in our research and development programs, including additional patient enrollment in our Phase 3 clinical trials evaluating OMS103HP’s safety and ability to improve postoperative joint function and reduce pain following ACL reconstruction surgery, or our Phase 3 ACL study. Also, as of March 31, 2007, based on an analysis of the percentage of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies that had received a round of late-stage venture financing and that had completed an IPO, and because we had made no material progress toward an IPO, we determined that there was a 20% probability of an IPO scenario, divided equally among the low and high IPO scenarios, and an 80% probability of an event in which no liquidity is available to common shareholders. We also applied a 20% discount for lack of marketability.

 

The estimated per share fair value of our common stock from March 31, 2007 to June 30, 2007 increased from $1.05 to $3.63. The change in estimated fair value reflects the following:

 

 

 

Because of advancement in our development programs and our progress toward an IPO, we determined that there was a 60% probability of an IPO scenario, divided equally between the low and high IPO scenarios, and a 40% probability of an event in which no liquidity is available to common shareholders. We also applied a 15% discount for lack of marketability based on a reduction in the amount of time to an expected liquidity event.

The estimated per share fair value of our common stock from June 30, 2007 to September 30, 2007 increased from $3.63 to $6.23. The change in estimated fair value reflects the following:

 

 

 

 

Because of advancement in our development programs and our progress toward an IPO, we determined that there was an 85% probability of an IPO scenario (50% probability of a high IPO scenario and 35% probability of a low IPO scenario) and a 15% probability of an event in which no liquidity is available to common shareholders. We applied a 10% discount for lack of marketability based on a reduction in the amount of time to an expected liquidity event.

 

The estimated per share fair value of our common stock from September 30, 2007 to December 31, 2007 increased from $6.23 to $6.32. The change in estimated fair value reflects the following:

 

 

 

 

Because of advancement in our development programs and our additional progress toward an IPO, we determined that there was a 90% probability of an IPO scenario, divided equally among the low and high IPO scenarios, and a 10% probability of an event in which no liquidity is available to common shareholders. We applied a 10% discount for lack of marketability based on the expected time to a liquidity event.

 

Stock Options and Note Receivable from Related Party.  In conjunction with the exercise of certain stock options by Gregory A. Demopulos, M.D., our president, chief executive officer, chief medical officer and chairman of the board of directors, we received promissory notes from Dr. Demopulos totaling $239,000. The promissory notes accrue interest at rates ranging from 3% to 6.25% and are secured by pledges of the underlying common stock. Based on the terms of the notes, the notes are treated as stock options and are subject to variable accounting whereby changes in the estimated fair value of the underlying option is reported as an increase or decrease, as applicable, in stock-based compensation expense (credit) until such time that the notes are repaid. Stock-based compensation expense (credit) related to these notes and common stock was $5.0 million, $361,000 and $(534,000) for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The notes and accrued interest were repaid in full in December 2007.

 

Stock-Based Compensation Summary.  Stock-based compensation expense includes variable awards, amortization of deferred stock compensation, and awards accounted for

under SFAS 123R and have been reported in our consolidated statements of operations as follows:

 

 

A total of up to $4.4 million will be recognized as compensation expense for the unvested 2,824,165 options outstanding as of December 31, 2007. This expense will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.3 years. This excludes non-employee options and variable awards.

 

Preferred Stock Warrant Liability

 

We adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Staff Position 150-5, Issuer’s Accounting under FASB Statement No. 150 for Freestanding Warrants and Other Similar Instruments on Shares That Are Redeemable, or FSP 150-5, on July 1, 2005. In accordance with FSP 150-5, we estimated the fair value of all outstanding convertible preferred stock warrants at July 1, 2005 and reclassified this amount from equity to a liability. The warrant obligation is adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period. Such fair values were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and an estimated term equal to each warrant’s contractual life. We will continue to adjust the warrant liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants or the completion of a liquidation event, including the completion of this offering, at which time the liability will be reclassified to shareholders’ equity (deficit).

