As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2003
Registration Statement No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
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FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
CYTOGEN CORPORATION
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(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware 22-2322400
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(State or Other Jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization) Identification Number)
650 College Road East, 3rd Floor
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
(609) 750-8200
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(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including
Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
Donald L. Novajosky, Esq.
Director, Legal
Cytogen Corporation
650 College Road East, 3rd Floor
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
(609) 750-8222
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(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
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COPY TO:
Richard S. Mattessich, Esq.
Hale and Dorr LLP
650 College Road East, 4th Floor
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
(609) 750-7600
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APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO PUBLIC: As soon as
practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the
following box.[ ]
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered
on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act
of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.[X]
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering.[ ] _______.
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ] __________.
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [ ]
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed Proposed
Maximum Maximum
Amount Aggregate Aggregate Amount Of
To Be Price Offering Price Registration
Title Of Shares To Be Registered Registered (1) Per Unit (1) (2) Fee (2)
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Common stock, $60,000,000 $4,854
$.01 par value per share...................
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(1) Not required pursuant to Rule 457 (o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
(2) Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant
to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. This
Registration Statement registers an indeterminate number of shares of
common stock that the Registrant may sell from time to time. The aggregate
offering price for all the shares of common stock that the Registrant may
sell from time to time pursuant to this Registration Statement will not
exceed $60,000,000.
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THE COMPANY HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS
MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE COMPANY SHALL FILE A
FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(A),
MAY DETERMINE.
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY
NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER
TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IT IS NOT SOLICITING OFFERS TO BUY THESE SECURITIES
IN ANY STATE OR JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 28, 2003
PROSPECTUS
CYTOGEN CORPORATION
$60,000,000
COMMON STOCK
Cytogen Corporation may offer up to $60,000,000 of common stock, from
time to time. When we offer common stock, we will provide a prospectus
supplement containing the specific terms of that offering. This prospectus may
not be used to consummate sales of common stock unless accompanied by a
prospectus supplement.
We will receive all proceeds from the sale of common stock hereunder.
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "CYTO." On October 24, 2003, the closing sale price of our common stock
on Nasdaq was $10.88 per share. You are urged to obtain current market
quotations for our common stock.
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INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE "RISK
FACTORS" COMMENCING ON PAGE 4.
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NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS
PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this prospectus is October __, 2003.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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About this Prospectus.............................................................................. 2
Cytogen Corporation................................................................................ 3
Reverse Stock Split................................................................................ 3
Risk Factors....................................................................................... 4
We have a history of operating losses and an accumulated deficit and expect to
incur losses in the future............................................................... 4
We depend on sales of ProstaScint and Quadramet for the majority of our near-
term revenues............................................................................ 5
We depend on acceptance of our products by the medical community for the
continuation of our revenue.............................................................. 5
The reduced workforce at AxCell may not be able to implement AxCell's business
plan..................................................................................... 5
We may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available....................... 6
Our capital raising efforts may dilute stockholder interests.............................. 7
We may need to raise funds other than through the issuance of equity securities........... 7
Our products, generally, are in the early stages of development and
commercialization and we may never achieve the revenue goals set forth in our
business plan............................................................................ 7
Our PSMA product development program is novel and, consequently, inherently
risky.................................................................................... 8
All of our potential oncology products will be subject to the risks of failure
inherent in the development of diagnostic or therapeutic products based on new
technologies............................................................................. 8
Competition in our field is intense and likely to increase................................ 9
We rely heavily on our collaborative partners............................................. 10
Our business could be harmed if certain agreements expire or are terminated early......... 10
We have limited sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for our products........... 12
There are risks associated with the manufacture and supply of our products................ 12
Failure of consumers to obtain adequate reimbursement from third-party payors
could limit market acceptance and affect pricing of our products......................... 13
If we are unable to comply with applicable governmental regulation we may not
be able to continue our operations....................................................... 13
We could be negatively impacted by future interpretation or implementation of
federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including anti-kickback laws, the Federal
Stark Law and other federal and state anti-referral laws................................. 15
We depend on attracting and retaining key personnel....................................... 15
Our business exposes us to potential liability claims that may exceed our financial
resources, including our insurance coverage, and may lead to the curtailment or
termination of our operations............................................................ 16
Our business involves environmental risks that may result in liability.................... 17
Our intellectual property is difficult to protect......................................... 17
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Our security measures may not protect our unpatented proprietary technology............... 18
We are currently subject to patent litigation............................................. 18
Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and your investment in
our stock could decline in value or fluctuate significantly.............................. 19
We have adopted various anti-takeover provisions which may affect the market
price of our common stock and prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders
to replace or remove our management team................................................. 20
The liquidity of our common stock could be adversely affected if we are delisted
from The Nasdaq National Market.......................................................... 20
A large number of our shares are eligible for future sale which may adversely
impact the market price of our common stock.............................................. 21
Because we do not intend to pay, and have not paid, any cash dividends on our
shares of common stock, our stockholders will not be able to receive a return on
their shares unless the value of our shares appreciates and they sell them............... 22
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.................................................. 23
Use of Proceeds.................................................................................... 23
Plan of Distribution............................................................................... 24
Legal Matters...................................................................................... 25
Experts............................................................................................ 25
Where You Can Find More Information................................................................ 25
Information Incorporated By Reference.............................................................. 26
Indemnification of Officers and Directors.......................................................... 27
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission using a "shelf" registration or
continuous offering process. We may from time to time sell common stock in one
or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $60,000,000.
Each time we sell common stock we will provide you with a prospectus
supplement containing specific information about the terms of each such sale.
This prospectus may not be used to sell any of the common stock unless
accompanied by a prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement also may add,
update or change information in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency
between the information in the prospectus and the prospectus supplement, you
should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. You should read
both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional
information described under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information"
beginning on page 25 of this prospectus.
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires,
all references in this prospectus to "we," "us," or similar references mean
Cytogen Corporation and its subsidiaries.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or
in a prospectus supplement or amendment. We have not authorized anyone to
provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus. We may offer to sell, and seek offers to buy
shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are
permitted. The information contained in this prospectus or a prospectus
supplement or amendment or incorporated herein by reference is accurate only as
of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this
prospectus or of any sale of common stock.
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CYTOGEN CORPORATION
Cytogen Corporation is a product-driven, oncology-focused
biopharmaceutical company with an established and growing product line in
prostate cancer and other areas of oncology. Our FDA-approved products include
ProstaScint(R) (a monoclonal antibody-based imaging agent used to image the
extent and spread of prostate cancer); Quadramet(R) (a therapeutic agent
marketed for the relief of bone pain in prostate and other types of cancer) and
NMP22 BladderChek(TM) (a point-of-care, in vitro diagnostic test for bladder
cancer). Our pipeline is comprised of product candidates at various stages of
clinical development, including fully human monoclonal antibodies and cancer
vaccines based on PSMA prostate specific membrane antigen technology, or PSMA
technologies, which we exclusively licensed from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center. We also conduct research in cellular signaling through our subsidiary,
AxCell Biosciences.
In addition to the products listed above, in August, 2000, we expanded
our product pipeline by entering into marketing, license and supply agreements
with Advanced Magnetics, Inc. for Combidex(R), which is an investigational
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that assists in the
differentiation of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes. We hold exclusive
marketing rights to Combidex in the United States and its territories. Advanced
Magnetics is continuing its discussions with the FDA relating to outstanding
issues regarding an approvable letter received from the FDA in June, 2000, in an
effort to bring Combidex to market.
We have had a history of operating losses since our inception. We had a
net loss of $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, a net loss of
$5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and a net loss of $15.7
million for the year ended December 31, 2002. Although we continually look to
expand our product pipeline, we currently rely on two products, ProstaScint and
Quadramet, for substantially all of our revenues. In addition, we have, from
time to time, ceased sales of certain products, such as BrachySeed and OncoScint
CR/OV, that we previously believed would generate significant revenues for our
business. Our products are subject to significant regulatory review by the FDA
and other federal and state agencies, which requires significant time and
expenditures in seeking product approvals. In addition, we rely on collaborative
partners to a significant degree to manufacture our products, to secure raw
materials, and to provide licensing rights to their proprietary products for us
to sell and market to others.
We are a Delaware corporation. We were incorporated and began
operations in 1980 under the name Hybridex, Inc. and changed our name to Cytogen
Corporation in April 1980. Our executive offices are located at 650 College Road
East, Suite 3100, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, our telephone number is (609)
750-8200 and our Internet address is http://www.cytogen.com The information on
our Internet website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Unless
the context otherwise requires references in this prospectus to "Cytogen", the
"Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Cytogen Corporation and our
subsidiaries.
ProstaScint(R) and OncoScint(R) are registered United States trademarks
of Cytogen Corporation. All other trade names, trademarks or service marks
appearing in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 are the property of their
respective owners, and not the property of Cytogen Corporation or any of our
subsidiaries. Quadramet(R) is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company used under
license by Cytogen.
REVERSE STOCK SPLIT
On October 25, 2002, we received approval from our stockholders at a
duly called and held special meeting of stockholders to effect a reverse split
of our common stock. Our Board of Directors thereafter approved a one-for-ten
reverse split of our outstanding, issued and authorized shares of common stock,
which became effective on October 25, 2002. All numbers set forth in this
Registration Statement on Form S-3 reflect the effect of such one-for-ten
reverse stock split.
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RISK FACTORS
INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. YOU
SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES DESCRIBED BELOW BEFORE
PURCHASING OUR COMMON STOCK. IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING RISKS ACTUALLY OCCUR, OUR
BUSINESS, FINANCIAL CONDITION OR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS WOULD LIKELY SUFFER. IN
THAT CASE, THE TRADING PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK COULD FALL, AND YOU MAY LOSE
ALL OR PART OF THE MONEY YOU PAID TO BUY OUR COMMON STOCK.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF OPERATING LOSSES AND AN ACCUMULATED DEFICIT AND EXPECT TO
INCUR LOSSES IN THE FUTURE.
