The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Northwest Pipe Company (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control as of the financial statement date. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company operates in one business segment, Water Transmission, which manufactures large-diameter, high-pressure, engineered welded steel pipeline systems, as well as reinforced concrete pipe and protective linings, for use in water infrastructure applications, which are primarily related to drinking water systems. These products are also used for hydroelectric power systems, wastewater systems and other applications. In addition, the Company makes products for industrial plant piping systems and certain structural applications.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The financial information as of December 31, 2017 is derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments necessary (which are of a normal and recurring nature) for the fair statement of the results of the interim periods presented. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K.

Certain amounts from the prior year financial statements have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation.

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.

On July 27, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of Ameron Water Transmission Group, LLC (“Ameron”) for a purchase price of approximately $38.1 million in cash, subject to a post-closing adjustment based on changes in net working capital. The results of Ameron’s operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since that date. Ameron is a major supplier of engineered welded steel pressure pipe as well as reinforced concrete pipe. Headquartered in Rancho Cucamonga, California, Ameron has pipe operations in Tracy, California and San Luis Río Colorado, Mexico, as well as a protective lining facility in Brea, California. This acquisition expands the Company's footprint in a key water transmission pipe market and adds bar-wrapped concrete cylinder pipe, reinforced concrete pipe and T-Lock, a proprietary polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lining for concrete pipe sewer applications, to the Company’s product portfolio.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase consideration and preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of July 27, 2018 (in thousands):

The asset and liability fair value measurements are preliminary and subject to change. The adjustments arising from the completion of the detailed valuations and necessary calculations may materially affect the preliminary allocation of the purchase price. The purchase price allocation will be finalized as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but not later than one year following the acquisition date.

The excess of the aggregate fair value of the net assets acquired over the consideration paid has been treated as a gain on bargain purchase. When it became apparent there was a potential for a bargain purchase gain, management reviewed the Ameron assets acquired and liabilities assumed as well as the assumptions utilized in estimating their fair values. Upon completion of this reassessment, the Company concluded that recording a bargain purchase gain with respect to Ameron was appropriate and required under U.S. GAAP. The Company believes the seller was motivated to complete the transaction as part of an overall repositioning of its business.

The Company incurred acquisition-related costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $1.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively. These costs are included in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements Operations.

Ameron operations contributed net sales of $11.1 million and operating loss of $0.7 million, including acquisition-related costs of $1.9 million, to the Company for the period from July 27, 2018 to September 30, 2018.

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of the Company as if the acquisition of Ameron had occurred on January 1, 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

This unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is included only for the purpose of illustration and does not necessarily indicate what the operating results would have been if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017. Moreover, this information is not indicative of what the Company’s future operating results will be. The information for 2017 and 2018 prior to the acquisition is included based on prior accounting records maintained by Ameron. The pro forma amounts have been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjusting the results of Ameron to reflect the additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied on January 1, 2017, and the consequential tax effects. Aside from revising the 2018 net income (loss) for the effect of the bargain purchase gain, there were no material, non-recurring adjustments to this unaudited pro forma information.

On December 26, 2017, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the assets associated with the Company’s manufacturing facility in Atchison, Kansas (the “Atchison facility”), including all of the real and tangible personal property located at the site of that manufacturing facility. Total consideration of $37.2 million in cash was paid by the buyer, resulting in a nominal gain recognized on the sale. Of the proceeds received, $0.8 million was placed in escrow until it was released in February 2018 and approximately $3.7 million was placed in escrow for twelve months to secure the Company’s indemnification obligations under the agreement.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the financial results of the Atchison facility are presented as discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash flows from the Company’s discontinued operations are presented separately in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As the Atchison facility was the remaining Tubular Products business, the Company now operates in only one business segment, Water Transmission.

The following table presents the operating results for the Company’s discontinued operations prior to the sale (in thousands):

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

Long-term inventories are recorded in Other assets.

In August 2018, the Company sold property in Houston, Texas for net proceeds of $5.8 million, resulting in a gain of $2.8 million.

The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. These levels are: Level 1 (inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (inputs are other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data); and Level 3 (inputs are unobservable, with little or no market data that exists, such as internal financial forecasts). The Company is required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value (in thousands):

The deferred compensation plan assets consist of cash and several publicly traded stock and bond mutual funds, valued using quoted market prices in active markets, classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy, as well as guaranteed investment contracts, valued at principal plus interest credited at contract rates, classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts, which are derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges, are valued using various pricing models or discounted cash flow analyses that incorporate observable market parameters, such as interest rate yield curves and currency rates, classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Derivative valuations incorporate credit risk adjustments that are necessary to reflect the probability of default by the counterparty or the Company.

