t75648_10k.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
 
x Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.   
 
o Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the Transition Period From _____________________ to __________________.       
 
Commission file number 001-32265 (American Campus Communities, Inc.)
Commission file number 333-181102-01 (American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.)
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC.
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 Maryland (American Campus Communities, Inc.)
Maryland (American Campus Communities Operating
Partnership, L.P.)
 
 76-0753089 (American Campus Communities, Inc.)
56-2473181 (American Campus Communities Operating
Partnership, L.P.)
 (State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
 (IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
12700 Hill Country Blvd., Suite T-200
Austin, TX
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
 
78738
(Zip Code)
 
(512) 732-1000
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
(Title of Each Class)
 
(Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)
     
 Common Stock, $.01 par value
 
 New York Stock Exchange
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
American Campus Communities, Inc.                                                 Yes  x No o
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.         Yes  o No x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
American Campus Communities, Inc.                                                 Yes  o No x
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.         Yes  o No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
American Campus Communities, Inc.                                                 Yes  x No o
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.         Yes  x No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
American Campus Communities, Inc.                                                 Yes  x No o
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.         Yes  x No o
 
 
 

 
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
American Campus Communities, Inc.                                                 o                                                                             
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.         o
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
American Campus Communities, Inc.
Large accelerated filer x                                                                                        Accelerated filer o 
Non-accelerated filer   o   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)           Smaller reporting company  o
 
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.
Large accelerated filer o                                                                                          Accelerated filer o 
Non-accelerated filer   x   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)           Smaller reporting company  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
American Campus Communities, Inc.                                                 Yes  o No x
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.         Yes  o No x
 
The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $2,964,531,360 based on the last sale price of the common equity on June 29, 2012 which is the last business day of the Company’s most recently completed second quarter.
 
There were 104,665,212 shares of the Company’s common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share outstanding as of the close of business on February 19, 2013.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Part III of this report incorporates information by reference from the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
 
 
 

 
 
EXPLANATORY NOTE
 
This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 of American Campus Communities, Inc. and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P..  Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “ACC” mean American Campus Communities, Inc. a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to “ACCOP” mean American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P., a Maryland limited partnership.  References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively ACC, ACCOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ACC and/or ACCOP.  References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ACCOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ACCOP. The following chart illustrates the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s corporate structure:
 
(GRAPHIC)
 
The general partner of ACCOP is American Campus Communities Holdings, LLC (“ACC Holdings”), an entity that is wholly-owned by ACC. As of December 31, 2012, ACC Holdings held an ownership interest in ACCOP of less than 1%. The limited partners of ACCOP are ACC and other limited partners consisting of current and former members of management and nonaffiliated third parties.  As of December 31, 2012, ACC owned an approximate 98.8% limited partnership interest in ACCOP.  As the sole member of the general partner of ACCOP, ACC has exclusive control of ACCOP’s day-to-day management.  Management operates the Company and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of ACC consists of the same members as the management of ACCOP. The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) and ACC contributes all net proceeds from its various equity offerings to the Operating Partnership. In return for those contributions, ACC receives a number of units of ACCOP (“OP Units,” see definition below) equal to the number of common shares it has issued in the equity offering. Contributions of properties to the Company can be structured as tax-deferred transactions through the issuance of OP Units in ACCOP.  Based on the terms of ACCOP’s partnership agreement, OP Units can be exchanged for ACC’s common shares on a one-for-one basis. The Company maintains a one-for-one relationship between the OP Units of ACCOP issued to ACC and ACC Holdings and the common shares issued to the public. The Company believes that combining the reports on Form 10-K of the Company and the Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:
 
 
enhances investors’ understanding of the Company and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
 
eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both the Company and the Operating Partnership; and
 
creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.
 
 
 

 
 
ACC consolidates ACCOP for financial reporting purposes, and ACC essentially has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in ACCOP. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of the Company and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. However, the Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership in the context of how the entities operate as a consolidated company. All of the Company’s property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership. ACC also issues public equity from time to time and guarantees certain debt of ACCOP, as disclosed in this report. ACC does not have any indebtedness, as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company’s ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity.  Except for the net proceeds from ACC’s equity offerings, which are contributed to the capital of ACCOP in exchange for OP Units on a one-for-one common share per OP Unit basis, the Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company’s business. These sources include, but are not limited to, the Operating Partnership’s working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its credit facilities, and proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties.  Noncontrolling interests, stockholders’ equity, and partners’ capital are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of the Company and those of the Operating Partnership. The noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements consist of the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated joint ventures. The noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements include the same noncontrolling interests at the Operating Partnership level and OP Unit holders of ACCOP. The differences between stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital result from differences in the type of equity issued at the Company and Operating Partnership levels.
 
To help investors understand the significant differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report provides separate consolidated financial statements for the Company and the Operating Partnership. A single set of consolidated notes to such financial statements is presented that includes separate discussions for the Company and the Operating Partnership when applicable (for example, noncontrolling interests, stockholders’ equity or partners’ capital, earnings per share or unit, etc.).  A combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section is also included that presents discrete information related to each entity, as applicable. This report also includes separate Part II, Item 9A Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of the Company and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that the Company and the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350.
 
In order to highlight the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for the Company and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to the Company and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of the Company. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures and holds assets and debt, reference to the Company is appropriate because the Company operates its business through the Operating Partnership. The separate discussions of the Company and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand the results of the Company on a consolidated basis and how management operates the Company.
 
 

 
 
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
   
PAGE NO.
 PART I.    
   
Item 1.
Business
1
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
6
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
17
Item 2.
Properties
17
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
25
Item 4.
Removed and Reserved
25
     
 PART II.    
   
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
25
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
26
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
27
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
45
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
46
    Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
46
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
46
     
PART III.
   
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
48
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
48
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
48
Item 13.
Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence
49
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
49
     
PART IV.
   
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
50
     
SIGNATURES
 
55
     
 
 
 

 

PART I
 
Item 1.  Business
 
Overview
 
American Campus Communities, Inc. (“ACC”) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that commenced operations effective with the completion of an initial public offering (“IPO”) on August 17, 2004. Through ACC’s controlling interest in American Campus Communities Operating Partnership L.P. (“ACCOP”), ACC is one of the largest owners, managers and developers of high quality student housing properties in the United States in terms of beds owned and under management. ACC is a fully integrated, self-managed and self-administered equity REIT with expertise in the acquisition, design, financing, development, construction management, leasing and management of student housing properties. ACC’s common stock is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “ACC.”
 
The general partner of ACCOP is American Campus Communities Holdings, LLC (“ACC Holdings”), an entity that is wholly-owned by ACC. As of December 31, 2012, ACC Holdings held an ownership interest in ACCOP of less than 1%. The limited partners of ACCOP are ACC and other limited partners consisting of current and former members of management and nonaffiliated third parties.  As of December 31, 2012, ACC owned an approximate 98.8% limited partnership interest in ACCOP.  As the sole member of the general partner of ACCOP, ACC has exclusive control of ACCOP’s day-to-day management.  Management operates ACC and ACCOP as one business.  The management of ACC consists of the same members as the management of ACCOP.  ACC consolidates ACCOP for financial reporting purposes, and ACC does not have significant assets other than its investment in ACCOP.  Therefore, the assets and liabilities of ACC and ACCOP are the same on their respective financial statements. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively ACC, ACCOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ACC and/or ACCOP.  References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ACCOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ACCOP.
 
As of December 31, 2012, our total owned and third-party managed portfolio included 187 properties with approximately 121,300 beds in approximately 40,900 units.
 
Business Objectives, Investment Strategies, and Operating Segments
 
Business Objectives
 
Our primary business objectives are to create long-term stockholder value by deploying capital to develop, redevelop, acquire and operate student housing communities, and to sell communities when they no longer meet our long-term investment strategy and when market conditions are favorable.  We believe we can achieve these objectives by continuing to implement our investment strategies and successfully manage our operating segments, which are described in more detail below.
 
Investment Strategies
 
We seek to own high quality, well designed and well located student housing properties. We seek to acquire or develop properties in markets that have stable or increasing student populations, are in submarkets with barriers to entry and provide opportunities for economic growth as a result of their product position and/or differentiated design and close proximity to campuses, or through our superior operational capabilities. We believe that our reputation and established relationships with universities give us an advantage in sourcing acquisitions and developments and obtaining municipal approvals and community support for our development projects.
 
Acquisitions:  As discussed in more detail in Note 5 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, in 2012, we acquired 40 off-campus properties containing 8,213 units and 23,075 beds for a combined purchase price of $1,781.2 million.
 
We believe our relationships with university systems and individual educational institutions, our knowledge of the student housing market and our prominence as the first publicly-traded REIT focused exclusively on student housing in the United States will afford us a competitive advantage in acquiring additional student housing properties.
 