Given the high level of research and development and related expenditures
associated with our business and our inability to generate revenues sufficient
to cover such expenditures, we have had a history of operating losses since our
inception. We had a net loss of $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30,
2003, a net loss of $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and a
net loss of $15.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. Beginning in
December 2001, we began to equally share the costs of the PSMA Development
Company LLC and we expect to incur significant and increasing costs in the
future to fund our share of the joint venture. We had a net loss of $12.1
million for the year ended December 31, 2001. We had a net loss of $27.3 million
for the year ended December 31, 2000 which included non-cash charges of $13.1
million for the acquisition of product candidate rights and $4.3 million for the
cumulative effect of an accounting change following the adoption of Securities
and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101. We had an accumulated
deficit of $361.7 million as of June 30, 2003.
In order to develop and commercialize our technologies, particularly our
prostate specific membrane antigen, or PSMA, technology, and expand our oncology
products, we expect to incur significant increases in our expenses over the next
several years. As a result, we will need to generate significant additional
revenue to become profitable.
To date, we have taken affirmative steps to reduce our trend of operating
losses. Such steps include, among other things: (i) the effective monitoring and
management of expenses relating to research and development, selling and
marketing, and other general and administrative matters; (ii) undergoing steps
to realign and implement our focus as a product-driven, oncology-focused
biopharmaceutical company; (iii) the establishment and maintenance of our
in-house specialty sales force; (iv) enhancing our marketed product portfolio
through marketing alliances and strategic arrangements such as we have done with
the Combidex product, which we intend to market if this product is approved by
the FDA; (v) the reacquisition of North American and Latin American marketing
rights to Quadramet from Berlex Laboratories in August 2003; and (vi) the
addition of NMP22 BladderChek to our marketed product portfolio.
Although we have taken these affirmative steps, we may never be able to
successfully implement them, and our ability to generate and sustain significant
additional revenues or achieve profitability will depend upon the factors
discussed elsewhere in this "Risk Factors" section, as well as numerous other
factors outside of our control, including:
- development of competing products that are more effective or less
costly than ours;
- our ability to develop and commercialize our own products and
technologies; and
- our ability to achieve increased sales for our existing products and
sales for any new products.
As a result, we may never be able to generate or sustain significant additional
revenue or achieve profitability.
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WE DEPEND ON SALES OF PROSTASCINT AND QUADRAMET FOR THE MAJORITY OF OUR
NEAR-TERM REVENUES.
We expect ProstaScint and Quadramet to account for a significant percentage of
our product related revenues in the near future. For the year ended December 31,
2002, revenues from ProstaScint and royalties from Quadramet accounted for
approximately 64% and 15%, respectively, of our product related revenues; and in
the six months ended June 30, 2003, revenues from ProstaScint and royalties from
Quadramet accounted for approximately 72% and 20%, respectively, of our product
related revenues. If ProstaScint or Quadramet do not achieve broader market
acceptance, either because we fail to effectively market such products or our
competitors introduce competing products, we may not be able to generate
sufficient revenue to become profitable. In 2002, our product related revenue
included revenue from BrachySeed, which accounted for 20% of our product related
revenue. In January 2003, we served notice of termination for each of our
License and Distribution Agreement and Product Manufacturing and Supply
Agreement with Draximage with respect to both the BrachySeed I-125 and
BrachySeed Pd-103 products. As a result, effective January 24, 2003, we no
longer accept or fill new orders for the BrachySeed products. In April 2003, we
entered into an agreement with Draximage formally terminating each of these
agreements.
Generating market acceptance and sales of our products is difficult, time
consuming and uncertain. We launched ProstaScint in October 1996, Quadramet in
March 1997, OncoScint CR/OV in December 1992, BrachySeed I-125 in February 2001,
BrachySeed Pd-103 in May 2002 and NMP22 BladderChek in November 2002. Revenues
for ProstaScint grew from $55,000 in 1996 to $7.9 million in 2002. Royalties
from sales of Quadramet went from $3.3 million in 1997 to $1.8 million in 2002.
Royalties from sales of Quadramet in the initial years of sales were supported
by a guaranteed minimum revenue arrangement with the third party licensor of
Quadramet. OncoScint CR/OV selling activity was discontinued in December 2002
and selling activities for the BrachySeed products were discontinued in January
2003. NMP22 BladderChek is a relatively new product for us. Currently, all of
our revenues are derived from sales of ProstaScint, Quadramet and NMP22
BladderChek products, as well as certain license and contract revenues.
WE DEPEND ON ACCEPTANCE OF OUR PRODUCTS BY THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY FOR THE
CONTINUATION OF OUR REVENUES.
Because our marketed products contribute the majority of our product related
revenues, our business, financial condition and results of operations depend on
their acceptance as safe, effective and cost-efficient alternatives to other
available treatment and diagnostic protocols by the medical community,
including:
- health care providers, such as hospitals and physicians; and
- third-party payors, including Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance
carriers and health maintenance organizations.
Our customers, including technologists and physicians, must successfully
complete our Partners in Excellence Program, or PIE Program, a proprietary
training program designed to promote the correct acquisition and interpretation
of ProstaScint images. This product is technique dependent and requires a
learning commitment by technologists and physicians and their acceptance of this
product as part of their treatment practices. If ProstaScint or Quadramet do not
achieve broader market acceptance, we may not be able to generate sufficient
revenue to become profitable.
THE REDUCED WORKFORCE AT AXCELL MAY NOT BE ABLE TO IMPLEMENT AXCELL'S BUSINESS
PLAN.
In September 2002, we implemented the restructuring of our subsidiary, AxCell
Biosciences Corporation, in an effort to reduce expenses and position Cytogen
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for stronger long-term growth in oncology. As a result, we reduced our staff at
AxCell by seventy-five percent, suspended certain projects at AxCell and
implemented other cost-saving measures.
The technologies under development at AxCell are complex and remain commercially
unproven. Even if we are able to develop and commercialize a product through
AxCell, there may be fewer than 100 pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology
companies that are potential customers for such technology or product.
Although we believe that we have retained the AxCell personnel who are key to
achieving AxCell's goals and implementing its strategies, such reduced workforce
may not be able to implement AxCell's current business plan. The further loss of
any of AxCell's personnel could have a material adverse effect on AxCell's
ability to achieve its goals.
WE MAY NEED TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL, WHICH MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE.
Our cash and cash equivalents were $13.5 million as of June 30, 2003, compared
to $14.7 million as of December 31, 2002. We expect that our existing capital
resources should be adequate to fund our operations and commitments into the
second half of 2004.
We have incurred negative cash flows from operations since our inception and
have expended, and expect to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds
based upon the:
- success of our product commercialization efforts;
- success of any future acquisitions of complementary products and
technologies we may make;
- magnitude, scope and results of our product development and research
and development efforts;
- progress of preclinical studies and clinical trials;
- progress toward regulatory approval for our products;
- costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims
and other intellectual property rights;
- competing technological and market developments; and
- expansion of strategic alliances for the sale, marketing and
distribution of our products.
Our business or operations may change in a manner that would consume available
resources more rapidly than anticipated. We expect that we will have additional
requirements for debt or equity capital, irrespective of whether and when we
reach profitability, for further product development costs, product and
technology acquisition costs, and working capital. To the extent that the
currently available funds and revenues are insufficient to meet current or
planned operating requirements, we will be required to obtain additional funds
through equity or debt financing, strategic alliances with corporate partners
and others, or through other sources. These financial sources may not be
available when we need them or they may be available, but on terms that are not
commercially acceptable to us. If adequate funds are not available, we may be
required to delay, further scale back or eliminate certain aspects of our
operations or attempt to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative
partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our
technologies, product candidates, products or potential markets. If adequate
funds are not available, our business, financial condition and results of
operations will be materially and adversely affected.
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OUR CAPITAL RAISING EFFORTS MAY DILUTE STOCKHOLDER INTERESTS.
If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, the issuance will
result in ownership dilution to our existing stockholders. The extent of such
dilution will vary based upon the amount of capital raised.
WE MAY NEED TO RAISE FUNDS OTHER THAN THROUGH THE ISSUANCE OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements,
we may be required to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or
product candidates or to grant licenses on unfavorable terms. If we relinquish
rights or grant licenses on unfavorable terms, we may not be able to develop or
market products in a manner that is profitable to us.
OUR PRODUCTS, GENERALLY, ARE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND
COMMERCIALIZATION AND WE MAY NEVER ACHIEVE THE REVENUE GOALS SET FORTH IN OUR
BUSINESS PLAN.
We began operations in 1980 and have been engaged primarily in research directed
toward the development, commercialization and marketing of products to improve
diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases. In December 1992, we
introduced OncoScint CR/OV, and subsequently ceased selling and marketing this
product in December 2002. In October 1996, we introduced for commercial use our
ProstaScint imaging agent. In March 1997, we introduced for commercial use our
Quadramet therapeutic product. In 2001, we launched the iodine version of
BrachySeed. In May 2002, we launched the palladium version of BrachySeed. In
January 2003, we discontinued our marketing and sale of the BrachySeed products.
In November 2002, we began promoting NMP22 BladderChek to urologists in the
United States.
Our PSMA technologies are still in the early stages of development. We have
significantly reduced operations at our AxCell subsidiary, which is responsible
for the development certain of our technologies. We may be unable to develop or
commercialize these products and technologies.
Our business is therefore subject to the risks inherent in the development of an
early stage biopharmaceutical business enterprise, such as the need:
- to obtain sufficient capital to support the expenses of developing our
technology and commercializing our products;
- to ensure that our products are safe and effective;
- to obtain regulatory approval for the use and sale of our products;
- to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities and at a
reasonable cost;
- to develop a sufficient market for our products; and
- to attract and retain qualified management, sales, technical and
scientific staff.