 

Results of Operations

 

Effect of nura, inc. Acquisition

 

Our August 2006 acquisition of nura, inc., or nura, a private biotechnology company, which expanded and diversified our CNS pipeline and strengthened our discovery research capabilities, caused a significant change in our business and results of operations. The acquisition of nura was accounted for as an asset purchase and the results of nura have been included in our results of operations since August 11, 2006. The inclusion of nura for a portion of 2006 impacts the comparability of our 2007 and 2006 financial information with the financial information for previous periods.

 

We acquired nura through the issuance of 3.4 million shares of Series E convertible preferred stock and 36,246 shares of common stock, and the assumption of a $2.4 million promissory note, for a total purchase price value of $14.4 million. Since nura was a development-stage company, the acquisition was treated as an asset purchase in accordance with EITF 98-3, Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or of a Business. Of the aggregate purchase price of $14.4 million, $3.2 million was allocated to the net tangible assets acquired based on the estimated fair values at the acquisition date, $310,000 was allocated to intangible assets and $10.9 million was allocated to in-process research and development as the acquired research projects had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative use at the acquisition date. We believe that the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on reasonable assumptions given available facts and circumstances at the acquisition date.

 

nura’s research and development activities were early stage and none of its product candidates had yet entered clinical studies. Based on a review of the acquired research and

development technology, management believed that the economic benefit associated with the acquisition of nura related to only one of the preclinical product candidates, PDE10. PDE10 product candidates were at the time being developed by other life science companies, indicating potential to commercialize the acquired technology.

 

The acquired in-process research and development was valued at $10.9 million and recorded as an operating expense in 2006. The value was determined using the income approach whereby estimated future net cash flows of the PDE10 program from 2007 to 2026 were discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate of 40%.

 

As a preclinical product candidate, our ability to successfully commercialize PDE10 is highly uncertain. It is expected to take a number of years to conduct the necessary preclinical and clinical studies to file for product approval with the FDA and there is no assurance that such studies will be successful. Our development effort for PDE10 is currently supported by funds from the Stanley Medical Research Institute, a non-profit institution that supports research on the causes and treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We continue to evaluate our options with respect to PDE 10, including partnering with a third-party to offset future development costs.

 

Selected nura financial information for the period January 1, 2006 to August 11, 2006, the date of the acquisition, and the year ended December 31, 2005 is as follows:

 

 

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006

 

Revenue.  Revenue was $1.9 million in 2007 compared with $200,000 in 2006. Revenue in 2007 and 2006 represents grant funding from third parties related to our PDE10, GPCR, MASP-2 and other CNS programs. The increase was due to research activities related to new grants and advancement of research in these programs during 2007 compared to 2006.

 

Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses were $15.9 million in 2007 compared with $9.6 million in 2006. The increase was due primarily to additional personnel, which included 13 staff from our acquisition of nura in August 2006, additional facility and research costs subsequent to the nura acquisition, increased clinical trial and manufacturing service costs associated with our Phase 3 clinical trial program for our lead product candidate, OMS103HP, and increased preclinical research study costs associated with advancing additional product candidates, OMS302 and OMS201, toward IND submissions. We expect research and development expenses to increase in the future due to an increased number of product candidates in preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as the related expansion of our research and development staff.

 

Acquired In-Process Research and Development.  Acquired in-process research and development of $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 resulted from our acquisition of nura in August 2006.

 

General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses were $10.4 million, including $5.6 million in stock-based compensation expense, in 2007 compared with $3.6 million, including $1.1 million in stock-based compensation expense, in 2006. The

$5.6 million in stock-based compensation in 2007 relates primarily to related-party notes receivable that were treated as variable option awards through their repayment in December 2007. An increase in the fair value of our common stock during the period resulted in this expense. Excluding stock-based compensation expense, the increase in general and administrative expenses primarily reflects personnel, consulting, and professional services costs in preparation of an IPO, and higher patent legal costs as we continue to broaden our intellectual property portfolio. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in the future as we add additional employees and office space to support our anticipated growth.

 

Investment Income.  Investment income was $1.6 million in 2007 compared with $1.1 million in 2006. The increase is due to interest earned on higher cash balances resulting from net proceeds of $3.2 million and $34.2 million received from sales of Series E convertible preferred stock in 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

Interest expense.  Interest expense was $151,000 in 2007 compared with $91,000 in 2006. We assumed a note payable of $2.4 million in connection with our acquisition of nura in August 2006. This note bears interest at the lender’s prime rate, which was 9.69% at December 31, 2007.