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Effective January 1, 2018, upon the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” the Company has elected to measure its investment in Lucid Energy, Inc. (“Lucid”), a clean energy company based in Portland, Oregon, at cost minus impairment plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The carrying amount of the Company’s investment in Lucid was $0 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 due to a history of net losses. This carrying amount includes cumulative impairment losses of $2.0 million. There were no material impairment charges recorded for the Company’s investment in Lucid during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.

The Company conducts business in various foreign countries and, from time to time, settles transactions in foreign currencies. The Company has established a program that utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to offset the risk associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures, typically arising from sales contracts denominated in Canadian currency. The Company utilizes cash flow hedge accounting treatment for qualifying foreign currency forward contracts. Instruments that do not qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment are remeasured at fair value on each balance sheet date and resulting gains and losses are recognized in earnings.

For each foreign currency forward contract entered into in which the Company seeks to obtain cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness. This process includes linking all foreign currency forward contracts to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions and designating the foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the foreign currency forward contracts that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. The effective portion of these hedged items is reflected in Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). If it is determined that a foreign currency forward contract is not highly effective, or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company is required to discontinue hedge accounting with respect to that foreign currency forward contract prospectively.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the total notional amount of the foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges was $2.0 million (CAD$2.6 million) and $2.1 million (CAD$2.7 million), respectively. Foreign currency forward contract assets are included within Prepaid expenses and other and foreign currency forward contract liabilities are included within Accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. All of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement. The Company presents the assets and liabilities associated with its foreign currency forward contracts at their gross fair values in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

All of the Company’s Canadian forward contracts have maturities less than twelve months as of September 30, 2018.

The Company has one active stock incentive plan for employees and directors, the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which provides for awards of stock options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance share awards (“PSAs”). In addition, the Company had one inactive stock option plan, the 1995 Stock Option Plan for Nonemployee Directors, under which remaining previously granted options expired unexercised during the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company recognizes the compensation cost of employee and director services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date estimated fair value of the awards. Share-based compensation cost is recognized over the period during which the employee or director is required to provide service in exchange for the award and, as forfeitures occur, the associated compensation cost recognized to date is reversed. For awards with performance-based payout conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost based on the probability of achieving the performance conditions, with changes in expectations recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of change. Any recognized compensation cost is reversed if the conditions are ultimately not met.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense recorded (in thousands):

Stock Option Awards

A summary of option activity under the Company’s stock option plans is presented below:

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Awards

RSUs and PSAs are measured at the estimated fair value on the date of grant. RSUs are service-based awards and vest according to vesting schedules, which range from immediate to ratably over a three-year period. PSAs are service-based awards that vest according to the terms of the grant and may have performance- and/or market-based payout conditions.

A summary of activity under the Company’s RSUs and PSAs is presented below:

The unvested balance of PSAs as of September 30, 2018 includes approximately 40,000 performance-based PSAs at a target level of performance. The vesting of these awards is subject to the achievement of specified performance-based conditions, and the actual number of common shares that will ultimately be issued will be determined by multiplying this number of PSAs by a payout percentage ranging from 0% to 200%.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company has determined that the likelihood of achieving the specified performance-based conditions in the PSAs is remote; therefore, the unrecognized compensation expense with respect to these performance-based PSAs as of September 30, 2018 was $0.

Stock Awards

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, stock awards of 11,172 and 14,944 shares, respectively, were granted to non-employee directors, which vested immediately upon issuance. The Company recorded compensation expense based on the fair market value per share of the awards on the grant date of $21.48 and $14.72 in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Portland Harbor Superfund Site

In December 2000, a section of the lower Willamette River known as the Portland Harbor Superfund Site was included on the National Priorities List at the request of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”). While the Company’s Portland, Oregon manufacturing facility does not border the Willamette River, an outfall from the facility’s stormwater system drains into a neighboring property’s privately owned stormwater system and slip. Since the listing of the site, the Company was notified by the EPA and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (the “ODEQ”) of potential liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”). A remedial investigation and feasibility study of the Portland Harbor Superfund Site was directed by a group of 14 potentially responsible parties known as the Lower Willamette Group under agreement with the EPA. The EPA finalized the remedial investigation report in February 2016, and the feasibility study in June 2016, which identified multiple remedial alternatives. In January 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision selecting the remedy for cleanup at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, which it believes will cost approximately $1 billion and 13 years to complete. The EPA has not yet determined who is responsible for the costs of cleanup or how the cleanup costs will be allocated among the more than 100 potentially responsible parties. Because of the large number of potentially responsible parties and the variability in the range of remediation alternatives, the Company is unable to estimate an amount or an amount within a range of costs for its obligation with respect to the Portland Harbor Superfund Site matters, and no further adjustment to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements has been recorded as of the date of this filing.