The problems frequently encountered using new technologies and operating in a
competitive environment also may affect our business. If we fail to properly
address these risks and attain our business objectives, our business could be
significantly and adversely affected.
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OUR PSMA PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IS NOVEL AND, CONSEQUENTLY, INHERENTLY
RISKY.
We are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development of product
candidates based on new technologies, including our PSMA technology. These risks
include the possibility that:
- the technologies we use will not be effective;
- our product candidates will be unsafe;
- our product candidates will fail to receive the necessary regulatory
approvals;
- the product candidates will be hard to manufacture on a large scale or
will be uneconomical to market; and
- we will not successfully overcome technological challenges presented
by our potential new products.
Our other research and development programs involve similarly novel approaches
to human therapeutics. Consequently, there is no precedent for the successful
commercialization of therapeutic products based on our PSMA technologies. If we
fail to develop such products, our business could be significantly and adversely
affected.
ALL OF OUR POTENTIAL ONCOLOGY PRODUCTS WILL BE SUBJECT TO THE RISKS OF FAILURE
INHERENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS BASED ON NEW
TECHNOLOGIES.
Product development for cancer treatment involves a high degree of risk. The
product candidates we develop, pursue or offer may not prove to be safe and
effective, may not receive the necessary regulatory approvals, may be precluded
by proprietary rights of third parties or may not ultimately achieve market
acceptance. These product candidates will require substantial additional
investment, laboratory development, clinical testing and regulatory approvals
prior to their commercialization. We may experience difficulties, such as
inability to receive timely regulatory approvals, that could delay or prevent
the successful development, introduction and marketing of new products.
Before we obtain regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any of our
products under development, we must demonstrate through preclinical studies and
clinical trials that the product is safe and efficacious for use in each target
indication. The results from preclinical studies and early clinical trials may
not be predictive of results that will be obtained in large-scale testing. Our
clinical trials may not demonstrate safety and efficacy of a proposed product,
and therefore, may not result in marketable products. A number of companies in
the biotechnology industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced
clinical trials, even after promising results in earlier trials. Clinical trials
or marketing of any potential diagnostic or therapeutic products may expose us
to liability claims for the use of these diagnostic or therapeutic products. We
may not be able to maintain product liability insurance or sufficient coverage
may not be available at a reasonable cost. In addition, as we develop diagnostic
or therapeutic products internally, we will have to make significant investments
in diagnostic or therapeutic product development, marketing, sales and
regulatory compliance resources. We will also have to establish or contract for
the manufacture of products, including supplies of drugs used in clinical
trials, under the current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, of the FDA. In
addition, the FDA may, among other things, subsequently disapprove or may recall
our product candidates that were previously approved. We also cannot assure you
that product issues will not arise following successful clinical trials and FDA
approval.
The rate of completion of clinical trials also depends on the rate of patient
enrollment. Patient enrollment depends on many factors, including the size of
the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to
clinical sites and the eligibility criteria for the study. Delays in planned
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patient enrollment may result in increased costs and delays, which could have a
harmful effect on our ability to develop the products in our pipeline. If we are
unable to develop and commercialize products on a timely basis or at all, our
business could be significantly and adversely affected.
COMPETITION IN OUR FIELD IS INTENSE AND LIKELY TO INCREASE.
We face, and will continue to face, intense competition from one or more of the
following entities:
- pharmaceutical companies;
- biotechnology companies;
- bioinformatics companies;
- diagnostic companies;
- academic and research institutions; and
- government agencies.
All of our products and product candidate are subject to significant competition
from organizations that are pursuing technologies and products that are the same
as or similar to our technology and products. Many of the organizations
competing with us have greater capital resources, research and development
staffs and facilities and marketing capabilities.
The markets for therapeutic and diagnostic products that address prostate and
bladder cancers are large. Our most significant competitors include various
pharmaceutical and medical device companies, radiopharmaceutical distributors
and biotechnology companies.
Metastron (Strontium-89), which competes with Quadramet (Samarium-153
Lexidronam), is manufactured and distributed by Amersham Health. Amersham has
announced plans to transfer marketing rights for Metastron to Oncura. The FDA
recently approved a generic version of Sr-89 for bone pain palliation, which is
marketed by Bio-Nucleonics Pharma as Strontium Chloride Sr-89 Injection, USP.
A single agent, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), competes with ProstaScint
(Capromab pendetide). PET imaging agent, 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG), is
produced and distributed by various radiopharmaceutical suppliers (such as
PETnet and Cardinal Health Nuclear Pharmacy Services). PET (FDG) may also be
used to image lymph node metastasis in cancer patients, which may prove
competitive to Combidex, following FDA approval, if received, and subsequent
market introduction of Combidex.
Polymedco manufactures BTAstat, a point of care urine-based test approved for
monitoring bladder cancer patients. BTAstat, marketed by Mentor, competes with
NMP22 BladderChek (which we have licensed from Matritech). NMP22 BladderChek is,
however, the only point of care urine-based test approved for both monitoring
and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Matritech has retained rights to market NMP22
BladderChek directly to physicians other than urologists and oncologists, such
as primary care physicians.
Additionally, we face competition in the development of PSMA-related technology
and products primarily from Millenium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Medarex, Inc.
Before we recover development expenses for our products and technologies, the
products or technologies may become obsolete as a result of technological
developments by others or us. Our products could also be made obsolete by new
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technologies, which are less expensive or more effective. We may not be able to
make the enhancements to our technology necessary to compete successfully with
newly emerging technologies and failure to do so could significantly and
adversely affect our business.
WE RELY HEAVILY ON OUR COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS.
Our success depends in significant part upon the success and financial stability
of our collaborative partners. We have entered into the following agreements for
the sale, marketing, distribution and manufacture of our products, product
candidates and technologies:
- license from The Dow Chemical Company relating to the Quadramet
technology;
- agreement for manufacture of Quadramet by Bristol Myers Squibb
(formerly The DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company);
- joint venture with Progenics Pharmaceuticals for the development of
PSMA for IN VIVO immunotherapy for prostate and other cancers;
- licensing agreement with Molecular Staging for technology to be used
in developing IN VITRO diagnostic tests using PSMA and prostate
specific antigen, or PSA;
- a Supply Agreement with Laureate Pharma L.P. for the production of
ProstaScint;
- an agreement with Matritech to market and distribute NMP22 BladderChek
to urologists and oncologists in the United States;
- marketing, license and supply agreements with Advanced Magnetics, Inc.
related to Combidex and Code 7228;
- a License Agreement between our joint venture, PSMA Development
Company LLC, and AlphaVax Human Vaccines, Inc.; and
- a Collaboration Agreement between our joint venture and Abgenix, Inc.
Because our collaborative partners are responsible for certain manufacturing and
distribution activities, among others, these activities are outside our direct
control and we rely on our partners to perform their obligations. For example,
Matritech retained the ability to market its NMP22 BladderChek to primary care
physicians and others and has begun such marketing efforts. In the event that
our collaborative partners are entitled to enter into third party arrangements
that may economically disadvantage us, or breach their obligations under our
agreements, our products may not be commercially successful. As a result, any
success may be delayed and new product development could be inhibited with the
result that our business could be significantly and adversely affected.
OUR BUSINESS COULD BE HARMED IF CERTAIN AGREEMENTS EXPIRE OR ARE TERMINATED
EARLY.
If our collaborative agreements expire or are terminated and we cannot renew or
replace them on commercially reasonable terms, our business and financial
results may suffer. For example, in January 2003, we provided Draximage Inc.
with notice of our intent to terminate our Product Manufacturing and Supply
Agreement and License Agreement with Draximage relating to the BrachySeed
products which represented 20% of our product related revenues for the year
ended December 31, 2002. In April 2003, we entered into an agreement with
Draximage formally terminating each of these agreements. We no longer market and
sell the BrachySeed products.
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We currently depend on the following agreements for our present and future
operating results:
DOW CHEMICAL:
In March 1993, we obtained an exclusive license from The Dow Chemical Company to
North American rights to use Quadramet as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for
metabolic bone disease or tumor regression for cancer caused by metastatic or
primary cancer in bone in humans, and for the treatment of disease characterized
by osteoblastic response in humans. Our license was expanded to include Latin
America in 1995. Our license agreement with Dow with respect to Quadramet shall
remain in effect, unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms thereof, for a
term of twenty (20) years from March 31, 1993 or until the last to expire of the
related patents. We currently anticipate such termination date to be June 9,
2015.
BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB:
Upon our reacquisition of marketing rights to Quadramet from Berlex
Laboratories, Inc. in August 2003, we assumed all of Berlex's right, duties and
obligations under that certain Manufacturing and Supply Agreement dated January
1, 1999 by and among Cytogen, Berlex and Bristol-Myers Squibb (formerly DuPont
Pharmaceuticals Company) for the manufacture of Quadramet. The original term of
this agreement was to expire on December 31, 2003. However, the agreement
automatically renews for successive two-year periods, unless terminated by BMS
or Cytogen on two years' written notice. The term of this agreement has
therefore been extended through December 31, 2005.
MATRITECH:
In October 2002, we entered into a Distribution Agreement with Matritech, Inc.
to be the sole distributor for Matritech's NMP22 BladderChek device to
urologists and oncologists in the United States. Our retention of exclusivity
rights depends upon us meeting certain minimum annual purchases. Our agreement
with Matritech shall remain in effect until December 15, 2007, unless earlier
terminated in accordance with terms of such agreement. The agreement shall also
be renewed for successive one (1) year terms, upon mutual written consent
provided at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of the term of the agreement
(including any renewal thereof).
LAUREATE:
In January 2003, we entered into a Contract Manufacturing and Supply Agreement
with Laureate Pharma L.P., pursuant to which Laureate is obligated to
manufacture ProstaScint for us through December 31, 2003. We do not plan to
manufacture any ProstaScint in 2004.