 

Other income (expense).  Other (expense) was ($125,000) in 2007 compared with other income of $179,000 in 2006. The increase in expense is due to the revaluation of the fair value of warrants in accordance with FAS 150-5 in the amount of $503,000 offset by sublease income from laboratory space in 2007 compared with 2006.

 

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005

 

Revenue.  We recorded $200,000 of revenue in 2006 and $0 revenue in 2005. Revenue in 2006 represents grant funding from a third party.

 

Research and Development Expenses.  Research and development expenses were $9.6 million in 2006 compared with $5.8 million in 2005. The increase was due primarily to additional personnel, including 13 staff from our acquisition of nura in August 2006, additional facility and research costs subsequent to the nura acquisition, increased clinical trial costs related to our lead product candidate, OMS103HP, and increased research and development studies and manufacturing service costs associated with OMS302 and OMS201.

 

Acquired In-Process Research and Development.  Acquired in-process research and development of $10.9 million in 2006 resulted from our acquisition of nura in August 2006.

 

General and Administrative Expenses.  General and administrative expenses were $3.6 million in 2006 compared with $1.9 million in 2005. The increase was due primarily to higher personnel and consulting costs, and an increase in stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense was $1.1 million in 2006 and a credit of $506,000 in 2005. The credit in 2005 was related to a reduction in the fair value of our common stock.

 

Investment Income.  Investment income was $1.1 million in 2006 compared with $333,000 in 2005. The increase is due to a higher average cash balance in 2006 resulting from net proceeds of $34.2 million from the sale of Series E convertible preferred stock during 2006.

 

Interest expense.  Interest expense was $91,000 in 2006 compared with $0 in 2005. In connection with our acquisition of nura in August 2006, we assumed a note payable of $2.4 million. nura’s results for periods prior to the acquisition are not included in our results.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements of equity securities. Through December 31, 2007, we received net proceeds of $76.4 million from the sale of shares of our convertible preferred stock as follows:

 

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had $24.1 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, consisting of $5.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $18.2 million in short-term investments. Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances are held in a variety of interest-bearing instruments, including mortgage-backed securities issued by or fully collateralized by U.S. government or U.S. government-sponsored entities, high credit rating corporate borrowers and money market accounts. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested in accordance with established guidelines to preserve principal and maintain liquidity.

 

Net cash used in operating activities of $14.3 million in 2007 was primarily due to the net loss for the period of $23.1 million, offset in part by $6.1 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and a $3.2 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses which was a result of activities from our clinical studies, manufacturing of clinical supplies and costs related to the proposed IPO. Net cash used in operating activities was $10.2 million and $6.6 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. Net cash used in each of these periods was primarily a result of the net loss for these periods excluding non-cash expenses.

 

Net cash used in investing activities was $6.1 million in 2007 and $579,000 in 2006, and net cash provided by investing activities was $1.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2005. Investing activities consist primarily of purchases and sales of marketable securities, and property and equipment purchases. Purchases of property and equipment were $534,000, $166,000, and $278,000 in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.9 million, $33.9 million, and $5.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Net proceeds from these financing activities were primarily related to the sale of our convertible preferred stock.

 

In connection with our acquisition of nura in August 2006, we assumed a note payable of $2.4 million. At December 31, 2007, the note payable balance was $1.0 million with an interest rate of 9.69%. We pay $96,000 per month for principal and interest on the note and we expect that the note will be fully repaid in November 2008. The lender under this note has a security interest in all of nura’s assets including intellectual property.

 

We have a funding agreement with The Stanley Medical Research Institute, or SMRI, to develop a proprietary product candidate that inhibits PDE10 for the treatment of schizophrenia. Under the agreement, we may receive grant and equity funding upon achievement of product development milestones through Phase I clinical trials totaling $9.0 million, subject to our mutual agreement with SMRI. As of December 31, 2007, we have received $2.6 million, 50% of

which was grant funding and 50% of which was equity funding, under the funding agreement with SMRI.