In 2001, groundwater containing elevated volatile organic compounds was identified in one localized area of leased property adjacent to the Portland facility. In February 2005, the Company entered into a Voluntary Agreement for Remedial Investigation and Source Control Measures (the “Voluntary Agreement”) with the ODEQ, and has performed remedial investigation work required under the Voluntary Agreement. In 2016, the EPA and the ODEQ requested additional groundwater sampling, which was completed in the third quarter of 2017. The results, which were communicated to the ODEQ and the EPA in August 2017, have been generally consistent with previous sampling and modeling work. The Company received feedback from the ODEQ and the EPA and anticipates it will file a final Remedial Investigation/Source Control Evaluation report with the ODEQ and the EPA in 2018.

Concurrent with the activities of the EPA and the ODEQ, the Portland Harbor Natural Resources Trustee Council (“Trustees”) sent some or all of the same parties, including the Company, a notice of intent to perform a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (“NRDA”) for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site to determine the nature and extent of natural resource damages under CERCLA Section 107. The Trustees for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site consist of representatives from several Northwest Indian Tribes, three federal agencies and one state agency. The Trustees act independently of the EPA and the ODEQ. The Trustees have encouraged potentially responsible parties to voluntarily participate in the funding of their injury assessments and several of those parties have agreed to do so. In June 2014, the Company agreed to participate in the injury assessment process, which included funding $0.4 million of the assessment. The Company has not assumed any additional payment obligations or liabilities with the participation with the NRDA. It is uncertain whether the Company will enter into an early settlement for natural resource damages or what costs it may incur in any such early settlement.

In January 2017, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, a Trustee until they withdrew from the council in 2009, filed a complaint against the potentially responsible parties including the Company to recover costs related to their own injury assessment and compensation for natural resources damages. The Company does not have sufficient information to determine the likelihood of a loss in this matter or the amount of damages that could be allocated to the Company.

The Company has insurance policies for defense costs, as well as indemnification policies it believes will provide reimbursement for any share of the remediation assessed. However, the Company can provide no assurance that those policies will cover all of the costs which the Company may incur.

All Sites

The Company operates its facilities under numerous governmental permits and licenses relating to air emissions, stormwater runoff and other environmental matters. The Company’s operations are also governed by many other laws and regulations, including those relating to workplace safety and worker health, principally the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations there under which, among other requirements, establish noise and dust standards. The Company believes it is in material compliance with its permits and licenses and these laws and regulations, and the Company does not believe that future compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Other Contingencies and Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business. The Company maintains insurance coverage against potential claims in amounts that are believed to be adequate. To the extent that insurance does not cover legal, defense and indemnification costs associated with a loss contingency, the Company records accruals when such losses are considered probable and reasonably estimable. The Company believes that it is not presently a party to litigation, the outcome of which would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Guarantees

The Company has entered into certain letters of credit that total $2.0 million as of September 30, 2018. The letters of credit relate to workers’ compensation insurance.

The Company manufactures water infrastructure steel pipe products, which are generally made to custom specifications for installation contractors serving projects funded by public water agencies. Generally, each of the Company’s contracts with its customers contains a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, is not distinct.

Materially all revenue is recognized over time as the manufacturing process progresses because the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced by the Company’s rights to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit for products that have no alternative use to the Company. Revenue is measured by the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total direct costs to fulfill each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include all material, labor and other direct costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligations. The cost of steel material is recognized as a contract cost when the steel is introduced into the manufacturing process.

The Company does not recognize revenue on a contract until the contract has approval and commitment from both parties, the contract rights and payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance and its collectability is probable.

Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract change orders, contract penalty provisions, foreign currency exchange rate movements, changes in raw materials costs and final contract settlements may result in revisions to estimates of revenue, costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Revisions in contract estimates resulted in an increase (decrease) in revenue of $(0.2) million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively and $0.3 million and $(0.3) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts are included in Accrued liabilities and are made in the period such losses are known.

Contract Balances

Contract assets primarily represent revenue earned over time but not yet billable based on the terms of the contracts and were historically presented as costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts. These amounts will be billed based on the terms of the contracts, which include achievement of milestones, partial shipments or completion of the contracts. Payments terms of amounts billed vary based on the customer, but are typically due within 30 days of invoicing. Contract liabilities represent amounts billed based on the terms of the contracts in advance of costs incurred and revenue earned. These amounts were historically presented as billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts.