MEMORIAL SLOAN-KETTERING CANCER CENTER:
In 1993, we began a development program with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center involving PSMA and our proprietary monoclonal antibody. In November 1996,
we exercised an option for, and obtained, an exclusive worldwide license to this
technology. The term of the license shall end on the date of expiration of the
last to expire of the related patents unless it earlier terminates by operation
of law or by acts of the parties in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL:
In March 1993, we entered into a License Agreement with The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, pursuant to which UNC granted Cytogen and our
affiliates an exclusive world-wide license with respect to certain technology,
patents and patent applications related to certain aspects of proteomics
technology, including our phage display. The agreement commenced on March 10,
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1993 and will expire, unless earlier terminated as provided therein, upon the
expiration of the last to expire of the licensed patents that cover a licensed
product.
ADVANCED MAGNETICS:
In August 2000, we entered into a license and marketing agreement with Advanced
Magnetics, Inc. for Combidex, an investigational magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) contrast agent that assists in the differentiation of metastatic from
non-metastatic lymph nodes. We hold exclusive United States marketing rights to
Combidex. Advanced Magnetics is continuing its discussions with the FDA relating
to outstanding issues regarding an approvable letter received from the FDA dated
June 2000, in an effort to bring Combidex to market. Our license and marketing
agreement with Advanced Magnetics will continue until August 25, 2010, and shall
thereafter automatically renew for successive five year periods, unless notice
of non-renewal or termination is given by us or Advanced Magnetics, 90 days
prior to the commencement of any renewal period.
If the licenses and/or agreements described above are terminated, we may not be
able to find suitable alternatives to them on a timely basis or on reasonable
terms, if at all. The loss of the right to use these technologies that we have
licensed or the loss of any services provided to us under these agreements would
significantly and adversely affect our business.
WE HAVE LIMITED SALES, MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION CAPABILITIES FOR OUR PRODUCTS.
We have established an internal sales force that is responsible for marketing
and selling ProstaScint, Quadramet and NMP22 BladderChek. However, such internal
sales force has limited sales, marketing and distribution capabilities for our
products, compared to those of many of our competitors. Effective August 1,
2003, we reacquired marketing rights to Quadramet from Berlex Laboratories, Inc.
in North and Latin America, for an upfront payment of $8.0 million and the
obligation to pay royalties to Berlex on future sales of Quadramet. If our
internal sales force is unable to successfully market Quadramet, our business
and financial condition may be adversely affected. If we are unable to establish
and maintain significant sales, marketing and distribution efforts within the
United States, either internally or through arrangements with third parties, our
business may be significantly and adversely affected. In locations outside of
the United States, we have not established a selling presence.
THERE ARE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MANUFACTURE AND SUPPLY OF OUR PRODUCTS.
If we are to be successful, our products will have to be manufactured by
contract manufacturers in compliance with regulatory requirements and at costs
acceptable to us. If we are unable to successfully arrange for the manufacture
of our products and product candidates, either because potential manufacturers
are not cGMP compliant, are not available or charge excessive amounts, we will
not be able to successfully commercialize our products and our business will be
significantly and adversely affected.
ProstaScint was manufactured at a cGMP compliant manufacturing facility operated
by Laureate Pharma L.P. (formerly Bard BioPharma L.P.). We had access to
Laureate's facility for continued manufacturing of the product until January
2002. We entered into a Development and Manufacturing Agreement with DSM
Biologics Company B.V. in July 2000, which we intended would replace our
arrangement with Laureate with respect to ProstaScint. Our relationship with DSM
has subsequently terminated. We entered into a new Contract Manufacturing
Agreement with Laureate Pharma L.P. in January 2003. Our failure to maintain a
long term supply agreement on commercially reasonable terms will have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Quadramet is manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) (formerly DuPont),
pursuant to an agreement with Cytogen. Some components of Quadramet,
particularly Samarium153 and EDTMP, are provided to BMS by outside suppliers.
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Due to radioactive decay, Samarium153 must be produced on a weekly basis. BMS
obtains its requirements for Samarium153 from one supplier. Alternative sources
for these components may not be readily available. If BMS cannot obtain
sufficient quantities of the components on commercially reasonable terms, or in
a timely manner, it would be unable to manufacture Quadramet on a timely and
cost-effective basis, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
Pursuant to the terms of our distribution agreement with Matritech, we rely on
Matritech as the sole supplier of NMP22 BladderChek. Matritech uses independent
contractors to manufacture the product. If Matritech fails to, or is unable to
provide the product, we could experience a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company, our contract manufacturers and testing laboratories are required to
adhere to United States Food & Drug Administration regulations setting forth
requirements for cGMP, and similar regulations in other countries, which include
extensive testing, control and documentation requirements. Ongoing compliance
with cGMP, labeling and other applicable regulatory requirements is monitored
through periodic inspections and market surveillance by state and federal
agencies, including the FDA, and by comparable agencies in other countries.
Failure of our contract vendors or us to comply with applicable regulations
could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions,
civil penalties, failure of the government to grant premarket clearance or
premarket approval of drugs, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals,
seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and criminal
prosecutions any of which could significantly and adversely affect our business.
FAILURE OF CONSUMERS TO OBTAIN ADEQUATE REIMBURSEMENT FROM THIRD-PARTY PAYORS
COULD LIMIT MARKET ACCEPTANCE AND AFFECT PRICING OF OUR PRODUCTS.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations will continue to be
affected by the efforts of governments and other third-party payors to contain
or reduce the costs of healthcare. There have been, and we expect that there
will continue to be, a number of federal and state proposals to implement
government control of pricing and profitability of therapeutic and diagnostic
imaging agents such as our products. In addition, an emphasis on managed care
increases possible pressure on pricing of these products. While we cannot
predict whether these legislative or regulatory proposals will be adopted, or
the effects these proposals or managed care efforts may have on our business,
the announcement of these proposals and the adoption of these proposals or
efforts could affect our stock price or our business. Further, to the extent
these proposals or efforts have an adverse effect on other companies that are
our prospective corporate partners, our ability to establish necessary strategic
alliances may be harmed.
Sales of our products depend in part on reimbursement to the consumer from
third-party payors, including Medicare, Medicaid and private health insurance
plans. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for
medical products and services. If third-party payors determine that our products
are not cost-effective, they may discontinue reimbursement to consumers.
Alternatively, such reimbursement may not be sufficient to allow us to sell our
products on a competitive basis. Approval of our products for reimbursement by a
third-party payor may depend on a number of factors, including the payor's
determination that our products are clinically useful and cost-effective,
medically necessary and not experimental or investigational. Reimbursement is
determined by each payor individually and in specific cases. The reimbursement
process can be time consuming. If we cannot secure adequate third-party
reimbursement for our products, our business could be significantly and
adversely affected.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO COMPLY WITH APPLICABLE GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION WE MAY NOT BE
ABLE TO CONTINUE OUR OPERATIONS.
Any products tested, manufactured or distributed by us or on our behalf pursuant
to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by numerous
regulatory authorities, including primarily the FDA. We may be slow to adapt, or
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we may never adapt to changes in existing requirements or adoption of new
requirements or policies. Our failure to comply with regulatory requirements
could subject us to enforcement action, including product seizures, recalls,
withdrawal, suspension, or revocation of approvals, restrictions on or
injunctions against marketing our products based on our technology, and civil
and criminal penalties. We may incur significant costs to comply with laws and
regulations in the future or compliance with laws or regulations may create an
unsustainable burden on our business.
Numerous federal, state and local governmental authorities, principally the FDA,
and similar regulatory agencies in other countries, regulate the preclinical
testing, clinical trials, manufacture and promotion of any compounds or agents
we or our collaborative partners develop, and the manufacturing and marketing of
any resulting drugs. The product development and regulatory approval process is
lengthy, expensive, uncertain and subject to delays.
The regulatory risks we face also include the following:
- any compound or agent we or our collaborative partners develop must
receive regulatory agency approval before it may be marketed as a drug
in a particular country;
- the regulatory process, which includes preclinical testing and
clinical trials of each compound or agent in order to establish its
safety and efficacy, varies from country to country, can take many
years and requires the expenditure of substantial resources;
- in all circumstances, approval of the use of previously unapproved
radioisotopes in certain of our products requires approval of either
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or equivalent state regulatory
agencies, which may be a lengthy process. A radioisotope is an
unstable form of an element which undergoes radioactive decay, thereby
emitting radiation which may be used, for example, to image or destroy
harmful growths or tissue;
- data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible
to varying interpretations which could delay, limit or prevent
regulatory agency approval; and
- delays or rejections may be encountered based upon changes in
regulatory agency policy during the period of product development
and/or the period of review of any application for regulatory agency
approval. These delays could adversely affect the marketing of any
products we or our collaborative partners develop, impose costly
procedures upon our activities, diminish any competitive advantages we
or our collaborative partners may attain and adversely affect our
ability to receive royalties.
Regulatory agency approval for a product or agent may not be received and may
entail limitations on the indicated uses that could limit the potential market
for any such product. For example, as disclosed in our press releases and
periodic filings, we have exclusive United States marketing rights to Combidex,
an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent for magnetic resonance
imaging of lymph nodes, that is pending clearance by the United States Food and
Drug Administration. In June 2000, Advanced Magnetics received an approvable
letter from the FDA with respect to Combidex. An approvable letter is a written
communication to an applicant from the FDA stating that the agency will approve
the application or abbreviated application if specific additional information or
material is submitted or specific conditions are met. An approvable letter does
not constitute approval of any part of an application or abbreviated application
and does not permit marketing of the drug that is the subject of the application
or abbreviated application. We are awaiting further information from the FDA
regarding Combidex.
Furthermore, if and when such approval is obtained, the marketing, manufacture,
labeling, packaging, reporting, storage, advertising and promotion and record
keeping related to our products would remain subject to extensive regulatory
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requirements. Discovery of previously unknown problems with a drug, its
manufacture or its manufacturer may result in restrictions on such drug,
manufacture or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the drug from the market.
Failure to comply with regulatory requirements could result in fines,
injunctions, seizures, recalls, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory
approvals, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution.