 
1

 
 
Development:  In August and September 2012, we completed the final stages of construction on five owned off-campus properties and six on-campus American Campus Equity (“ACE®”) properties containing 1,915 units and 6,703 beds.  In addition, as of December 31, 2012, we were in the process of constructing six owned off-campus properties, three ACE on-campus properties and an additional phase at an existing off-campus property.  These properties are summarized in the table below:
 
 
 
Project
 
 
 
Project Type
 
 
 
Location
 
 
Primary University
Served
 
 
Units
   
 
Beds
   
Estimated Project Cost
   
Total Costs Incurred
 
Scheduled to Open for Occupancy
                                       
Manzanita Hall
 
ACE
 
Tempe, AZ
 
Arizona State
  University
    241       816     $ 50,300     $ 19,197  
August 2013
                                               
The Callaway House
 
Off-campus
 
Austin, TX
 
The University of
  Texas at Austin
    219       753       61,600       27,053  
August 2013
                                               
Chestnut Square
 
ACE
 
Philadelphia, PA
 
Drexel University
    220       861       97,600       47,408  
September 2013
                                               
U Club Townhomes  on Woodward
 
Off-campus
 
Tallahassee, FL
 
Florida State
  University
    112       448       29,000       17,519  
August 2013
                                               
Townhomes at Overton Park
 
Off-campus
 
Lubbock, TX
 
Texas Tech
  University
    112       448       29,200       19,492  
August 2013
                                               
601 Copeland
 
Off-campus
 
Tallahassee, FL
 
Florida State
  University
    81       283       21,200       6,529  
August 2013
                                               
University View (PVAMU Phase VII)
 
ACE
 
Prairie View,
  TX
 
Prairie View A&M
  University
    96       336       15,600       4,409  
August 2013
                                               
The Plaza on University
 
Off-campus
 
Orlando, FL
 
University of Central Florida
    364       1,313       112,300       29,924  
August 2014
                                               
Townhomes at Newtown Crossing (1)
 
Off-campus
 
Lexington, KY
 
University of Kentucky
   
152
     
608
     
38,750
     
15,373
 
August 2013
                                               
The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II (2)
 
Off-campus
 
East Lansing, MI
 
Michigan State University
   
144
     
366
     
23,975
     
7,664
 
August 2013
     
1,741
     
6,232
    $ 479,525     $ 194,568    
 
(1)
We did not own this property as of December 31, 2012 but are obligated to purchase the property as long as the developer meets certain construction completion deadlines and other closing conditions.    
 
(2)
We did not own this additional phase at an existing property as of December 31, 2012 but are obligated to purchase the additional phase as long as the developer meets certain construction completion deadlines and other closing conditions.
 
Our experienced development staff intends to continue to identify and acquire land parcels in close proximity to colleges and universities that offer location advantages or that allow for the development of unique products that offer a competitive advantage.  We expect to continue to benefit from opportunities derived from our extensive network with colleges and universities as well as our relationship with certain developers with whom we have previously developed off-campus student housing properties.
 
 Operating Segments
 
We define business segments by their distinct customer base and service provided.  We have identified four reportable segments: Wholly-Owned Properties, On-Campus Participating Properties, Development Services and Property Management Services.  For a detailed financial analysis of our segments’ results of operations and financial position, please refer to Note 18 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.
 
Property Operations
 
Unique Leasing Characteristics:  Student housing properties are typically leased by the bed on an individual lease liability basis, unlike multifamily housing where leasing is by the unit.  Individual lease liability limits each resident’s liability to his or her own rent without liability for a roommate’s rent.  A parent or guardian is generally required to execute each lease as a guarantor unless the resident provides adequate proof of income or financial aid.  The number of lease contracts that we administer is therefore equivalent to the number of beds occupied and not the number of units.  Unlike traditional multifamily housing, most of our leases for an individual property commence and terminate on the same dates and typically have terms of 9 or 12 months.  (Please refer to the property table contained in Item 2 – Properties for a listing of the typical lease terms at our properties.)  As an example, in the case of our typical 12-month leases, the commencement date coincides with the commencement of the respective university’s Fall academic term and the termination date is the last day of the subsequent summer school session.  As such, we must re-lease each property in its entirety each year.
 
Management Philosophy:  Our management philosophy is based upon meeting the following objectives:
 
 
Satisfying the specialized needs of residents by providing the highest levels of customer service;
 
Developing and maintaining an academically oriented environment via a premier residence life/student development program;
 
 
2

 
 
 
Maintaining each project’s physical plant in top condition;
 
Maximizing revenue through the development and implementation of a strategic annual marketing plan and leasing administration program; and
 
Maximizing cash flow through maximizing revenue coupled with prudent control of expenses.
 
LAMS:  We believe we have developed the industry’s only specialized, fully integrated leasing administration and marketing software program, which we call LAMS. We utilize LAMS to maximize our revenue and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our marketing and lease administration process. Through LAMS, each of our properties’ ongoing marketing and leasing efforts are supervised at the corporate office on a real time basis. Among other things, LAMS provides:
 
 
a fully integrated prospect tracking and follow-up system;
 
a built-in marketing effectiveness program to measure the success of our marketing efforts on a real time basis;
 
a real-time monitor of lease closings and leasing terms;
 
an automated lease generation system;
 
the generation of future period rent rolls to aid in budgeting and forecasting; and
 
a customized report writer.
 
Wholly-Owned Properties:  Off-campus properties are generally located in close proximity to the school campus, generally with pedestrian, bicycle, or university shuttle access.  Off-campus housing tends to offer more relaxed rules and regulations than on-campus housing, resulting in off-campus housing being generally more appealing to upper-classmen.  We believe that the support of colleges and universities can be beneficial to the success of our wholly-owned properties.  We actively seek to have these institutions recommend our facilities to their students or to provide us with mailing lists so that we may directly market to students and parents.  In some cases, the institutions actually promote our off-campus facilities in their recruiting and admissions literature.  In cases where the educational institutions do not provide mailing lists or recommendations for off-campus housing, most provide comprehensive lists of suitable properties to their students, and we continually work to ensure that our properties are on these lists in each of the markets that we serve.
 
Off-campus housing is subject to competition for tenants with on-campus housing owned by colleges and universities, and vice versa.  Colleges and universities can generally avoid real estate taxes and borrow funds at lower interest rates than us (and other private sector operators), thereby decreasing their operating costs.  Residence halls owned and operated by the primary colleges and universities in the markets of our off-campus properties may charge lower rental rates, but typically offer fewer amenities than we offer at our properties.  Additionally, most universities are only able to house a small percentage of their overall enrollment, and are therefore highly dependent upon the off-campus market to provide housing for their students.  High-quality, well run off-campus student housing can be a critical component to an institution’s ability to attract and retain students.  Therefore, developing and maintaining good relationships with educational institutions can result in a privately owned off-campus facility becoming, in effect, an extension of the institution’s housing program, with the institution providing highly valued references and recommendations to students and parents.
 
This segment also competes with national and regional owner-operators of off-campus student housing in a number of markets as well as with smaller local owner-operators.  Therefore, the performance of this segment could be affected by the construction of new on-campus or off-campus residences, increases or decreases in the general levels of rents for housing in competing communities, increases or decreases in the number of students enrolled at one or more of the colleges or universities in the market of a property, and other general economic conditions.
 
American Campus Equity (ACE):  Included in our wholly-owned properties segment and branded and marketed to colleges and universities as the ACE program, this transaction structure provides us with what we believe is a lower-risk opportunity compared to other off-campus projects, as our ACE projects will have premier on-campus locations with marketing and operational assistance from the university.  The subject university substantially benefits by increasing its housing capacity with modern, well-amenitized student housing with no or minimal impacts to its own credit ratios, preserving the university’s credit capacity to fund academic and research facilities.
 
On-Campus Participating Properties:  Our On-Campus Participating Properties segment includes four on-campus properties owned by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) that are operated under long-term ground/facility leases with two university systems. Under our ground/facility leases, we receive an annual distribution representing 50% of these properties’ net cash flows, as defined in the ground/facility lease agreements.  We also manage these properties under multi-year management agreements and are paid a management fee representing 5% of receipts.  Refer to Note 8 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 herein for a more detailed description of these properties.
 
 
3

 
 
Our on-campus participating properties are susceptible to some of the same risks as our wholly-owned properties, including: (i) seasonality in rents; (ii) annual re-leasing that is highly dependent on marketing and university admission policies; and (iii) competition for tenants from other on-campus housing operated by educational institutions or other off-campus properties.
 
Third-Party Services
 
Our third-party services consist of development services and management services and are typically provided to university and college clients.  Many of our third-party management services are provided to clients for whom we also provide development services.  While management evaluates the operational performance of our third-party services based on the distinct segments identified below, at times we also evaluate these segments on a combined basis.
 
Development Services:  Our Development Services segment consists of development and construction management services that we provide through one of our TRSs for third-party owners.  These services range from short-term consulting projects to long-term full-scale development and construction projects.  We typically provide these services to colleges and universities seeking to modernize their on-campus student housing properties.  They look to us to bring our student housing experience and expertise to ensure they develop marketable, functional, and financially sustainable facilities.  Educational institutions usually seek to build housing that will enhance their recruitment and retention of students while facilitating their academic objectives.  Most of these development service contracts are awarded via a competitive request for proposal (“RFP”) process that qualifies developers based on their overall capability to provide specialized student housing design, development, construction management, financial structuring, and property management services.  Our development services typically include pre-development, design and financial structuring services.  Our pre-development services typically include feasibility studies for third-party owners and design services.  Feasibility studies include an initial feasibility analysis, review of conceptual design, and assistance with master planning.  Some of the documents produced in this process include the conceptual design documents, preliminary development and operating budgets, cash flow projections and a preliminary market assessment.  Our design services include coordination with the architect and other members of the design team, review of construction plans and assistance with project due diligence and project budgets.
 