The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s Contract assets and Contract liabilities primarily results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and billings and an increase due to the acquisition of Ameron of $11.9 million of Contract assets and $0.1 million of Contract liabilities. The changes in the Contract assets and Contract liabilities balances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were not materially affected by any other factors.

Revenue recognized that was included in the Contract liabilities balance at the beginning of each period was $0.1 million and $2.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively and $0.9 million and $1.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Backlog

Backlog represents the balance of remaining performance obligations under signed contracts. As of September 30, 2018, backlog was approximately $100.2 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 48% of the remaining performance obligations in 2018, 41% in 2019, and the balance thereafter.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States Federal jurisdiction, in a limited number of foreign jurisdictions and in many state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to United States Federal, state or foreign income tax examinations for years before 2013.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate income tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA. Additional work is necessary for a more detailed analysis of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities and its historical foreign earnings as well as potential correlative adjustments. The Company also considers it likely that further technical guidance regarding certain components of the TCJA, as well as clarification regarding state income tax conformity to current federal tax code, may be issued. Any subsequent adjustment to the amounts recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 will be recorded to current income tax expense when the analysis is complete in the fourth quarter of 2018. Through September 30, 2018, the Company had not made any material adjustments to the provisional amount.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations at an estimated effective income tax rate of 14.2% and 23.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and an income tax benefit from continuing operations at an estimated effective income tax rate of 2.5% and 19.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The Company’s estimated effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was impacted by the nontaxable $21.9 million bargain purchase gain recorded in connection with the acquisition of Ameron, as well as the estimated changes in the Company’s valuation allowance and the tax windfall from share-based compensation.

The Company had $4.1 million of unrecognized income tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits will change in the following twelve months; however, actual results could differ from those currently expected. Effectively all of the unrecognized income tax benefits would affect the Company’s effective income tax rate if recognized at some point in the future. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions in Income tax benefit from continuing operations.

The following tables summarize changes in the components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss (in thousands). All amounts are net of income tax:

The following table provides additional detail about Accumulated other comprehensive loss components that were reclassified to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance share awards, to the extent dilutive. Performance-based performance share awards are considered dilutive when the related performance conditions have been met assuming the end of the reporting period represents the end of the performance period. In periods with a net loss from continuing operations, all potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the impact would be antidilutive.

Net income (loss) per basic and diluted weighted-average common share outstanding was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures in Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, from those disclosed in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K, except for the following:

Accounting Changes

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”) which replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. During 2016 and 2017, the FASB issued several ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance for ASU 2014-09 but do not change the core principle of the guidance.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” (“Topic 606”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not completed as of that date. The Company recorded the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Under the modified retrospective method, periods prior to the adoption date were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of adopting Topic 606 was a decrease to Retained earnings due to a change in the timing of revenue recognition on certain costs under the new revenue standard, as well as, to a lesser extent, a change in the costs included in the provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts. Additionally, Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts and certain amounts of Trade and other receivables, net were reclassified to establish the opening balance of Contract assets and Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were reclassified to establish the opening balance of Contract liabilities. The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018 for the adoption of Topic 606 was as follows (in thousands):

The impact of Topic 606 on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was as follows (in thousands):

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”). ASU 2016-01 makes changes to the accounting for equity investments and financial liabilities accounted for under the fair value option, and changes presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2018-03”). ASU 2018-03 clarifies certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-01. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and the impact was not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Additional information and disclosures required by this new standard are contained in Note 6, “Fair Value Measurements.”

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 clarifies whether eight specifically identified cash flow issues, which previous U.S. GAAP did not address, should be categorized as operating, investing or financing activities in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and the impact was not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost” (“ASU 2017-07”), which requires that the service cost component of net benefit cost be presented in the same income statement line as other employee compensation costs, while the other components of net benefit cost are to be presented outside income from operations. The Company adopted this guidance on a retrospective basis on January 1, 2018. The non-service cost components of approximately $0 and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, were reclassified from Cost of sales to Other income (expense), resulting in an increase to Gross profit and Operating income. There was no impact to Loss from continuing operations before income taxes or Net loss, so therefore no impact to Net loss per share.