 

Funding Requirements

 

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, along with the net proceeds of this offering, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating expenses and capital expenditures for at least the next 24 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, and to the extent that we may or may not enter into collaborations with third parties to participate in development and commercialization, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital requirements and operating expenditures associated with our currently anticipated clinical trials.

 

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

 

 

We do not anticipate generating revenue from the sale of our product candidates for the next few years. In the absence of additional funding, we expect our continuing operating losses to result in increases in our cash used in operations over the next several years. To the extent our capital resources are insufficient to meet our future capital requirements, we will need to finance our future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. We currently do not have any commitments for future external funding. Additional equity or debt financing or corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate our research and development programs, reduce our planned commercialization

efforts or obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain product candidates that we might otherwise seek to develop or commercialize independently, or enter into corporate collaborations at a later stage of development. In addition, any future equity funding will dilute the ownership of our equity investors.

 

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

 

The following table presents a summary of our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

 

Related-Party Transactions

 

We conduct research using the services of one of our founders. Costs associated with this research are included in research and development. Costs associated with this research totaled $5,000, $41,000, and $41,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, and $440,000 for the period from inception (June 16, 1994) through December 31, 2007.

 

In conjunction with the exercise of certain stock options by Gregory A. Demopulos, M.D., our president, chief executive officer, chief medical officer and chairman of the board of directors, we received promissory notes from Dr. Demopulos totaling $239,000. The promissory notes accrued interest at rates ranging from 3% to 6.25% and were secured by pledges of the underlying common stock. Based on the terms of the notes, the notes were treated as options subject to variable accounting whereby changes in the estimated fair value of the underlying deemed options were reported as increases or decreases, as applicable, in stock-based compensation expense until such time that the notes were repaid. The notes and accrued interest were repaid in full in December 2007.

 

For a description of additional related-party transactions, see “Certain Relationships and Related-Party Transactions.”

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

We adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainties in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or FIN 48, effective January 1, 2007. FIN 48 requires that we recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. No cumulative adjustment to our accumulated deficit was required upon adoption of FIN 48.

 

As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we indentified certain adjustments to our research and development tax credit, which was accounted for as a reduction to the deferred tax assets. The amount of the reduction as of December 31, 2007 was $227,000.

 

We file our income tax return in the United States, which typically provides for a three-year statute of limitations on assessments. However, because of net operating loss carryforwards, substantially all of our tax years remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

 

Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of income tax expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties charged to us in relation to the underpayment of income taxes.

 

In December 2007, the SEC issued SAB No. 110, Amending and Replacing a Portion of the Staff’s Views About Valuing Share-based Payments to Continue Acceptance, Under Certain Circumstances, of the Simplified Method, or SAB 110. SAB 110 expresses the views of the staff regarding the use of a “simplified” method, as discussed in SAB No. 107, in developing an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” share options in accordance with SFAS 123R. We do not expect SAB 110 to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities. It also responds to investors’ requests for expanded information about the extent to which companies measure assets and liabilities at fair value, the information used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair value measurements on earnings. SFAS 157 applies whenever other standards require, or permit, assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value, and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and we will be required to adopt it effective January 1, 2008, except as it relates to nonfinancial assets and liabilities, for which the effective date is for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 157 may have on our results of operations and financial position.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, or SFAS 159. SFAS 159 provides companies with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to reduce both complexity in accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently. Most of the provisions in SFAS 159 are elective; however, the amendment to FASB Statement No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, applies to all entities with available-for-sale and trading securities. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. We have not yet decided if we will choose to measure any eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value.

 

In June 2007, the FASB ratified EITF Issue No. 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be Used in Future Research and Development Activities, or EITF 07-3. The scope of EITF 07-3 is limited to nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services to be used or rendered in future research and development activities. EITF 07-3 provides that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities should be deferred and capitalized. Such amounts should be recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. We intend to adopt EITF Issue 07-3 effective January 1, 2008. The impact of applying this consensus will depend on the terms of future

research and development contractual arrangements entered into on or after December 15, 2007.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

Since our inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Our exposure to market risk is primarily confined to our investment securities and note payable. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital to fund operations. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant risk. To achieve our objectives, we maintain a portfolio of investments in a variety of securities of high credit quality. As of December 31, 2007, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $24.1 million. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged and are classified as available for sale. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term maturities of our investments, we do not believe that an increase in market rates would have a material negative impact on the realized value of our investment portfolio. We actively monitor changes in interest rates. While our investment portfolio includes mortgage-backed securities, we do not hold sub-prime mortgages. Our investments in mortgage-backed securities are issued by, or fully collateralized by, the U.S. government or U.S. government-sponsored entities.