Construction management services typically consist of hiring of project professionals and a general contractor, coordinating and supervising the construction, equipping and furnishing process on behalf of the project owner, including site visits, hiring of a general contractor and project professionals, and full coordination and administration of all activities necessary for project completion in accordance with plans and specifications and with verification of adequate insurance.
 
Our Development Services activities benefit our primary goal of owning and operating student housing properties in a number of ways.  By providing these services to others, we are able to expand and refine our unit plan and community design, the operational efficiency of our material specifications and our ability to determine market acceptance of unit and community amenities.  Our development and construction management personnel enable us to establish relationships with general contractors, architects and project professionals throughout the nation.  Through these services, we gain experience and expertise in residential and commercial construction methodologies under various labor conditions, including right-to-work labor markets, markets subject to prevailing wage requirements and fully unionized environments.  This segment is subject to competition from other specialized student housing development companies as well as from national real estate development companies.
 
Property Management Services:  Our Property Management Services segment, conducted by our TRSs, includes revenues generated from third-party management contracts in which we are typically responsible for all aspects of operations, including marketing, leasing administration, facilities maintenance, business administration, accounts payable, accounts receivable, financial reporting, capital projects, and residence life student development.  We provide these services pursuant to management agreements that have initial terms that range from one to five years.
 
There are several housing options that compete with our third-party managed properties including, but not limited to, multifamily housing, for-rent single family dwellings, other off-campus specialized student housing and the aforementioned on-campus participating properties.
 
Americans with Disabilities Act and Federal Fair Housing Act
 
Many laws and governmental regulations are applicable to our properties and changes in the laws and regulations, or their interpretation by agencies and the courts, occur frequently.  Our properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA.  The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable.  We believe that the existing properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA.  However, noncompliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants.  The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we intend to continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
 
 
4

 
 
Under the federal and state fair housing laws, discrimination on the basis of certain protected classes is prohibited.  Violation of these laws can result in significant damage awards to victims.
 
Environmental Matters
 
Under various laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, an owner of real estate may be held liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances located on or in its property.  These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner was responsible for, or even knew of, the presence of such substances.  The presence of such substances may adversely affect the owner’s ability to rent or sell the property or use the property as collateral.  Independent environmental consultants conducted environmental site assessments on all of the wholly-owned properties and on-campus participating properties in our existing portfolio.  We are not aware of any environmental conditions that management believes would have a material adverse effect on the Company.  There is no assurance, however, that environmental site assessments or other investigations would reveal all environmental conditions or that environmental conditions not known to us may exist now or in the future which would result in liability to the Company for remediation or fines, either under existing laws and regulations or future changes to such requirements.
 
From time to time, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, designates certain sites affected by hazardous substances as “Superfund” sites pursuant to CERCLA.  Superfund sites can cover large areas, affecting many different parcels of land.  Although CERCLA imposes joint and several liability for contamination on property owners and operators regardless of fault, the EPA may choose to pursue potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) based on their actual contribution to the contamination.  PRPs are liable for the costs of responding to the hazardous substances.  Each of Villas on Apache (disposed of in April 2011), The Village on University (disposed of in December 2006) and University Village at San Bernardino (disposed of in January 2005) are located within federal Superfund sites.  The EPA designated these areas as Superfund sites because groundwater underneath these areas is contaminated.  We have not been named, and do not expect to be named, as a PRP with respect to these sites.  However, there can be no assurance regarding potential future developments concerning such sites.
 
Insurance
 
We carry liability and property insurance on our properties, which we believe is of the type and amount customarily obtained on real property assets.  We intend to obtain similar coverage for properties we acquire in the future.  However, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as losses from floods or earthquakes, which may be subject to limitations in certain areas.  When not otherwise contractually stipulated, we exercise our judgment in determining amounts, coverage limits, and deductibles, in an effort to maintain appropriate levels of insurance on our investments.  If we suffer a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient due to market conditions at the time or other unforeseen factors.  Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also might make it infeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace a property after it has been damaged or destroyed.
 
Employees
 
As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 2,913 employees, consisting of:
 
 
approximately 1,906 on-site employees in our wholly-owned properties segment, including 822 Resident Assistants;
 
approximately 98 on-site employees in our on-campus participating properties segment, including 43 Resident Assistants;
 
approximately 778 employees in our property management services segment, including 655 on-site employees and 123 corporate office employees;
 
approximately 46 corporate office employees in our development services segment; and
 
approximately 85 executive, corporate administration and financial personnel.
 
Our employees are not currently represented by a labor union.
 
 
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Offices and Website
 
Our principal executive offices are located at 12700 Hill Country Boulevard, Suite T-200 Austin, TX 78738. Our telephone number at that location is (512) 732-1000.
 
We file our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other reports required by Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549.  You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.  The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.  The address of that site is www.sec.gov.
 
Our website is located at www.americancampus.com. We make available free of charge through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.  Our website also contains copies of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Ethics as well as the charters of our Nominating and Corporate Governance, Audit, and Compensation committees.  The information on our website is not part of this filing.

Forward-looking Statements
 
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “result” and similar expressions, do not relate solely to historical matters and are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and will be impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they were made, to anticipate future results or trends.
 
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: general risks affecting the real estate industry; risks associated with changes in University admission or housing policies; risks associated with the availability and terms of financing and the use of debt to fund acquisitions and developments; failure to manage effectively our growth and expansion into new markets or to integrate acquisitions successfully; risks and uncertainties affecting property development and construction; risks associated with downturns in the national and local economies, volatility in capital and credit markets, increases in interest rates, and volatility in the securities markets; costs of compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar laws; potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental contamination; risks associated with our Company’s potential failure to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), as amended, and possible adverse changes in tax and environmental laws; and the other factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” contained in Item 1A of this report.
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
 
The following risk factors may contain defined terms that are different from those used in other sections of this report.  Unless otherwise indicated, when used in this section, the terms “we” and “us” refer to American Campus Communities, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, our Operating Partnership, and the term “securities” refers to shares of common stock of American Campus Communities, Inc. and units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership.
 
The factors described below represent the Company’s principal risks. Other factors may exist that the Company does not consider to be significant based on information that is currently available or that the Company is not currently able to anticipate.
 
 
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Risks Related to Our Properties, Our Markets and Our Business
 
Volatility in capital and credit markets, or other unfavorable changes in economic conditions, could adversely impact us.
 
The capital and credit markets experienced volatility and disruption, particularly in the latter half of 2008 through the first quarter of 2010.  This made it more difficult to borrow money.  In the event of renewed market disruption or volatility, we may not be able to obtain new debt financing or refinance our existing debt on favorable terms or at all, which would adversely affect our liquidity, our ability to make distributions to equity holders, acquire and dispose of assets and continue our development pipeline.  Unfavorable changes in economic conditions may have a material adverse impact on our cash flows and operating results.
 
Our results of operations are subject to an annual leasing cycle, short lease-up period, seasonal cash flows, changing university admission and housing policies and other risks inherent in the student housing industry.
 
We generally lease our owned properties under 12-month leases, and in certain cases, under nine-month or shorter-term semester leases.  As a result, we may experience significantly reduced cash flows during the summer months at properties with lease terms shorter than 12 months.  Furthermore, all of our properties must be entirely re-leased each year, exposing us to increased leasing risk.  In addition, we are subject to increased leasing risk on our properties under construction and future acquired properties based on our lack of experience leasing those properties and unfamiliarity with their leasing cycles.  Student housing properties are also typically leased during a limited leasing season that usually begins in January and ends in August of each year.  We are therefore highly dependent on the effectiveness of our marketing and leasing efforts and personnel during this season.
 
Changes in university admission policies could adversely affect us.  For example, if a university reduces the number of student admissions or requires that a certain class of students, such as freshman, live in a university owned facility, the demand for beds at our properties may be reduced and our occupancy rates may decline.  While we may engage in marketing efforts to compensate for such change in admission policy, we may not be able to effect such marketing efforts prior to the commencement of the annual lease-up period or our additional marketing efforts may not be successful.
 
We rely on our relationships with colleges and universities for referrals of prospective student-tenants or for mailing lists of prospective student-tenants and their parents.  Many of these colleges and universities own and operate their own competing on-campus facilities.  Any failure to maintain good relationships with these colleges and universities could therefore have a material adverse effect on us.  If colleges and universities refuse to make their lists of prospective student-tenants and their parents available to us or increase the costs of these lists, there could be a material adverse effect on us.
 
Federal and state laws require colleges to publish and distribute reports of on-campus crime statistics, which may result in negative publicity and media coverage associated with crimes occurring on or in the vicinity of our on-campus properties.  Reports of crime or other negative publicity regarding the safety of the students residing on, or near, our properties may have an adverse effect on both our on-campus and off-campus business.
 
We face significant competition from university-owned on-campus student housing, from other off-campus student housing properties and from traditional multifamily housing located within close proximity to universities.
 