The United States Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act requires (i) that our products be
manufactured in FDA registered facilities subject to inspection, and (ii) that
we comply with cGMP, which imposes certain procedural and documentation
requirements upon us and our manufacturing partners with respect to
manufacturing and quality assurance activities. If we or our contract partners
do not comply with cGMP we may be subject to sanctions, including fines,
injunctions, civil penalties, recalls or seizures of products, total or partial
suspension of production, product recalls, failure of the government to grant
premarket clearance or premarket approval for drugs, withdrawal of marketing
approvals and criminal prosecution.
WE COULD BE NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY FUTURE INTERPRETATION OR IMPLEMENTATION OF
FEDERAL AND STATE FRAUD AND ABUSE LAWS, INCLUDING ANTI-KICKBACK LAWS, THE
FEDERAL STARK LAW AND OTHER FEDERAL AND STATE ANTI-REFERRAL LAWS.
We are subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to health care fraud
and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws.
Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions,
including, in some instances, imprisonment and exclusion from participation in
federal and state health care programs, including Medicare, Medicaid and
Veterans Administration health programs. We have not been challenged by a
governmental authority under any of these laws and believe that our operations
are in compliance with such laws. However, because of the far-reaching nature of
these laws, we may be required to alter one or more of our practices to be in
compliance with these laws. Health care fraud and abuse regulations are complex
and even minor, inadvertent irregularities can potentially give rise to claims
that the statute has been violated. Any violations of these laws could result in
a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations. If there is a change in law, regulation or administrative or
judicial interpretations, we may have to change our business practices or our
existing business practices could be challenged as unlawful, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
We could become subject to false claims litigation under federal statutes, which
can lead to civil money penalties, criminal fines and imprisonment, and/or
exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state
health care programs. These false claims statutes include the False Claims Act,
which allows any person to bring suit alleging false or fraudulent claims under
federal programs or contracts claims or other violations of the statute and to
share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or
settlement. Such suits, known as qui tam actions, have increased significantly
in recent years and have increased the risk that a health care company, such as
us, will have to defend a false claim action, pay fines or be excluded from the
Medicare program, Medicaid programs or other federal and state health care
programs as a result of an investigation arising out of such action. If we are
unsuccessful in defending against any such action, such action may have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
WE DEPEND ON ATTRACTING AND RETAINING KEY PERSONNEL.
We are highly dependent on the principal members of our management and
scientific staff. The loss of their services might significantly delay or
prevent the achievement of development or strategic objectives. Our success
depends on our ability to retain key employees and to attract additional
qualified employees. Competition for personnel is intense, and therefore we may
not be able to retain existing personnel or attract and retain additional highly
qualified employees in the future.
-15-
During 2002, we announced numerous changes to members of our senior management.
H. Joseph Reiser, Ph.D. who held the position of President and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company from April 1998 until December 2002, resigned from his
position for personal reasons. Michael D. Becker, our former Vice President of
Business Development, was unanimously elected by our board of directors to serve
as Dr. Reiser's replacement as President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Becker
was also unanimously elected to serve on our Board of Directors. Dr. Reiser has
remained a member of our Board of Directors. In addition, Lawrence R. Hoffman,
our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since July 2000, left the Company
to pursue other opportunities as of December 31, 2002. Ms. Thu Dang, our
Director of Finance, was subsequently promoted to Vice President of Finance.
Additionally, in the first quarter of 2003: (i) William Goeckeler, our Vice
President of Research and Development was promoted to Vice President,
Operations; (ii) Deborah Kaminsky, our Vice President of Sales and Marketing,
shifted her work focus, and serves as our Vice President, Business Development;
(iii) Rita Auld, our Director of Human Resources, was promoted to Vice
President, Human Resources and Administration and Corporate Secretary; (iv)
Corey Jacklin assumed the responsibilities of Senior Director of Sales; and (v)
June Gobern was promoted to Senior Director of Marketing.
On September 4, 2003, Christopher P. Schnittker joined Cytogen as our Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer.
On December 17, 2002, we entered into a letter agreement with Michael D. Becker
in connection with Mr. Becker's promotion to President and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company. Under the terms of such letter agreement, Mr. Becker
receives an annual base salary of $250,000. Mr. Becker is also eligible to
participate in our Cytogen Corporation Performance Bonus Plan, as and if
approved by our Board of Directors, with a target bonus rate of 30% of base
salary based upon performance objectives. Mr. Becker is also entitled to all
existing Company benefits, at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. In
addition, Mr. Becker was granted options to purchase 200,000 shares of our
common stock under our 1995 Stock Option Plan. Pursuant to the terms of the
letter agreement, in the event we terminate Mr. Becker's employment for reasons
other than for cause, as defined therein, Mr. Becker shall be entitled to
receive twelve month's base pay and continuation of benefits under COBRA, and a
pro rata portion of any incentive benefits earned through the date of
termination.
Each of our executive officers is currently party to an Executive Change of
Control Severance Agreement with Cytogen. Such agreements provide, generally,
for the payment of twelve months' base salary, a pro-rata portion of such
officer's bonus compensation, the continuation of all benefits, reasonable
Company-paid outplacement assistance and certain other accrued rights, in the
event such officer's employment with us is terminated in connection with certain
changes in control.
We do not carry key person life insurance policies and we do not typically enter
into long-term arrangements with our key personnel. If we are unable to hire and
retain personnel in key positions, our business could be significantly and
adversely affected unless qualified replacements can be found.
OUR BUSINESS EXPOSES US TO POTENTIAL LIABILITY CLAIMS THAT MAY EXCEED OUR
FINANCIAL RESOURCES, INCLUDING OUR INSURANCE COVERAGE, AND MAY LEAD TO THE
CURTAILMENT OR TERMINATION OF OUR OPERATIONS.
Our business is subject to product liability risks inherent in the testing,
manufacturing and marketing of our products and product liability claims may be
asserted against us, our collaborators or our licensees. While we currently
maintain product liability insurance in the amount of $10.0 million, such
coverage may not be adequate to protect us against future product liability
claims. In addition, product liability insurance may not be available to us in
the future on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Although we have not had
a history of claims payments that have exceeded our insurance coverage or
available financial resources, if liability claims against us exceed our
financial resources or coverage amounts, we may have to curtail or terminate our
operations. In addition, while we currently maintain directors and officers
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liability insurance in the amount of $20.0 million, such coverage may not be
available on commercially reasonable terms or be adequate to cover any claims
that we may be required to satisfy in the future. Our insurance coverage is
subject to industry standard and certain other limitations.
OUR BUSINESS INVOLVES ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS THAT MAY RESULT IN LIABILITY.
We are subject to a variety of local, state, federal and foreign government
regulations relating to storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation,
manufacture and disposal of toxic, infectious or other hazardous substances used
to manufacture our products. If we fail to comply with these regulations, we
could be liable for damages, penalties, or other forms of censure and our
business could be significantly and adversely affected. We currently do not
carry insurance for contamination or injury resulting from the use of such
materials.
Two of our marketed products, ProstaScint and Quadramet utilize radioactive
materials. ProstaScint is not manufactured or shipped as a radioactive material
because the radioactive component is not added until the product has arrived at
its final destination (a radiopharmacy). Laureate Pharma, the contract
manufacturer of ProstaScint, holds a radioactive materials license because such
license is required for certain release and stability tests of the product.
Quadramet, however, is manufactured and shipped as radioactive, and therefore,
the manufacturing and distribution of this product must comply with regulations
promulgated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Bristol Myers Squibb
manufacturers and distributes Quadramet, and is, therefore, subject to these
regulations.
OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IS DIFFICULT TO PROTECT.
Our business and competitive positions are dependent upon our ability to protect
our proprietary technology. Because of the substantial length of time and
expense associated with development of new products, we, like the rest of the
biopharmaceutical industry, place considerable importance on obtaining and
maintaining patent and trade secret protection for new technologies, products
and processes. We have filed patent applications for our technology for
diagnostic and therapeutic products and the methods for their production and
use.
In addition, the protection afforded by a duly issued patent is limited in
duration. With respect to our ProstaScint product, we rely primarily on United
States patent numbers 5,763,202 (expiring June 9, 2015) and 5,162,504 (expiring
October 28, 2010). Such patents were assigned to us by Julius S. Horosziewicz.
With respect to Quadramet, we rely primarily on United States patent numbers
5,066,478 (expiring November 19, 2008), 5,300,279 (expiring April 5, 2011),
5,762,907 (expiring June 19, 2015), 5,714,604 (expiring February 3, 2015),
4,897,254 (expiring January 30, 2007) and 4,898,724 (expiring March 28, 2011),
which were licensed to us by The Dow Chemical Company. In addition, we rely on
United States patent number 5,495,042 (expiring November 4, 2013), which was
assigned to us by Benjamin A. Belinka, Jr.
The patent positions of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies, including us, are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and
factual questions. Our patent applications may not protect our technologies and
products because, among other things:
- there is no guarantee that any of our pending patent applications will
result in issued patents;
- we may develop additional proprietary technologies that are not
patentable;
- there is no guarantee that any patents issued to us, our collaborators
or our licensors will provide a basis for a commercially viable
product;
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- there is no guarantee that any patents issued to us or our
collaborators will provide us with any competitive advantage;
- there is no guarantee that any patents issued to us or our
collaborators will not be challenged, circumvented or invalidated by
third parties; and
- there is no guarantee that any patents previously issued to others or
issued in the future will not have an adverse effect on our ability to
do business.