 

Our note payable bears interest at the lender’s prime rate. We do not believe that an increase in such rates would have a material negative impact on our interest expense under this note, which is scheduled for repayment in November 2008.

 

Overview

 

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company committed to discovering, developing and commercializing products focused on inflammation and disorders of the central nervous system. Our most clinically advanced product candidates are derived from our proprietary PharmacoSurgery^tm platform designed to improve clinical outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic, ophthalmological, urological and other surgical and medical procedures. Our PharmacoSurgery platform is based on low-dose combinations of therapeutic agents delivered directly to the surgical site throughout the duration of the procedure to preemptively inhibit inflammation and other problems caused by surgical trauma and to provide clinical benefits both during and after surgery. We currently have three ongoing PharmacoSurgery clinical development programs, the most advanced of which is in Phase 3 clinical trials, and we expect to initiate a fourth clinical program in the first half of 2008. In addition to our PharmacoSurgery platform, we have leveraged our expertise in inflammation and the central nervous system, or CNS, to build a deep and diverse pipeline of preclinical programs targeting large markets. For each of our product candidates and programs, we have retained all manufacturing, marketing and distribution rights.

 

OMS103HP, our lead PharmacoSurgery product candidate, is in two Phase 3 clinical programs. The first program is evaluating OMS103HP’s safety and ability to improve postoperative joint function and reduce pain following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, reconstruction surgery. The second program is evaluating OMS103HP’s safety and ability to reduce pain and improve postoperative joint function following arthroscopic meniscectomy surgery. We expect to complete the Phase 3 clinical program for ACL reconstruction surgery in the first half of 2009 and intend to submit, during the second half of 2009, a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, under the Section 505(b)(2) NDA process. We believe that OMS103HP will, if approved, be the first commercially available drug product for the improvement of function following arthroscopic surgery. We expect to complete our first Phase 3 clinical trial in the first half of 2009, and begin our second Phase 3 clinical trial later in 2009, in patients undergoing meniscectomy surgery. Our other current PharmacoSurgery product candidates are OMS302, being developed for use during ophthalmological procedures, including cataract and other lens replacement surgery, and OMS201, being developed for use during urological surgery, including uroendoscopic procedures. We expect to begin a Phase 1/Phase 2 clinical trial of OMS302 in patients undergoing cataract surgery during the first half of 2008, and are currently conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial of OMS201 in patients undergoing ureteroscopic removal of ureteral or renal stones.

 

According to market data from SOR Consulting and Thomson Healthcare, approximately a total of: 4.0 million arthroscopic operations, including 2.6 million knee arthroscopy operations; 2.9 million cataract operations; and 4.3 million uroendoscopic operations were performed in the United States in 2006. We expect the number of these operations to grow as the population and demand for minimally invasive procedures increase and endoscopic technologies improve. Based on reports that we commissioned from The Reimbursement Group, or TRG, a reimbursement consulting firm, we anticipate that each of our current PharmacoSurgery product candidates will be favorably reimbursed both to the surgical facility and to the surgeon. As a result, we estimate that there are large markets for each of our PharmacoSurgery product candidates and believe that OMS103HP alone provides a multi-billion dollar market opportunity. We own and exclusively control a U.S. and international portfolio of issued patents and pending patent applications that we believe protects our PharmacoSurgery platform. Our patent portfolio covers all arthroscopic, ophthalmological, urological, cardiovascular and other types of surgical and medical procedures, and includes both method and composition claims broadly directed to combinations of agents drawn from distinct classes of therapeutic agents delivered to the procedural site intra-operatively, regardless of whether the agents are generic

or proprietary. From this intellectual property estate, we are able to develop a series of proprietary follow-on PharmacoSurgery product candidates.