On-campus student housing has certain inherent advantages over off-campus student housing in terms of physical proximity to the university campus and integration of on-campus facilities into the academic community.  Colleges and universities can generally avoid real estate taxes and borrow funds at lower interest rates than us and other private sector operators.  We also compete with national and regional owner-operators of off-campus student housing in a number of markets as well as with smaller local owner-operators.
 
Currently, the industry is fragmented with no participant holding a significant market share.  There are a number of student housing complexes that are located near or in the same general vicinity of many of our owned properties and that compete directly with us.  Such competing student housing complexes may be newer than our properties, located closer to campus, charge less rent, possess more attractive amenities or offer more services or shorter term or more flexible leases.
 
Rental income at a particular property could also be affected by a number of other factors, including the construction of new on-campus and off-campus residences, increases or decreases in the general levels of rents for housing in competing communities, increases or decreases in the number of students enrolled at one or more of the colleges or universities in the market of the property and other general economic conditions.
 
 
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We believe that a number of other large national companies with substantial financial and marketing resources may be potential entrants in the student housing business.  The entry of one or more of these companies could increase competition for students and for the acquisition, development and management of other student housing properties.
 
We may be unable to successfully complete and operate our properties or our third-party developed properties.
 
We intend to continue to develop and construct student housing.  These activities may include any of the following risks:
 
we may be unable to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all;
we may not complete development projects on schedule, within budgeted amounts or in conformity with building plans and specifications;
we may encounter delays or refusals in obtaining all necessary zoning, land use, building, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations;
occupancy and rental rates at newly developed or renovated properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, and may reduce or eliminate our return on investment;
we may become liable for injuries and accidents occurring during the construction process and for environmental liabilities, including off-site disposal of construction materials;
we may decide to abandon our development efforts if we determine that continuing the project would not be in our best interests; and
we may encounter strikes, weather, government regulations and other conditions beyond our control.
 
Our newly developed properties will be subject to risks associated with managing new properties, including lease-up and integration risks.  In addition, new development activities, regardless of whether or not they are ultimately successful, typically will require a substantial portion of the time and attention of our development and management personnel.  Newly developed properties may not perform as expected.
 
We anticipate that we will, from time to time, elect not to proceed with ongoing development projects.  If we elect not to proceed with a development project, the development costs associated therewith will ordinarily be charged against income for the then-current period.  Any such charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.
 
We may in the future develop properties nationally, internationally or in geographic regions other than those in which we currently operate.  We do not possess the same level of familiarity with development in these new markets, which could adversely affect our ability to develop such properties successfully or at all or to achieve expected performance.  Future development opportunities may not be available to us on terms that meet our investment criteria or we may be unsuccessful in capitalizing on such opportunities.  Our ability to capitalize on such opportunities will be largely dependent upon external sources of capital that may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all.
 
We typically provide guarantees of timely completion of projects that we develop for third parties.  In certain cases, our contingent liability under these guarantees may exceed our development fee from the project.  Although we seek to mitigate this risk by, among other things, obtaining similar guarantees from the project contractor, we could sustain significant losses if development of a project were to be delayed or stopped and we were unable to cover our guarantee exposure with the guarantee received from the project contractor.
 
We may be unable to successfully acquire properties on favorable terms.
 
Our future growth will be in part dependent upon our ability to successfully acquire new properties on favorable terms.  With respect to recently acquired properties, and as we acquire additional properties, we will continue to be subject to risks associated with managing new properties, including lease-up and integration risks.  Newly developed and recently acquired properties may not perform as expected and may have characteristics or deficiencies unknown to us at the time of acquisition.  Future acquisition opportunities may not be available to us on terms that meet our investment criteria or we may be unsuccessful in capitalizing on such opportunities.  Our ability to capitalize on such opportunities will be largely dependent upon external sources of capital that may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all.
 
Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms and successfully operate them involves the following significant risks:
 
our potential inability to acquire a desired property may be caused by competition from other real estate investors;
competition from other potential acquirers may significantly increase the purchase price and decrease expected yields;
 
 
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we may be unable to finance an acquisition on favorable terms or at all;
we may have to incur significant unexpected capital expenditures to improve or renovate acquired properties;
we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations;
market conditions may result in higher than expected costs and vacancy rates and lower than expected rental rates; and
we may acquire properties subject to liabilities but without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, to the sellers, or with liabilities that are unknown to us, such as liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by tenants, vendors or other persons dealing with the former owners of our properties and claims for indemnification by members, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of our properties.
 
Our failure to finance property acquisitions on favorable terms, or operate acquired properties to meet our financial expectations, could adversely affect us.
 
Difficulties of selling real estate could limit our flexibility.
 
We intend to evaluate the potential disposition of assets that may no longer help us meet our objectives.  When we decide to sell an asset, we may encounter difficulty in finding buyers in a timely manner as real estate investments generally cannot be disposed of quickly, especially when market conditions are poor.  This may limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.  In addition, in order to maintain our status as a REIT, the Internal Revenue Code imposes restrictions on our ability to sell properties held fewer than two years, which may cause us to incur losses thereby reducing our cash flows and adversely impacting distributions to equity holders.
 
Our debt level reduces cash available for distribution and could have other important adverse consequences.
 
As of December 31, 2012, our total consolidated indebtedness was approximately $2,134.5 million (excluding unamortized debt premiums and discounts).  Our debt service obligations expose us to the risk of default and reduce or eliminate cash resources that are available to operate our business or pay distributions that are necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.  There is no limit on the amount of indebtedness that we may incur except as provided by the covenants in our corporate-level debt.  We may incur additional indebtedness to fund future property development, acquisitions and other working capital needs, which may include the payment of distributions to our security holders.  The amount available to us and our ability to borrow from time to time under our corporate-level debt is subject to certain conditions and the satisfaction of specified financial and other covenants.  Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant adverse consequences, including the following:
 
We may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms.
We may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness.
We may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms.
We may default on our scheduled principal payments or other obligations as a result of insufficient cash flow or otherwise, and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our properties that secure their loans and receive an assignment of rents and leases.
Foreclosures could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, a circumstance that could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code.
Compliance with the provisions of our debt agreements, including the financial and other covenants, such as the maintenance of specified financial ratios, could limit our flexibility and a default in these requirements, if uncured, could result in a requirement that we repay indebtedness, which could severely affect our liquidity and increase our financing costs.
 
We may be unable to renew, repay or refinance our outstanding debt.
 
We are subject to the risk that our indebtedness will not be able to be renewed, repaid or refinanced when due or that the terms of any renewal or refinancing will not be as favorable as the existing terms of such indebtedness.  If we were unable to refinance our indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, we might be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties on disadvantageous terms, which might result in losses to us.  Such losses could have a material adverse effect on us and our ability to make distributions to our equity holders and pay amounts due on our debt.
 
 
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Variable rate debt is subject to interest rate risk.
 
We have construction loans with varying interest rates that are dependent upon the market index.  In addition, we have an unsecured revolving credit facility and a secured agency facility, each of which bears interest at a variable rate on all amounts drawn on the facility.  We may incur additional variable rate debt in the future.  Increases in interest rates on variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, unless we make arrangements that hedge the risk of rising interest rates, which would adversely affect net income and cash available for payment of our debt obligations and distributions to equity holders.
 
Failure to maintain our current credit ratings could adversely affect our cost of funds, liquidity and access to capital markets.
 
Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s, the major debt rating agencies, have evaluated our debt and have given us ratings of Baa3 and BBB-, respectively.  These ratings are based on a number of factors, which include their assessment of our financial strength, liquidity, capital structure, asset quality and sustainability of cash flow and earnings.  Due to changes in market conditions, we may not be able to maintain our current credit ratings, which will adversely affect the cost of funds under our credit facilities, and could also adversely affect our liquidity and access to capital markets.
 
We may incur losses on interest rate swap and hedging arrangements.
 
We may periodically enter into agreements to reduce the risks associated with increases in interest rates.  Although these agreements may partially protect against rising interest rates, they also may reduce the benefits to us if interest rates decline.  If an arrangement is not indexed to the same rate as the indebtedness that is hedged, we may be exposed to losses to the extent which the rate governing the indebtedness and the rate governing the hedging arrangement change independently of each other.  Finally, nonperformance by the other party to the arrangement may subject us to increased credit risks.
 
We could be negatively impacted by the condition of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
 
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are a major source of financing for secured residential real estate.  We and other residential companies have used Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to finance growth by purchasing or guaranteeing apartment loans.  In February 2011, the Obama administration released a report calling for the winding down of the role Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play in the mortgage market.  A final decision by the government to eliminate Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or reduce their role in the mortgage market, may adversely affect interest rates, capital availability or the development of student housing properties.
 
We face risks associated with land holdings.
 
We hold land for future development and may in the future acquire additional land holdings.  The risks inherent in owning or purchasing and developing land increase as demand for student housing, or rental rates, decrease.  As a result, we hold certain land and may in the future acquire additional land in our development pipeline at a cost we may not be able to recover fully or on which we cannot build and develop into a profitable student housing project.  Also, real estate markets are highly uncertain and, as a result, the value of undeveloped land has fluctuated significantly and may continue to fluctuate as a result of changing market conditions.  In addition, carrying costs can be significant and can result in losses or reduced margins in a poorly performing project.  If there are subsequent changes in the fair value of our land holdings that we determine is less than the carrying basis of our land holdings reflected in our financial statements plus estimated costs to sell, we may be required to take future impairment charges, which would reduce our net income.
 