In addition, patent law in the technology fields in which we operate is
uncertain and still evolving. The degree of protection that may be afforded any
patents we are issued or license from others may not be sufficient to protect
our commercial interests. Furthermore, others may independently develop similar
or alternative technologies, duplicate our technologies, or, if patents are
issued to us, design around the patented technologies developed by us. We could
incur substantial costs in litigation if we are required to defend ourselves in
patent suits by third parties or if we initiate such suits. In addition, if
challenged by others in litigation, the patents we have been issued, or which we
have been assigned or we have licensed from others may be found invalid. It is
also possible that our activities may infringe patents owned by others. Defense
and prosecution of patent matters can be expensive and time-consuming and,
regardless of whether the outcome is favorable to us, can result in the
diversion of substantial financial, managerial and other resources. An adverse
outcome could:
- subject us to significant liability to third parties;
- require us to cease any related research and development activities
and product sales; or
- require us to obtain licenses from third parties.
Any licenses required under any such third-party patents or proprietary rights
may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Moreover, the
laws of certain countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same
extent as the laws of the United States. We cannot predict whether our or our
competitors' pending patent applications will result in the issuance of valid
patents which may significantly and adversely affect our business.
OUR SECURITY MEASURES MAY NOT PROTECT OUR UNPATENTED PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY.
We also rely upon trade secret protection for some of our confidential and
proprietary information that is not subject matter for which patent protection
is available. To help protect our rights, we require all employees, consultants,
advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements that require
disclosure, and in most cases, assignment to us, of their ideas, developments,
discoveries and inventions, and that prohibit the disclosure of confidential
information to anyone outside Cytogen or our subsidiaries. Although we are
unaware of any unauthorized use or disclosure of our unpatented proprietary
technology to date, these agreements may not provide adequate protection for our
trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information or prevent such
unauthorized use or disclosure.
WE ARE CURRENTLY SUBJECT TO PATENT LITIGATION.
On March 17, 2000, we were served with a complaint filed against us in the
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey by M. David
Goldenberg ("Goldenberg") and Immunomedics, Inc. (collectively "Plaintiffs").
The litigation claims that our ProstaScint product infringes a patent
purportedly owned by Goldenberg and licensed to Immunomedics. We believe that
ProstaScint does not infringe this patent, and that the patent is invalid and
unenforceable. The patent sought to be enforced in the litigation has now
expired; as a result, the claim, even if successful, would not result in an
injunction barring the continued sale of ProstaScint or affect any other of our
products or technology. In addition, we have certain rights to indemnification
against litigation and litigation expenses from the inventor of technology used
in ProstaScint, which may be offset against royalty payments on sales of
ProstaScint. However, given the uncertainty associated with litigation, we may
incur material expenditures. On December 17, 2001, Cytogen filed a motion for
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summary judgment of non-infringement of the asserted claims of the
patent-in-suit. The Plaintiffs opposed that motion and filed their own
cross-motion for summary judgment of infringement. On July 3, 2002, the Court
denied both parties' summary judgment motions, with leave to renew those motions
after presenting expert testimony and legal argument based upon that testimony.
The parties subsequently presented expert testimony and submitted additional
briefing. On April 29, 2003, our motion for summary judgment of non-infringement
of all asserted claims was granted, plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment of
infringement was denied and the case was ordered closed. On May 12, 2003,
Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal regarding this decision to the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and subsequently filed their opening brief in
the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on July 28, 2003. On September 22,
2003, Cytogen filed its responsive brief. The Court has not yet set a date for
the argument on this appeal. On October 23, 2003, Plaintiffs filed their reply
brief in the Federal Circuit. The appeal is now fully briefed, but the Court has
not yet set a date for the argument.
OUR STOCK PRICE HAS BEEN AND MAY CONTINUE TO BE VOLATILE, AND YOUR INVESTMENT IN
OUR STOCK COULD DECLINE IN VALUE OR FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY.
The market prices for securities of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies
have historically been highly volatile, and the market has from time to time
experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the
operating performance of particular companies. The market price of our common
stock has fluctuated over a wide range and may continue to fluctuate for various
reasons, including, but not limited to, announcements concerning our competitors
or us regarding:
- results of clinical trials;
- technological innovations or new commercial products;
- changes in governmental regulation or the status of our regulatory
approvals or applications;
- changes in earnings;
- changes in health care policies and practices;
- developments or disputes concerning proprietary rights;
- litigation or public concern as to safety of the our potential
products; and
- changes in general market conditions.
These fluctuations may be exaggerated if the trading volume of our common stock
is low. These fluctuations may or may not be based upon any of our business or
operating results. Our common stock may experience similar or even more dramatic
price and volume fluctuations which may continue indefinitely. The following
table sets forth the high and low sale prices for our common stock for each of
the quarters in the period beginning July 1, 2000 through September 30, 2003 as
reported on the Nasdaq National Market, and as adjusted for our one-for-ten
reverse stock split effected October 25, 2002:
Quarter Ended High Low
------------- ---- ---
September 30, 2000 $113.75 $55.00
December 31, 2000 $71.88 $20.00
March 31, 2001 $65.63 $23.13
June 30, 2001 $61.00 $21.88
September 30, 2001 $53.90 $19.00
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Quarter Ended High Low
------------- ---- ---
December 31, 2001 $45.50 $20.50
March 31, 2002 $34.70 $21.10
June 30, 2002 $22.40 $9.10
September 30, 2002 $11.50 $3.20
December 31, 2002 $8.44 $2.68
March 31, 2003 $3.90 $2.51
June 30, 2003 $8.60 $2.80
September 30, 2003 $14.78 $8.40
WE HAVE ADOPTED VARIOUS ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE MARKET
PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND PREVENT OR FRUSTRATE ATTEMPTS BY OUR STOCKHOLDERS
TO REPLACE OR REMOVE OUR MANAGEMENT TEAM.
Our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the holders
of common stock, to issue from time to time, up to 5,400,000 shares of preferred
stock in one or more classes or series, and to fix the rights and preferences of
the preferred stock. Pursuant to these provisions, we have implemented a
stockholder rights plan by which one preferred stock purchase right is attached
to each share of common stock, as a means to deter coercive takeover tactics and
to prevent an acquirer from gaining control of us without some mechanism to
secure a fair price for all of our stockholders if an acquisition was completed.
These rights will be exercisable if a person or group acquires beneficial
ownership of 20% or more of our common stock and can be made exercisable by
action of our board of directors if a person or group commences a tender offer
which would result in such person or group beneficially owning 20% or more of
our common stock. Each right will entitle the holder to buy one one-thousandth
of a share of a new series of our junior participating preferred stock for $20.
If any person or group becomes the beneficial owner of 20% or more of our common
stock (with certain limited exceptions), then each right not owned by the 20%
stockholder will entitle its holder to purchase, at the right's then current
exercise price, common shares having a market value of twice the exercise price.
In addition, if after any person has become a 20% stockholder, we are involved
in a merger or other business combination transaction with another person, each
right will entitle its holder (other than the 20% stockholder) to purchase, at
the right's then current exercise price, common shares of the acquiring company
having a value of twice the right's then current exercise price.
We are subject to provisions of Delaware corporate law which, subject to certain
exceptions, will prohibit us from engaging in any "business combination" with a
person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns 15% or more of our
common stock for a period of three years following the date that the person came
to own 15% or more of our common stock unless the business combination is
approved in a prescribed manner.
These provisions of the stockholder rights plan, our certificate of
incorporation, and of Delaware law may have the effect of delaying, deterring or
preventing a change in control of Cytogen, may discourage bids for our common
stock at a premium over market price and may adversely affect the market price,
and the voting and other rights of the holders, of our common stock. In
addition, these provisions make it more difficult to replace or remove our
current management team in the event our stockholders believe this would be in
the best interest of the Company and our stockholders.
THE LIQUIDITY OF OUR COMMON STOCK COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED IF WE ARE DELISTED
FROM THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET.
On August 14, 2002, we announced that we had received notification from the
Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. that our common stock had closed below the minimum
$1.00 per share requirement for the previous 30 consecutive trading days as
required under Marketplace Rule 4450(a)(5). In accordance with Marketplace Rule
4450 (e)(2), we were provided with 90 calendar days, or until November 12, 2002,
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to regain compliance by having the bid price for our common stock close at $1.00
or greater for a minimum period of 10 consecutive trading days.
On September 26, 2002, we announced that our Board of Directors unanimously
approved, and recommended to our stockholders, a proposal that would give the
Board of Directors authority to effect a reverse stock split of our common
stock, at a ratio of up to one-for-ten at any time prior to December 31, 2002. A
special meeting of our stockholders was held on October 25, 2002 to consider
such recommendation. Pursuant to the authority granted to our Board of Directors
at the special meeting, on October 25, 2002, we implemented a one-for-ten
reverse split of our outstanding and authorized shares of common stock.
We subsequently achieved compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4450(a)(5), and
received a letter from Nasdaq notifying us of such compliance on November 11,
2002.
If we do not continue to maintain compliance with this Marketplace Rule, or any
other Listing Standards which may apply to us, we may once again face delisting
from the Nasdaq National Market in the future.
In the event that we are unable maintain compliance with all relevant Nasdaq
Listing Standards, our securities may be subject to delisting from the Nasdaq
National Market. If such delisting occurs, the market price and market liquidity
of our common stock may be adversely affected.
Alternatively, if faced with such delisting, we may submit an application to
transfer the listing of our common stock to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. The
Nasdaq SmallCap Market also has a $1.00 minimum bid price requirement.
If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock would be eligible to
trade on the OTC Bulletin Board maintained by Nasdaq, another over-the-counter
quotation system, or on the pink sheets where an investor may find it more
difficult to dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of
our common stock. In addition, we would be subject to a rule promulgated by the
Securities and Exchange Commission that, if we fail to meet criteria set forth
in such rule, imposes various practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell
securities governed by the rule to persons other than established customers and
accredited investors. Consequently, such rule may deter broker-dealers from
recommending or selling our common stock, which may further affect the liquidity
of our common stock.
Delisting from Nasdaq will make trading our common stock more difficult for
investors, potentially leading to further declines in our share price. It would
also make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital. Further, if we
are delisted we would also incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in
connection with any sales of our securities. These requirements could severely
limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of our
shareholders to sell our common stock in the secondary market.