Recent Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 makes changes to U.S. GAAP, requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases previously classified as operating leases. For operating leases, the lease asset and lease liability will be initially measured at the present value of the lease payments in the balance sheet. The cost of the lease is then allocated over the lease term generally on a straight-line basis. All cash payments will be classified within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. For financing leases, the lease asset and lease liability will be initially measured at the present value of the lease payments in the balance sheet. Interest on the lease liability will be recognized separately from amortization of the lease asset in the statement of comprehensive income. In the statement of cash flows, repayments of the principal portion of the lease liability will be classified within financing activities, and payments of interest on the lease liability and variable payments will be classified within operating activities. For leases with terms of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by asset class not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Lease expense for such leases will be generally recognized straight-line basis over the lease term. The accounting applied by a lessor is largely unchanged from previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 provides for a transitional adoption, with lessees and lessors required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” which updates narrow aspects of the guidance in ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“Topic 842”) and Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which provides an additional (and optional) transition method to apply the lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Topic 842 requires qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures and will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods in 2019. Early adoption is permitted, however the Company does not anticipate early adoption. The Company continues to evaluate Topic 842, including the review and implementation of the necessary changes to existing processes and systems that will be required to implement this new standard. While the Company expects the adoption of Topic 842 will materially increase its assets and liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, it currently does not expect Topic 842 will have a material effect on its results of operations or cash flows.

In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-09, “Codification Improvements” (“ASU 2018-09”), which clarifies, corrects errors in or makes minor improvements to the ASC. The transition and effective date varies based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment included in ASU 2018-09. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-09 on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying or adding certain disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted for the removed and modified disclosures and delayed adoption until the effective date permitted for the additional disclosures. The removed and modified disclosures will be adopted on a retrospective basis and the new disclosures will be adopted on a prospective basis. The Company does not expect a material impact to its financial position, results of operations or cash flows from adoption of this guidance.

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” (“ASU 2018-14”), which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing and adding certain disclosures for these plans. The eliminated disclosures include the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year and the amount and timing of plan assets expected to be returned to the employer. The new disclosures include an explanation of significant gains and losses related to changes in benefit obligations. ASU 2018-14 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted, and will be adopted on a retrospective basis. The Company does not expect a material impact to its financial position, results of operations or cash flows from adoption of this guidance.

In March 2018, the Company announced its plans to close its leased Permalok® manufacturing facility in Salt Lake City, Utah and move the production to the Permalok® production facility in St. Louis, Missouri, which was completed during the second quarter of 2018. Also in March 2018, the Company announced its plans to close its manufacturing facility in Monterrey, Mexico, and ceased production early in the second quarter of 2018. The Company incurred restructuring expense of $0.1 million and $1.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, which includes employee severance and termination related restructuring expense of approximately $0 and $0.6 million, respectively, and expense related to demobilization activities of $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The Company expects to incur nominal additional restructuring expense related to employee severance and termination which will result in future cash outlays.

In October 2016, the Company sold the Denver, Colorado facility and leased the property back from the buyer through March 1, 2017 in order to conclude production at the facility, complete final shipments and transfer certain equipment assets to other Company facilities. The Company incurred restructuring expense of $0.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to demobilization activities. The Company completed the demobilization project and vacated the facility in the first quarter of 2017 and there were no restructuring expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2017.

On October 25, 2018, upon expiration of the Loan and Security Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. dated October 26, 2015, as amended on October 19, 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for revolving loans and letters of credit in the aggregate amount of up to $60 million, subject to a borrowing base (the “Revolver Commitment”). The Company has the ability to increase the Revolver Commitment to $100 million, subject to the provisions of the Credit Agreement. The borrowing base is calculated by applying various advance rates to eligible accounts receivable, contract assets, inventories and fixed assets, subject to various exclusions, adjustments and sublimits. As of October 25, 2018, the Company had $6.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement and additional borrowing capacity of $32.5 million.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at rates related to the daily three month London Interbank Offered Rate plus 1.5% to 2.0%. The Credit Agreement requires the payment of an unused line fee of between 0.25% and 0.375%, based on the amount by which the Revolver Commitment exceeds the average daily balance of outstanding borrowings (as defined in the Credit Agreement) during any month. Such fee is payable monthly in arrears. The Credit Agreement will expire on October 25, 2023.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default and indemnification provisions in favor of the lender. The negative covenants include restrictions regarding the incurrence of liens and indebtedness and certain acquisitions and dispositions of assets and other matters, all subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also requires the Company to regularly provide financial information to Wells Fargo and to maintain a specified fixed charge coverage ratio upon certain triggers.

In connection with the execution and delivery of the Credit Agreement, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries also entered into a Guaranty and Security Agreement with Wells Fargo (the “Guaranty and Security Agreement”). Pursuant to the Guaranty and Security Agreement, the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ assets.