We may not be able to recover pre-development costs for third-party university developments.
 
University systems and educational institutions typically award us development services contracts on the basis of a competitive award process, but such contracts are typically executed following the formal approval of the transaction by the institution’s governing body.  In the intervening period, we may incur significant pre-development and other costs in the expectation that the development services contract will be executed.  If an institution’s governing body does not ultimately approve our selection and the terms of the pending development contract, we may not be able to recoup these costs from the institution and the resulting losses could be material.
 
 
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Our awarded projects may not be successfully structured or financed and may delay our recognition of revenues.
 
The recognition and timing of revenues from our awarded development services projects will, among other things, be contingent upon successfully structuring and closing project financing as well as the timing of construction.  The development projects that we have been awarded have at times been delayed beyond the originally scheduled construction commencement date.  If such delays were to occur with our current awarded projects, our recognition of expected revenues and receipt of expected fees from these projects would be delayed.
 
We may encounter delays in completion or experience cost overruns with respect to our properties under construction.
 
As of December 31, 2012, we were in the process of constructing eight wholly-owned properties.  These properties are subject to the various risks relating to properties that are under construction referred to elsewhere in these risk factors, including the risks that we may encounter delays in completion and that any such project may experience cost overruns or may not be completed on time.  Additionally, if we do not complete the construction of properties on schedule, we may be required to provide alternative housing to the students with whom we have signed leases.  We generally do not make any arrangements for such alternative housing for these properties and we would likely incur significant expenses in the event we provide such housing.  If construction is not completed on schedule, students may attempt to break their leases and our occupancy at such properties for that academic year may suffer.
 
Our guarantees could result in liabilities in excess of our development fees.
 
In third-party developments, we typically provide guarantees of the obligations of the developer, including development budgets and timely project completion.  These guarantees include, among other things, the cost of providing alternate housing for students in the event we do not timely complete a development project.  These guarantees typically exclude delays resulting from force majeure and also, in third-party transactions, are typically limited in amount to the amount of our development fees from the project.  In certain cases, however, our contingent liability under these guarantees has exceeded our development fee from the project and we may agree to such arrangements in the future.  Our obligations under alternative housing guarantees typically expire five days after construction is complete.  Project cost guarantees are normally satisfied within one year after completion of the project.
 
Universities have the right to terminate our participating ground leases.
 
The ground leases through which we own our on-campus participating properties provide that the university lessor may purchase our interest in and assume the management of the facility, with the purchase price calculated at the discounted present value of cash flows from our leasehold interest.  The exercise of any such buyout would result in a reduction in our portfolio.
 
Changes in laws could affect our business.
 
We are generally not able to pass through to our residents under existing leases real estate taxes, income taxes or other taxes.  Consequently, any such tax increases may adversely affect our financial condition and limit our ability to satisfy our financial obligations and make distributions to security holders.  Changes that increase our potential liability under environmental laws or our expenditures on environmental compliance could have the same impact.
 
Litigation risks could affect our business.
 
As a publicly traded owner of properties, we have become and in the future may become involved in legal proceedings, including consumer, employment, tort or commercial litigation, that if decided adversely to or settled by us, and not adequately covered by insurance, could result in liability that is material to our financial condition or results of operations.
 
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
 
Our performance and value are subject to risks associated with real estate assets and with the real estate industry.
 
Our ability to satisfy our financial obligations and make expected distributions to our security holders depends on our ability to generate cash revenues in excess of expenses and capital expenditure requirements.  Events and conditions generally applicable to owners and operators of real property that are beyond our control may decrease cash available for distribution and the value of our properties.  These events include:
 
 
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general economic conditions;
rising level of interest rates;
local oversupply, increased competition or reduction in demand for student housing;
inability to collect rent from tenants;
vacancies or our inability to rent units on favorable terms;
inability to finance property development and acquisitions on favorable terms;
increased operating costs, including insurance premiums, utilities, and real estate taxes;
costs of complying with changes in governmental regulations;
the relative illiquidity of real estate investments;
decreases in student enrollment at particular colleges and universities;
changes in university policies related to admissions and housing; and
changing student demographics.
 
In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates or declining demand for real estate, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence of defaults under existing leases, which would adversely affect us.
 
Potential losses may not be covered by insurance.
 
We carry fire, earthquake, terrorism, business interruption, vandalism, malicious mischief, boiler and machinery, commercial general liability and workers’ compensation insurance covering all of the properties in our portfolio under various policies.  We believe the policy specifications and insured limits are appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice.  There are, however, certain types of losses, such as property damage from generally unsecured losses such as riots, wars, punitive damage awards or acts of God that may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable.  Some of our properties are insured subject to limitations involving large deductibles and policy limits that may not be sufficient to cover losses.  In addition, we may discontinue earthquake, terrorism or other insurance on some or all of our properties in the future if the cost of premiums from any of these policies exceeds, in our judgment, the value of the coverage discounted for the risk of loss.
 
If we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties.  In addition, if the damaged properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably damaged and require substantial expenditures to rebuild or repair.  In the event of a significant loss at one or more of our properties, the remaining insurance under our policies, if any, could be insufficient to adequately insure our other properties.  In such event, securing additional insurance, if possible, could be significantly more expensive than our current policies.
 
Unionization or work stoppages could have an adverse effect on us.
 
We are at times required to use unionized construction workers or to pay the prevailing wage in a jurisdiction to such workers.  Due to the highly labor intensive and price competitive nature of the construction business, the cost of unionization and/or prevailing wage requirements for new developments could be substantial.  Unionization and prevailing wage requirements could adversely affect a new development’s profitability.  Union activity or a union workforce could increase the risk of a strike, which would adversely affect our ability to meet our construction timetables.
 
We could incur significant costs related to government regulation and private litigation over environmental matters.
 
Under various environmental laws, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for contamination resulting from the release or threatened release of hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum at that property, and an entity that arranges for the disposal or treatment of a hazardous or toxic substance or petroleum at another property may be held jointly and severally liable for the cost to investigate and clean up such property or other affected property.  Such parties are known as potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”).  Such environmental laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the costs of any required investigation or cleanup of these substances can be substantial.  PRPs are liable to the government as well as to other PRPs who may have claims for contribution.  The liability is generally not limited under such laws and could exceed the property’s value and the aggregate assets of the liable party.  The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our properties may expose us to third-party liability for personal injury or property damage, or adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real property or to borrow using the real property as collateral.
 
 
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Environmental laws also impose ongoing compliance requirements on owners and operators of real property.  Environmental laws potentially affecting us address a wide variety of matters, including, but not limited to, asbestos-containing building materials (“ACBM”), storage tanks, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, wetlands, and hazardous wastes.  Failure to comply with these laws could result in fines and penalties or expose us to third-party liability.  Some of our properties may have conditions that are subject to these requirements and we could be liable for such fines or penalties or liable to third parties.
 
Existing conditions at some of our properties may expose us to liability related to environmental matters.
 
Some of the properties in our portfolio may contain asbestos-containing building materials, or ACBMs.  Environmental laws require that ACBMs be properly managed and maintained, and may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators for failure to comply with these requirements.  Also, some of the properties in our portfolio contain, or may have contained, or are adjacent to or near other properties that have contained or currently contain storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances.  These operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances.  Third parties may be permitted by law to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to contaminants, including, but not limited to, petroleum products, hazardous or toxic substances, and asbestos fibers.  Also, some of the properties may contain regulated wetlands that can delay or impede development or require costs to be incurred to mitigate the impact of any disturbance.  Absent appropriate permits, we can be held responsible for restoring wetlands and be required to pay fines and penalties.
 
Insurance carriers have reacted to awards or settlements related to lawsuits against owners and managers of residential properties alleging personal injury and property damage caused by the presence of mold in residential real estate by excluding mold related programs designed to minimize the existence of mold in any of our properties as well as guidelines for promptly addressing and resolving reports of mold to minimize any impact mold might have on residents or the property.
 
Environmental liability at any of our properties, including those related to the existence of mold, may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, the trading price of our stock or our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and pay dividends or distributions to our security holders.
 
We may incur significant costs complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar laws.
 
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA, all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons.  Additional federal, state and local laws also may require modifications to our properties, or restrict our ability to renovate our properties.  For example, the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, or FHAA, requires apartment properties first occupied after March 13, 1990 to be accessible to the handicapped.  We have not conducted an audit or investigation of all of our properties to determine our compliance with present requirements.  Noncompliance with the ADA or FHAA could result in the imposition of fines or an award or damages to the government or private litigants and also could result in an order to correct any non-complying feature.  Also, discrimination on the basis of certain protected classes can result in significant awards to victims.  We cannot predict the ultimate amount of the cost of compliance with the ADA, FHAA or other legislation.  If we incur substantial costs to comply with the ADA, FHAA or any other legislation, we could be materially and adversely affected.
 