A LARGE NUMBER OF OUR SHARES ARE ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE WHICH MAY ADVERSELY
IMPACT THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
A large number of shares of our common stock are already outstanding, issuable
upon exercise of options and warrants, or the achievement of certain milestones
under previously completed acquisitions and may be eligible for resale, which
may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As of October 20,
2003 we had 10,992,382 shares of common stock outstanding, which number of
shares: (i) includes an aggregate of 241 shares of common stock to be issued to
prior holders of securities of CytoRad Incorporated and Cellcor, Inc., which we
acquired in 1995, upon each such holders respective exchange of such securities;
(ii) excludes 50,000 shares of common stock previously issued by us and
currently held in escrow pending release, upon certain conditions, to Advanced
Magnetics, who currently maintains voting control of such securities; and (iii)
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excludes 27,527 shares previously issued by us and currently held for issuance
by the custodian of our Employee Stock Purchase Plan to the participants
thereunder, in the event they elect to purchase such shares. An additional
436,869 shares of common stock are issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
stock options and an additional 1,944,485 shares of common stock are issuable
upon the exercise of outstanding warrants, including the warrants issued to the
selling stockholders in this prospectus. Substantially all of such shares
subject to outstanding options and warrants will, when issued upon exercise
thereof, be available for immediate resale in the public market pursuant to
either a currently effective registration statement under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, or pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 701 promulgated thereunder. In
addition, there are 125,382 additional shares of common stock reserved for
future issuance under our current stock options plans, 3,630 additional shares
of common stock reserved for issuance under our 401(k) Plan and 22,751
additional shares of common stock reserved for the future issuance under our
employee bonus plan. All such reserved shares have been registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to currently effective registration
statements. In addition, there are 86,468 additional shares of common stock,
subject to certain adjustments, reserved for future issuance in connection with
the issuance of a convertible promissory note, having a seven (7) year maturity,
to ELAN Corporation, plc in August 1998.
In connection with our acquisition of Prostagen, Inc. in June 1999, we issued
205,000 unregistered shares of our common stock to the then stockholders of
Prostagen, which shares may be sold from time to time pursuant to Rule 144 under
the Securities Act. Such stockholders also have certain piggyback registration
rights with respect to these shares of common stock. An additional 127,699
shares have been issued in 2002 and were subsequently registered on a
registration statement on Form S-3. An additional $2.0 million worth of Cytogen
common stock, which we are obligated to register under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, may be issued if certain milestones are achieved in the PSMA
development programs.
On October 25, 2001, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a
shelf registration statement on Form S-3 covering 1,000,000 shares of our common
stock. 297,066 and 416,670 of such registered shares were issued to the State of
Wisconsin Investment Board in private offering transactions in each of January
2002 and June 2002, respectively.
On July 3, 2003, we filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-3
covering 1,368,422 shares of our common stock, 315,790 of which shares of common
stock are underlying warrants. Such shares of common stock and warrants were
issued in a private offering transaction. Such Registration Statement became
effective on September 23, 2003.
On October 1, 2003, we filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-3
covering 2,694,664 shares of our common stock, 1,522,332 of which shares of
common stock are underlying warrants. 2,344,664 of such shares of common stock
and warrants were issued in a private offering transaction, 100,000 additional
warrants were issued to a consultant in connection with the financing and
250,000 additional warrants were issued in consideration for certain entities'
waiver of certain rights with respect to the July 2003 financing. Such
Registration Statement became effective on October 6, 2003.
Availability of a significant number of additional shares of our common stock
for future sale and issuance could depress the price of our common stock.
BECAUSE WE DO NOT INTEND TO PAY, AND HAVE NOT PAID, ANY CASH DIVIDENDS ON OUR
SHARES OF COMMON STOCK, OUR STOCKHOLDERS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RECEIVE A RETURN ON
THEIR SHARES UNLESS THE VALUE OF OUR SHARES APPRECIATES AND THEY SELL THEM.
We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock or other
securities and intend to retain any future earnings to finance the development
and expansion of our business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on
our common stock in the foreseeable future. Therefore, our stockholders will not
be able to receive a return on their shares unless the value of our shares
appreciates and they sell them.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus includes or incorporates forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than
statements of historical facts, included or incorporated in this prospectus
regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenues,
projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are
forward-looking statements. The words "anticipates," "believes," "estimates,"
"expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "projects," "will," "would" and similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not
all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We cannot
guarantee that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations
disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue
reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could
differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the
forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the
cautionary statements included or incorporated in this prospectus, particularly
under the heading "Risk Factors", that we believe could cause actual results or
events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make.
Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future
acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.
We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. You
should not unduly rely on forward-looking statements contained or incorporated
by reference in this prospectus. Actual results or outcomes may differ
materially from those predicted in our forward-looking statements due to the
risks and uncertainties inherent in our business.
You should read and interpret any forward-looking statements together
with the following documents:
- our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended;
- our most recent quarterly report of Form 10-Q;
- the risk factors contained in this prospectus under the caption "Risk
Factors"; and
- our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that
statement is made. We will not update any forward-looking statement to reflect
events or circumstances that occur after the date on which such statement is
made.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of our securities
registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, we will
retain broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds of this offering.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this and any future issuances
for:
- research and development of additional products;
- expansion of our sales and marketing capabilities;
- potential product acquisitions and/or potential acquisitions of
complementary businesses; and
- other general corporate purposes, including principally working
capital and capital expenditures.
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We have not determined the amount of net proceeds to be used for each
of the specific purposes indicated. The amounts and timing of the expenditures
may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, such as the progress of
our research and development efforts, technological advances and the competitive
environment for our products. Accordingly, we will have broad discretion to use
the proceeds as we see fit. Pending such uses, we intend to invest the net
proceeds in interest-bearing, investment grade securities.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may offer our securities for sale in one or more transactions,
including block transactions, at a fixed price or prices which may be changed,
at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such
prevailing market prices or at prices determined on a negotiated or competitive
bid basis. We may sell securities directly, through agents designated from time
to time, or by such other means as may be specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement. Participating agents or broker-dealers in the distribution of any of
the securities may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the
Securities Act. Any discount or commission received by any underwriter and any
participating agents or broker-dealers, and any profit on the resale of shares
of the securities purchased by any of them may be deemed to be underwriting
discounts or commissions under the Securities Act.
We may sell our securities through a broker-dealer acting as agent or
broker or to a broker-dealer acting as principal. In the latter case, the
broker-dealer may then resell such securities to the public at varying prices to
be determined by the broker-dealer at the time of resale.
To the extent required, the number and amount of the securities to be
sold, information relating to the underwriters, the purchase price, the public
offering price, if applicable, the name of any underwriter, agent or
broker-dealer, and any applicable commissions, discounts or other items
constituting compensation to such underwriters, agents or broker-dealers with
respect to a particular offering will be set forth in an accompanying supplement
to this prospectus.
If underwriters are used in a sale, securities will be acquired by the
underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or
more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering
price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The securities may be
offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one
or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as
underwriters. The underwriter or underwriters with respect to a particular
underwritten offering of the securities will be named in the prospectus
supplement relating to that offering and, if an underwriting syndicate is used,
the managing underwriter or underwriters will be stated on the cover of the
prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers, and agents may be entitled, under
agreements entered into with us, to indemnification against and contribution
toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities
Act.
Under the securities laws of some states, the securities registered by
the registration statement may be sold in those states only through registered
or licensed brokers or dealers.
Any person participating in the distribution of the securities
registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will
be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, and the applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and
regulations, including, among others, Regulation M, which may limit the timing
of purchases and sales of any of our securities by any such person. Furthermore,
Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution
of our securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to our
securities. These restrictions may affect the marketability of our securities
and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities
with respect to our securities.
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Upon sale under the registration statement that includes this
prospectus, the securities registered by the registration statement will be
freely tradable in the hands of persons other than our affiliates.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby has been
passed upon by Hale and Dorr LLP, Princeton, New Jersey.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Cytogen Corporation and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and for the year then ended, have been
incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance
upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent accountants, and
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent auditors, incorporated by reference
herein, and upon the authority of said firms as experts in accounting and
auditing. The audit report covering the December 31, 2002 consolidated financial
statements refers to KPMG LLP's audit of the adjustments that were applied to
restate the 2001 and 2000 consolidated financial statements, as more fully
described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. However, KPMG LLP
was not engaged to and did not audit, review, or apply any procedures to the
2001 and 2000 consolidated financial statements other than with respect to such
adjustments.
The consolidated balance sheet of Cytogen Corporation as of December
31, 2001 and the consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and
cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2001,
have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and in the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, from the Annual Report on Form
10-K of Cytogen Corporation. The financial statements for the years ended
December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2000 have been audited by Arthur Andersen
LLP, independent public accountants, as indicated in their report with respect
thereto, and are incorporated by reference herein. The Company has not received
an updated or reissued copy of such report dated February 5, 2002, and is
relying solely upon the manually-signed report of Arthur Andersen LLP previously
provided to the Company in connection with the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001. Arthur Andersen LLP has not consented
to the inclusion of their report in this prospectus, and we have dispensed with
the requirement to file their consent in reliance on Rule 437a promulgated under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Because Arthur Andersen has not
consented to the inclusion of their report in this prospectus, you will not be
able to recover against Arthur Andersen under Section 11 of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, for any untrue statements of a material fact contained in
the financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen or any omissions to state a
material fact required to be stated therein.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file reports, proxy statements and other documents with the SEC. You
may read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public reference room at
Judiciary Plaza Building, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C.
20549. You should call 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information on the public
reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to you on the SEC's Internet
site at http://www.sec.gov.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with
the SEC. The registration statement contains more information than this
prospectus regarding us and our common stock, including certain exhibits and
schedules. You can obtain a copy of the registration statement from the SEC at
the address listed above or from the SEC's Internet site.