 

Limitations of Current Treatments

 

Current standards of care for the management and treatment of surgical trauma are limited in effectiveness. Surgical trauma causes a complex cascade of molecular signaling and biochemical changes, resulting in inflammation, pain, spasm, loss of function and other problems. As a consequence, multiple pharmacologic actions are required to manage the complexity and inherent redundancy of the cascade. Accordingly, we believe that single-agent treatments acting on single targets do not result in optimal therapeutic benefit. Further, current pre-operative treatments are not optimally effective because the administration of standard irrigation solution during the surgical procedure washes out pre-operatively delivered drugs. In addition, current postoperative therapies are not optimally effective because the cascade and resultant inflammation, pain, spasm, loss of function and other problems have already begun and are difficult to reverse and manage after surgical trauma has occurred. Also, drugs that currently are systemically delivered, such as by oral or intravenous administration, to target these problems are frequently associated with adverse side effects.

 

Advantages of our PharmacoSurgery Platform

 

In contrast, we generate from our PharmacoSurgery platform proprietary product candidates that are combinations of therapeutic agents designed to act simultaneously at multiple discrete targets to preemptively block the molecular-signaling and biochemical cascade caused by surgical trauma and to provide clinical benefits both during and after surgery. Supplied in pre-dosed, pre-formulated, single-use containers, our PharmacoSurgery product candidates are added to standard surgical irrigation solutions and delivered intra-operatively to the site of tissue trauma throughout the surgical procedure. This results in the delivery of low concentrations of agents with minimal systemic uptake and reduced risk of adverse side effects, and does not require a surgeon to change his or her operating procedure. In addition to ease of use, we believe that the clinical benefits of our product candidates could provide surgeons a competitive marketing advantage and may facilitate third-party payor acceptance, all of which we expect will drive adoption and market penetration. Our current PharmacoSurgery product candidates are specifically comprised of active pharmaceutical ingredients, or APIs, contained in generic drugs already approved by the FDA, with established profiles of safety and pharmacologic activities, and are eligible for submission under the potentially less-costly and time-consuming Section 505(b)(2) NDA process.

 

Our Preclinical Development Programs

 

In addition to our PharmacoSurgery platform, we have a deep and diverse pipeline of preclinical product development programs targeting large market opportunities in inflammation and CNS covered by a broad intellectual property portfolio. In our mannan-associated serine protease-2, or MASP-2, program, we are developing proprietary MASP-2 antibody therapies to treat disorders caused by complement-activated inflammation. Our preclinical data suggest that MASP-2 plays a significant role in macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with myocardial infarction, renal disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and we have generated several fully human, high-affinity, blocking antibodies to MASP-2. In our cartilage protective, or Chondroprotective, program, we are developing proprietary combinations of inhibitors of cartilage breakdown and promoters of cartilage synthesis to treat cartilage disorders, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Our CNS pipeline includes our Phosphodiesterase 10, or PDE10, program, our G protein-coupled receptors, or GPCR, program and our other CNS programs. In our PDE10 program, we are optimizing proprietary compounds to treat schizophrenia. Results from preclinical studies suggest that PDE10 inhibitors may address the limitations of currently used anti-psychotic drugs by avoiding the associated weight gain and improving cognition. Our GPCR program

has been built around our scientific expertise in the field of GPCRs. Members of our scientific team were the first to identify and characterize the full family of all 357 GPCRs common to mice and humans, with the exception of those GPCRs linked to smell, taste and pheromone functions. Using our expertise in GPCRs, our 61 proprietary strains of knock-out mice, our in-house battery of behavioral assays and available libraries of compounds, we have discovered what we believe to be previously unknown links between specific molecular targets in the brain and a series of CNS disorders, have filed corresponding patent applications, and are developing compounds to treat several of these disorders. In our other CNS programs, we have discovered what we believe to be additional unknown links between specific molecular targets and a series of CNS disorders. We have filed patent applications directed to our discoveries broadly claiming any agents that act at these molecular targets for use in the treatment of these CNS disorders. Based on promising preclinical data in animal models, we are developing compounds for several of these disorders. We obtained some of the programs in our CNS pipeline in 2006 in connection with our $14.4 million acquisition of nura, inc., or nura, a private biotechnology company.