We may incur significant costs complying with other regulations.
 
The properties in our portfolio are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements.  If we fail to comply with these various requirements, we might incur governmental fines or private damage awards.  Furthermore, existing requirements could change and require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures that would materially and adversely affect us.
 
 
13

 
 
Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers’ financial condition and disputes between our co-venturers and us.
 
We have co-invested, and may continue in the future to co-invest, with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity.  In connection with joint venture investments, we do not have sole decision-making control regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity.  Investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third-party not involved, including the possibility that our partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions.  Our partners or co-venturers also may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our preferences, policies or objectives.  Such investments also will have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor our partners or co-venturers would have full control over the partnership or joint venture.  Disputes between us and our partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort exclusively on our business.  Consequently, actions by or disputes with our partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership, joint venture or other entity to additional risk.  In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our partners or co-venturers.
 
We rely on information technology in our operations, and any breach, interruption or security failure of that technology could have a negative impact to our business and/or financial condition.
 
Information security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks.  A failure in or breach of our operational or information security systems, or those of our third party service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, and/or subject us to possible financial liabilities, any of which could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
 
Our stock price will fluctuate.
 
The market price and volume of our common stock will fluctuate due not only to general stock market conditions but also to the risk factors discussed above and below and the following:
 
operating results that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;
investor interest in our property portfolio;
the reputation and performance of REITs;
the attractiveness of REITs as compared to other investment vehicles;
our financial condition and the results of our operations;
the perception of our growth and earnings potential;
dividend payment rates and the form of the payment;
increases in market rates, which may lead purchasers of our common stock to demand a higher yield; and
changes in financial markets and national economic and general market conditions.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we may be forced to limit the activities of a TRS.
 
To qualify as a REIT, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs.  Certain of our activities, such as our third-party development, management and leasing services, must be conducted through a TRS for us to qualify as a REIT.  In addition, certain non-customary services must be provided by a TRS or an independent contractor.  If the revenues from such activities create a risk that the value of our TRS entities, based on revenues or otherwise, approaches the 25% threshold, we will be forced to curtail such activities or take other steps to remain under the 25% threshold.  Since the 25% threshold is based on value, it is possible that the IRS could successfully contend that the value of our TRS entities exceeds the 25% threshold even if the TRS accounts for less than 25% of our consolidated revenues, income or cash flow.  Our on-campus participating properties and our third-party services are held by a TRS.  Consequently, income earned from our on-campus participating properties and our third-party services will be subject to regular federal income taxation and state and local income taxation where applicable, thus reducing the amount of cash available for distribution to our security holders.
 
A TRS is not permitted to directly or indirectly operate or manage a “hotel, motel or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis.”  We believe that our method of operating our TRS entities will not be considered to constitute such an activity.  Future Treasury Regulations or other guidance interpreting the applicable provisions might adopt a different approach, or the IRS might disagree with our conclusion.  In such event we might be forced to change our method of operating our TRS entities, which could adversely affect us, or of one of our TRS entities could fail to qualify as a taxable REIT subsidiary, which would likely cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
 
 
14

 
 
Failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our securities.
 
We intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code.  If we lose our REIT status, we will face serious tax consequences that would substantially reduce or eliminate the funds available for investment and for distribution to security holders for each of the years involved, because:
 
we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends to security holders in computing our taxable income and such amounts would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;
we also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes; and
unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified.
 
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be required to pay dividends to stockholders, and all dividends to stockholders will be subject to tax as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.  As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT also could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and would adversely affect the value of our common stock.
 
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations.  The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable Treasury Regulations that have been promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code is greater in the case of a REIT that, like us, holds its assets through a partnership or a limited liability company.  The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.  In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of requirements, including requirements regarding the composition of our assets and two “gross income tests”: (a) at least 75% of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualified sources, such as rents from real property, mortgage interest, dividends from other REITs and gains from sale of such assets, and (b) at least 95% of our gross income must be derived from sources meeting the 75% income test above, and other passive investment sources, such as other interest and dividends and gains from sale of securities.  Also, we must pay dividends to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding any net capital gains.  In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may adversely affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments.
 
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in the event we sell property as a dealer or if a TRS enters into agreements with us or our tenants on a basis that is determined to be other than an arm’s length basis.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds on a short-term basis during unfavorable market conditions.
 
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required under the Internal Revenue Code to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain.  A TRS may, in its discretion, retain any income it generates net of any tax liability it incurs on that income without affecting the 90% distribution requirements to which we are subject as a REIT.  Net income of our TRS entities is included in REIT taxable income and increases the amount required to be distributed, only if such amounts are paid out as a dividend by a TRS.  If a TRS distributes any of its after-tax income to us, that distribution will be included in our REIT taxable income.  In addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income, including any net capital gains.  Because of these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary acquisition financing, from operating cash flow.  Consequently, we will be compelled to rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs.  We may not be able to obtain this financing on favorable terms or at all.  Any additional indebtedness that we incur will increase our leverage.  Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:
 
general market conditions;
our current debt levels and the number of properties subject to encumbrances;
our current performance and the market’s perception of our growth potential;
our cash flow and cash dividends; and
the market price per share of our stock.
 
 
15

 
 
If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic opportunities exist, satisfy our debt service obligations or make cash distributions to our security holders, including those necessary to qualify as a REIT.
 
Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our stock.
 
Our charter provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person or entity may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% by value of all our outstanding shares, including both common and preferred stock.  We refer to this restriction as the “ownership limit.”  A person or entity that becomes subject to the ownership limit by virtue of a violative transfer that results in a transfer to a trust is referred to as a “purported beneficial transferee” if, had the violative transfer been effective, the person or entity would have been a record owner and beneficial owner or solely a beneficial owner of our stock, or is referred to as a “purported record transferee” if, had the violative transfer been effective, the person or entity would have been solely a record owner of our stock.
 
The constructive ownership rules under the Internal Revenue Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity.  As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our stock) by an individual or entity, could, nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of our outstanding stock and thereby subject the stock to the ownership limit.  Our charter, however, requires exceptions to be made to this limitation if our board of directors determines that such exceptions will not jeopardize our tax status as a REIT.  This ownership limit could delay, defer or prevent a change of control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our security holders.
 
Certain tax and anti-takeover provisions of our charter and bylaws may inhibit a change of our control.
 
Certain provisions contained in our charter and bylaws and the Maryland General Corporation Law may discourage a third-party from making a tender offer or acquisition proposal to us.  If this were to happen, it could delay, deter or prevent a change in control or the removal of existing management.  These provisions also may delay or prevent the security holders from receiving a premium for their securities over then-prevailing market prices.  These provisions include:
 
the REIT ownership limit described above;
authorization of the issuance of our preferred shares with powers, preferences or rights to be determined by our board of directors;
the right of our board of directors, without a stockholder vote, to increase our authorized shares and classify or reclassify unissued shares;
advance-notice requirements for stockholder nomination of directors and for other proposals to be presented to stockholder meetings; and
the requirement that a majority vote of the holders of common stock is needed to remove a member of our board of directors for “cause.”
 
The Maryland business statutes also impose potential restrictions on a change of control of our company.
 
Various Maryland laws may have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us, even if the acquisition would be advantageous to security holders.  Our bylaws exempt us from some of those laws, such as the control share acquisition provisions, but our board of directors can change our bylaws at any time to make these provisions applicable to us.
 
Our rights and the rights of our security holders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
 
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believe to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinary prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances.  In addition, our charter eliminates our directors’ and officers’ liability to us and our stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.  Our bylaws require us to indemnify directors and officers for liability resulting from actions taken by them in those capacitates to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.  As a result, we and our security holders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law.  In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers.
 
 
16

 
 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments
 
There were no unresolved comments from the staff of the SEC at December 31, 2012.
 
Item 2.   Properties
 
The following table presents certain summary information about our properties.  Our properties generally are modern facilities, and amenities at most of our properties include a swimming pool, basketball courts and a large community center featuring a fitness center, computer center, study areas, and a recreation room with billiards and other games. Some properties also have a jacuzzi/hot tub, volleyball courts, tennis courts and in-unit washers and dryers.  The Callaway House, The Castilian and The Callaway House - Austin also have food service facilities.  Lease terms are generally 12 months at wholly-owned properties and 9 months at our on-campus participating properties.
 
These properties are included in the Wholly-Owned Properties and On-Campus Participating Properties segments discussed in Item 1 and Note 18 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.  We own fee title to all of these properties except for properties subject to ground/facility leases and our on-campus participating properties, as discussed more fully in Note 8 and Note 16 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.  All dollar amounts in this table and others herein, except share and per share amounts, are stated in thousands unless otherwise indicated.
 