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INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC requires us to "incorporate" into this prospectus information
that we file with the SEC in other documents. This means that we can disclose
important information to you by referring to other documents that contain that
information. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part
of this prospectus. Information contained in this prospectus and information
that we file with the SEC in the future and incorporate by reference in this
prospectus automatically updates and supersedes previously filed information. We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we
make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, prior to the sale of all the shares covered by this
prospectus.
(1) Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002,
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2003
(File No. 000-14879);
(2) Amendment No. 1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended
December 31, 2002, as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on March 31, 2003 (File No. 000-14879);
(3) Amendment No. 2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended
December 31, 2002, as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on September 19, 2003 (File No. 000-14879);
(4) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 17, 2003, as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 17, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(5) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 24, 2003, as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(6) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 8, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(7) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 14, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(8) Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2003,
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2003
(File No. 000-14879);
(9) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 6, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(10) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 18, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on July 3, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(11) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 10, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on July 11, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(12) Our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 14, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(13) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 15, 2003, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on July 15, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
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(14) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 1, 2003, as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 1, 2003 (File No.
000-14879);
(15) Our Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 14, 2003, as filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2003 (File No.
000-14829);
(16) Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2003,
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14,
2003 (File No. 000-14879);
(17) The description of our common stock contained in our Registration
Statement on Form 8-A, as supplemented by the disclosure set forth in
Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the quarter ended
June 30, 2000 and Exhibit 3 to our Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the
quarter ended June 30, 1996 (File No. 000-14879);
(18) The description of our Series C Junior Participating Preferred Stock
contained in Exhibit 1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 24, 1998 (File No.
333-020015); and
(19) All of our filings pursuant to the Exchange Act after the date of
filing the initial registration statement and prior to effectiveness
of the registration statement.
You may request a copy of these documents, which will be provided to
you at no cost, by writing or telephoning us using the following contact
information:
Cytogen Corporation
650 College Road East, 3rd Floor
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
Attention: Director, Legal
Telephone: 609-750-8222
YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE OR
PROVIDED IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR ANY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT. WE HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED
ANYONE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH INFORMATION DIFFERENT FROM THAT CONTAINED OR
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS. THE SELLING STOCKHOLDERS ARE
OFFERING TO SELL, AND SEEKING OFFERS TO BUY, SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK ONLY IN
JURISDICTIONS WHERE OFFERS AND SALES ARE PERMITTED. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN
THIS PROSPECTUS IS ACCURATE ONLY AS OF THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS, REGARDLESS
OF THE TIME OF DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR OF ANY SALE OF COMMON STOCK.
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is threatened to be
made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action
by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is
or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was
serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or
agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith
and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
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Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the
corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he or
she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and
reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the defense or settlement
of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or
she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any
claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be
liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of
Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine
upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all
of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled
to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court
shall deem proper.
Section 145 further provides that to the extent a director or officer
of a corporation has been successful in the defense of any action, suit or
proceeding referred to in subsection (a) and (b) or in the defense of any claim,
issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses
(including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection therewith; that the indemnification provided by Section 145 shall not
be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be
entitled; and that the scope of indemnification extends to directors, officers,
employees, or agents of a constituent corporation absorbed in a consolidation or
merger and persons serving in that capacity at the request of the constituent
corporation for another. Section 145 also empowers a corporation to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of a director or officer of the corporation against
any liability asserted against him or her or incurred by him or her in any such
capacity or arising out of his or her status as such whether or not the
corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such
liabilities under Section 145.
Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law enables a
corporation in its certificate of incorporation to limit the personal liability
of members of its board of directors for violation of a director's fiduciary
duty of care. This section does not, however, limit the liability of a director
for breaching his or her duty of loyalty, failing to act in good faith, engaging
in intentional misconduct or knowingly violating a law, authorizing a payment of
a dividend or approving a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware Corporate
Law or from any transaction in which the director derived an improper personal
benefit. This section also will have no effect on claims arising under the
federal securities laws.
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws provide that the
Company shall indemnify officers and directors and, to the extent permitted by
the Board of Directors, employees and agents of the Company, to the full extent
permitted by and in the manner permissible under the laws of the State of
Delaware. In addition, the By-Laws permit the Board of Directors to authorize
the Company to purchase and maintain insurance against any director, officer,
employee or agent of the Company arising out of his capacity as such.
Cytogen has obtained liability insurance for the benefit of its
directors and officers which provides coverage for losses of directors and
officers for liabilities arising out of claims against such persons acting as
directors or officers of Cytogen (or any subsidiary thereof) due to any breach
of duty, neglect, error, misstatement, misleading statement, omission or act
done by such directors and officers, except as prohibited by law.
-28-
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
The following table sets forth the various expenses to be incurred in
connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered
hereby, all of which will be borne by Cytogen Corporation. All amounts shown are
estimates except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.
Filing Fee - Securities and Exchange Commission ......... $ 4,854.00
Legal fees and expenses.................................. $20,000.00
Accounting fees and expenses............................. $ 4,000.00
----------
Total Expenses.................................. $28,854.00
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is threatened to be
made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action
by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is
or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was
serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or
agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she acted in good faith
and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the
corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he or
she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and
reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the defense or settlement
of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or
she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any
claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be
liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of
Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine
upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all
of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled
to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court
shall deem proper.
Section 145 further provides that to the extent a director or officer
of a corporation has been successful in the defense of any action, suit or
proceeding referred to in subsection (a) and (b) or in the defense of any claim,
issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses
(including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection therewith; that the indemnification provided by Section 145 shall not
be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be
entitled; and that the scope of indemnification extends to directors, officers,
II-1
employees, or agents of a constituent corporation absorbed in a consolidation or
merger and persons serving in that capacity at the request of the constituent
corporation for another. Section 145 also empowers a corporation to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of a director or officer of the corporation against
any liability asserted against him or her or incurred by him or her in any such
capacity or arising out of his or her status as such whether or not the
corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such
liabilities under Section 145.
Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law enables a
corporation in its certificate of incorporation to limit the personal liability
of members of its board of directors for violation of a director's fiduciary
duty of care. This section does not, however, limit the liability of a director
for breaching his or her duty of loyalty, failing to act in good faith, engaging
in intentional misconduct or knowingly violating a law, authorizing a payment of
a dividend or approving a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware Corporate
Law or from any transaction in which the director derived an improper personal
benefit. This section also will have no effect on claims arising under the
federal securities laws.
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws provide that the
Company shall indemnify officers and directors and, to the extent permitted by
the Board of Directors, employees and agents of the Company, to the full extent
permitted by and in the manner permissible under the laws of the State of
Delaware. In addition, the By-Laws permit the Board of Directors to authorize
the Company to purchase and maintain insurance against any director, officer,
employee or agent of the Company arising out of his capacity as such.
Cytogen has obtained liability insurance for the benefit of its
directors and officers which provides coverage for losses of directors and
officers for liabilities arising out of claims against such persons acting as
directors or officers of Cytogen (or any subsidiary thereof) due to any breach
of duty, neglect, error, misstatement, misleading statement, omission or act
done by such directors and officers, except as prohibited by law.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL SCHEDULES.
(a) Exhibits
5.1 Opinion of Hale and Dorr LLP.
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP.
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
23.3 Consent of Hale and Dorr LLP (Included in Exhibit
5.1).
24.1 Power of Attorney (Included on signature page).
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act");
II-2
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the
aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth
in this Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any
increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total
dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which has
been registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the
estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of
prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in
the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more that
a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the
"Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration
statement; and
(iii)To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement
or any material change to such information in this Registration
Statement;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that paragraphs (1)(i) and (1)(ii) do not apply if the
information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the
Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are
incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.
(2) That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial BONA
FIDE offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any
of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
(4) That, (i) for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of the registration statement in reliance upon Rule
430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)1 or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was
declared effective; and (ii) for the purpose of determining any liability under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each post-effective amendment that
contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering therof.
The Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant's annual
report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where
applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to
Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in this
Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial BONA FIDE offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
Registrant pursuant to the indemnification provisions described herein, or
otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or
controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-3
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration
Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Princeton, State of New Jersey, on October 28, 2003.
CYTOGEN CORPORATION
By: /s/ Michael D. Becker
-----------------------------------------
Michael D. Becker
President and Chief Executive Officer
SIGNATURES AND POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of Cytogen Corporation,
hereby severally constitute and appoint Michael D. Becker and Christopher P.
Schnittker and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full
power to any of them, and to each of them singly, to sign for us and in our
names in the capacities indicated below, the Registration Statement on Form S-3
filed herewith and any and all pre-effective and post-effective amendments to
said Registration Statement and generally to do all such things in our name and
behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Cytogen Corporation
to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all
requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and
confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of
them, to said Registration Statement and any and all amendments thereto.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
------------------------------------ -------------------------------------- -----------------
/s/ Michael D. Becker President, Chief Executive Officer and October 28, 2003
------------------------------------ Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Michael D. Becker
/s/ Christopher P. Schnittker Vice President and Chief Financial October 28, 2003
------------------------------------ Officer (Principal Financial and
Christopher P. Schnittker Accounting Officer)
/s/ John E. Bagalay, Jr. Director October 28, 2003
------------------------------------
John E. Bagalay, Jr.
/s/ Allen Bloom Director October 28, 2003
------------------------------------
Allen Bloom
Director
------------------------------------
Stephen K. Carter
/s/ James A. Grigsby Director October 28, 2003
------------------------------------
James A. Grigsby
Director
------------------------------------
Robert F. Hendrickson
/s/ Kevin G. Lokay Director October 28, 2003
------------------------------------
Kevin G. Lokay
/s/ H. Joseph Reiser Director October 28, 2003
------------------------------------
H. Joseph Reiser
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
------- --------------------------------------------------------
5.1 Opinion of Hale and Dorr LLP.
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP.
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
23.3 Consent of Hale and Dorr LLP (Included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1 Power of Attorney (Included on signature page).