 
17

 
 
Property
 
Year
Built
 
Date
Acquired/
Developed
 
Primary University Served
 
Typical
Lease
Term
(Mos)
   Year
Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue
  Average Monthly Revenue/ Bed (1)  
2012
Average
Occupancy
(2)
 
Occupancy
as of
12/31/12
 
# of
Buildings
 
# of Units
 
# of
Beds
                                                 
WHOLLY-OWNED PROPERTIES
                                           
                                                 
The Village at Blacksburg
 
1990/
1998
 
Dec-00
 
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
  and State University
 
12
 
 5,572
 
 426
 
99.6%
 
99.5%
 
26
 
288
 
1,056
                                                 
The Callaway House
 
1999
 
Mar-01
 
Texas A&M University
 
9
   
8,093
  (3) 
 
1,248
  (3)
103.7%
 
103.7%
 
1
 
173
 
538
                                                 
The Village at Alafaya Club
 
1999
 
Jul-00
 
The University of Central
  Florida
 
12
   
6,312
   
592
 
98.2%
 
96.9%
 
20
 
228
 
839
                                                 
The Village at Science Drive
 
2000
 
Nov-01
 
The University of Central
  Florida
 
12
   
5,595
   
612
 
98.7%
 
97.4%
 
17
 
192
 
732
                                                 
University Village at Boulder
  Creek
 
2002
 
Aug-02
 
The University of Colorado at
  Boulder
 
12
   
3,072
   
793
 
98.7%
 
98.7%
 
4
 
82
 
309
                                                 
University Village - Fresno
 
2004
 
Aug-04
 
California State University –
  Fresno
 
12
   
2,682
   
511
 
97.3%
 
97.5%
 
9
 
105
 
406
                                                 
University Village
 
2004
 
Aug-04
 
Temple University
 
12
   
6,595
   
717
 
92.6%
 
84.0%
 
3
 
220
 
749
                                                 
University Village at Sweet
  Home
 
2005
 
Aug-05
 
State University of New York –
  Buffalo
 
12
   
6,378
   
648
 
95.7%
 
99.5%
 
11
 
269
 
828
                                                 
University Club Townhomes (4)
 
2000/
2002
 
Feb-05
 
Florida State University
 
12
   
5,200
   
485
 
97.7%
 
95.9%
 
27
 
216
 
736
                                                 
College Club Townhomes (4)
 
2001
 
Feb-05
 
Florida A&M University
 
12
   
3,289
   
389
 
96.3%
 
96.7%
 
12
 
136
 
544
University Club Apartments
 
1999
 
Feb-05
 
University of Florida
 
12
   
2,168
   
467
 
 
98.6%
 
98.1%
 
9
 
94
 
376
                                                 
The Estates
 
2002
 
Mar-05
 
University of Florida
 
12
   
6,882
   
534
 
98.4%
 
98.6%
 
20
 
396
 
1,044
                                                 
City Parc at Fry Street
 
2004
 
Mar-05
 
University of North Texas
 
12
   
3,056
   
596
 
97.2%
 
96.4%
 
8
 
136
 
418
                                                 
Entrada Real
 
2000
 
Mar-06
 
University of Arizona
 
12
   
2,662
   
574
 
93.6%
 
84.8%
 
8
 
98
 
363
                                                 
University Village - Tallahassee (5)
 
1990/91/
92
 
Mar-06
 
Florida State University
 
12
   
4,228
   
472
 
98.5%
 
99.4%
 
12
 
217
 
716
                                                 
Royal Village - Gainesville
 
1996
 
Mar-06
 
University of Florida
 
12
   
2,793
   
501
 
98.1%
 
98.0%
 
8
 
118
 
448
                                                 
Northgate Lakes
 
1997/98
 
Mar-06
 
The University of Central
  Florida
 
12
   
5,155
   
586
 
98.2%
 
96.5%
 
13
 
194
 
710
                                                 
Royal Lexington
 
1994
 
Mar-06
 
The University of Kentucky
 
12
   
2,133
   
458
 
98.4%
 
98.6%
 
4
 
94
 
364
                                                 
The Woods at Greenland
 
2001
 
Mar-06
 
Middle Tennessee State
  University
 
12
   
1,426
   
416
 
96.9%
 
97.1%
 
3
 
78
 
276
                                                 
Raiders Crossing
 
2002
 
Mar-06
 
Middle Tennessee State
  University
 
12
   
1,508
   
445
 
96.3%
 
94.6%
 
4
 
96
 
276
                                                 
Raiders Pass
 
2002/03
 
Mar-06
 
Texas Tech University
 
12
   
4,531
   
470
 
92.4%
 
84.3%
 
12
 
264
 
828
                                                 
Aggie Station
 
2003
 
Mar-06
 
Texas A&M University
 
12
   
2,962
   
536
 
99.9%
 
100.0%
 
5
 
156
 
450
                                                 
The Outpost - San Marcos
 
2003/04
 
Mar-06
 
Texas State University – San
  Marcos
 
12
   
3,083
   
511
 
99.2%
 
99.2%
 
5
 
162
 
486
                                                 
The Outpost - San Antonio
 
2005
 
Mar-06
 
University of Texas – San
  Antonio
 
12
   
5,717
   
563
 
95.9%
 
88.0%
 
10
 
276
 
828
 
 
18

 
 
Property
 
Year Built
 
Date
Acquired/ Developed
 
Primary University Served
 
Typical Lease Term (Mos)
    Year Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue   Average Monthly Revenue/ Bed (1)  
2012 Average Occupancy (2)
 
Occupancy as of 12/31/12
 
# of Buildings
 
# of Units
 
# of Beds
                                                 
Callaway Villas
 
2006
 
Aug-06
 
Texas A&M University
 
12
 
 6,065
  $
 740
 
91.3%
 
99.3%
 
20
 
236
 
704
 
The Village on Sixth Avenue
 
2000/06
 
Jan-07
 
 
Marshall University
 
12
   
4,169
   
460
 
 
95.8%
 
 
95.6%
 
 
14
 
248
 
752
                                                 
Newtown Crossing
 
 
2005/07
 
Feb-07
 
University of Kentucky
 
12
   
6,510
   
562
 
 
99.3%
 
 
99.3%
 
7
 
356
 
942
                                                 
Olde Towne University
  Square
 
2005
 
Feb-07
 
University of  Toledo
 
12
   
3,958
   
577
 
99.8%
 
100.2%
 
4
 
224
 
550
                                                 
Peninsular Place
 
2005
 
Feb-07
 
Eastern Michigan University
 
12
   
2,950
   
478
 
99.1%
 
98.5%
 
2
 
183
 
478
                                                 
University Centre
 
2007
 
Aug-07
 
Rutgers University, NJIT,
  Essex CCC
 
9/12
   
7,238
   
793
 
85.8%
 
98.3%
 
2
 
234
 
838
                                                 
Sunnyside Commons
 
1925/ 2001
 
Feb-08
 
West Virginia University
 
12
   
913
   
439
 
100.6%
 
100.6%
 
9
 
68
 
161
                                                 
Pirates Place Townhomes
 
1996
 
Feb-08
 
East Carolina University
 
12
   
2,362
   
362
 
92.6%
 
92.6%
 
12
 
144
 
528
                                                 
The Highlands
 
2004
 
June-08
 
University of Nevada at Reno
 
12
   
4,010
   
445
 
97.9%
 
99.2%
 
17
 
216
 
732
                                                 
The Summit & Jacob Heights (5)
 
2003- 2006
 
June-08
 
Minnesota State University
 
12
   
5,270
   
456
 
98.3%
 
98.5%
 
34
 
258
 
930
                                                 
GrandMarc Seven Corners
 
2000
 
June-08
 
University of Minnesota
 
12
   
4,648
   
632
 
125.2%
 
125.9%
 
1
 
186
 
440
                                                 
University Village –
  Sacramento
 
1979
 
June-08
 
California State University –
  Sacramento
 
12
   
2,892
   
573
 
103.4%
 
104.3%
 
41
 
250
 
394
                                                 
Aztec Corner
 
1995
 
June-08
 
San Diego State University
 
12
   
4,592
   
607
 
98.5%
 
98.3%
 
3
 
180
 
606
                                                 
University Crossings
 
1926/
2003
 
June-08
 
University of Pennsylvania /
  Drexel
 
12
   
8,831
   
599
 
99.3%
 
99.4%
 
1
 
260
 
1,016
                                                 
Campus Corner
 
1997
 
June-08
 
Indiana University
 
12
   
4,528
   
461
 
97.6%
 
99.2%
 
23
 
254
 
796
                                                 
Tower at 3rd
 
1973
 
June-08
 
University of Illinois
 
12
   
3,296
   
682
 
98.9%
 
98.9%
 
1
 
188
 
375
                                                 
University Mills
 
2002
 
June-08
 
University of Northern Iowa
 
12
   
2,480
   
416
 
97.6%
 
96.9%
 
11
 
121
 
481
                                                 
University Manor
 
2002
 
June-08
 
East Carolina University
 
12
   
2,830
   
386
 
95.4%
 
97.7%
 
18
 
168
 
600
                                                 
University Pines
 
2001
 
June-08
 
Georgia Southern University
 
12
   
2,933
   
439
 
94.1%
 
98.9%
 
13
 
144
 
552
                                                 
Lakeside
 
1991
 
June-08
 
University of Georgia
 
12
   
3,746
   
373
 
96.9%
 
96.1%
 
20
 
244
 
776
                                                 
The Club
 
1989
 
June-08
 
University of Georgia
 
12
   
2,052
   
336
 
97.8%
 
98.3%
 
17
 
120
 
480
                                                 
The Edge -Orlando
 
1999
 
June-08
 
The University of Central
  Florida
 
12
   
7,172
   
597
 
99.2%
 
99.2%
 
21
 
306
 
930
                                                 
University Place
 
2003
 
June-08
 
University of Virginia
 
12
   
2,374
   
400
 
89.7%
 
91.7%
 
12
 
144
 
528
                                                 
South View
 
1998
 
June-08
 
James Madison University
 
12
   
5,403
   
467
 
98.3%
 
98.2%
 
21
 
240
 
960
                                                 
Stone Gate
 
2000
 
June-08
 
James Madison University
 
12
   
3,691
   
471
 
95.5%
 
96.7%
 
15
 
168
 
672
                                                 
The Commons
 
1991
 
June-08
 
James Madison University
 
12
   
2,457
   
391
 
95.3%
 
95.5%
 
11
 
132
 
528
                                                 
University Gables
 
2001
 
June-08
 
Middle Tennessee State
  University
 
12
   
2,992
   
372
 
95.3%
 
93.2%
 
15
 
168
 
648
                                                 
Campus Ridge
 
2003
 
June-08
 
East Tennessee State University
 
12
   
2,377
   
382
 
92.6%
 
90.3%
 
10
 
132
 
528
 
 
19

 
 
Property
 
Year Built
 
Date
Acquired/
Developed
 
Primary University Served
 
Typical Lease Term (Mos)
  Year
Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue
  Average Monthly Revenue/ Bed (1)  
2012 Average Occupancy (2)
 
Occupancy as of 12/31/12
 
# of Buildings
 
# of Units
 
# of Beds
                                                 
The Enclave
 
2002
 
June-08
 
Bowling Green State University
 
12
  $
 1,760
 
293
 
98.9%
 
99.2%
 
11
 
120
 
480
                                                 
Hawks Landing
 
1994
 
June-08
 
Miami University of Ohio
 
12
   
2,430
   
412
 
99.0%
 
98.8%
 
13
 
122
 
484
                                                 
Willowtree Apartments &
Towers (4)
 
1968/ 1974
 
June-08
 
University of Michigan
 
12
   
4,909
   
476
 
98.2%
 
99.5%
 
16
 
473
 
851
                                                 
Abbott Place
 
1999
 
June-08
 
Michigan State University
 
12
   
3,719
   
458
 
99.3%
 
99.4%
 
9
 
222
 
654
                                                 
The Centre
 
2004
 
June-08
 
Western Michigan University
 
12
   
3,451
   
395
 
99.2%
 
99.4%
 
23
 
232
 
700
                                                 
University Meadows
 
2001
 
June-08
 
Central Michigan University
 
12
   
2,876
   
401
 
92.6%
 
98.5%
 
23
 
184
 
616
                                                 
Campus Way
 
1993
 
June-08
 
University of Alabama
 
12
   
3,828
   
447
 
98.1%
 
98.8%
 
9
 
194
 
680
                                                 
University Pointe
 
2004
 
June-08
 
Texas Tech University
 
12
   
4,621
   
554
 
97.9%
 
97.7%
 
11
 
204
 
682
                                                 
University Trails
 
2003
 
June-08
 
Texas Tech University
 
12
   
4,326
   
520
 
97.5%
 
96.6%
 
20
 
240
 
684
                                                 
Vista del Sol - ACE
 
2008
 
Aug-08
 
Arizona State University
 
12
   
16,281
   
667
 
97.7%
 
95.9%
 
12
 
613
 
1,866
                                                 
Villas at Chestnut Ridge
 
2008
 
Aug-08
 
State University of New York –
  Buffalo
 
12
   
4,799
   
715
 
98.6%
 
96.0%
 
12
 
196
 
552
                                                 
Barrett Honors– ACE
 
2009
 
Aug-09
 
Arizona State University
 
9
   
12,745
   
803
 
96.3%
 
96.7%
 
7
 
604
 
1,721
                                                 
University Heights
 
2001
 
Mar-10
 
University of Alabama at
  Birmingham
 
 
12
   
2,828
   
414
 
99.1%
 
99.1%
 
8
 
176
 
528
Sanctuary Lofts
 
2008
 
July-10
 
Texas State University
 
12
   
4,066
   
621
 
98.1%
 
98.2%
 
4
 
201
 
487
                                                 
Lion’s Crossing
 
1996
 
Sep-10
 
Penn State University
 
12
   
4,890
   
515
 
99.3%
 
99.4%
 
17
 
204
 
696
                                                 
Nittany Crossing
 
1996/97
 
Sep-10
 
Penn State University
 
12
   
4,465
   
501
 
99.1%
 
99.3%
 
11
 
204
 
684
                                                 
State College Park
 
1991
 
Sep-10
 
Penn State University
 
12
   
4,688
   
478
 
99.4%
 
99.3%
 
15
 
196
 
752
                                                 
The View
 
2003
 
Sep-10
 
University of Nebraska
 
12
   
2,578
   
344
 
99.8%
 
99.8%
 
12
 
157
 
590
                                                 
Chapel Ridge
 
2003
 
Sep-10
 
UNC – Chapel Hill
 
12
   
4,022
   
618
 
96.7%
 
98.7%
 
13
 
180
 
544
                                                 
Chapel View
 
1986/
2003
 
Sep-10
 
UNC – Chapel Hill
 
12
   
2,875
   
652
 
98.4%
 
98.3%
 
14
 
224
 
358
                                                 
University Oaks
 
2004
 
Sep-10
 
University of South Carolina
 
12
   
4,114
   
495
 
98.9%
 
99.1%
 
14
 
181
 
662
                                                 
Blanton Common
 
2005/07
 
Sep-10
 
Valdosta State University
 
12
   
4,353
   
416
 
92.4%
 
84.5%
 
21
 
276
 
860
                                                 
Burbank Commons
 
1995
 
Sep-10
 
Louisiana State University
 
12
   
2,863
   
438
 
97.3%
 
97.0%
 
7
 
134
 
532
                                                 
University Crescent
 
1999
 
Sep-10
 
Louisiana State University
 
12
   
4,048
   
534
 
98.0%
 
97.1%
 
15
 
192
 
612
                                                 
University Greens
 
1999
 
Sep-10
 
University of Oklahoma
 
12
   
2,583
   
409
 
94.1%
 
98.8%
 
13
 
156
 
516
                                                 
The Edge – Charlotte
 
2000
 
Nov-10
 
University of North Carolina at
  Charlotte
 
12
   
4,156
   
463
 
98.9%
 
98.9%
 
15
 
180
 
720
                                                 
University Walk
 
2002
 
Nov-10
 
University of North Carolina at
  Charlotte
 
12
   
2,944
   
489
 
99.1%
 
99.2%
 
12
 
120
 
480
                                                 
Uptown
 
2004
 
Nov-10
 
University of North Texas
 
12
   
3,825
   
585
 
97.8%
 
97.3%
 
12
 
180
 
528
                                                 
2nd Avenue Centre
 
2008
 
Dec-10
 
University of Florida
 
12
   
5,574
   
521
 
99.3%
 
99.3%
 
7
 
274
 
868
 
 
20

 
 
Property
 
Year Built
 
Date
Acquired/
Developed
 
Primary University Served
 
Typical Lease Term (Mos)
  Year Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue   Average Monthly Revenue/ Bed (1)  
2012 Average Occupancy (2)
 
Occupancy as of 12/31/12
 
# of Buildings
 
# of Units
 
# of Beds
                                                 
Campus Trails
 
1991
 
June-08
 
Mississippi State University
 
12
  $
 2,311
  $
 394
 
98.5%
 
98.1%
 
14
 
156
 
480
                                                 
Villas at Babcock
 
2011
 
Aug-11
 
University of Texas – San
  Antonio
 
12
   
5,461
   
554
 
98.6%
 
97.1%
 
16
 
204
 
792
                                                 
Lobo Village - ACE
 
2011
 
Aug-11
 
University of New Mexico
 
12
   
5,524
   
505
 
99.1%
 
98.8%
 
20
 
216
 
864
                                                 
Villas on Sycamore
 
2011
 
Aug-11
 
Sam Houston State University
 
12
   
3,956
   
468
 
96.8%
 
96.2%
 
88
 
170
 
680
                                                 
University Village - ACE
 
2011
 
Aug-11
 
Prairie View A&M University
 
9
   
812
   
598
 
99.9%
 
100.0%
 
2
 
36
 
144
                                                 
Eagles Trail
 
2007
 
Sep-11
 
Univ. of Southern Mississippi
 
12
   
3,246
   
400
 
78.3%
 
95.8%
 
16
 
216
 
792
                                                 
26 West
 
2008
 
Dec-11
 
University of Texas - Austin
 
12
   
9,938
   
718
 
98.4%
 
99.6%
 
3
 
367
 
1,026
                                                 
The Varsity
 
2011
 
Dec-11
 
University of Maryland
 
12
   
11,021
   
940
 
91.9%
 
94.0%
 
1
 
258
 
901
                                                 
Subtotal – Same Store Wholly-Owned Properties (6)
       
  386,717
   
532
 
97.2%
 
97.3%
 
1,162
 
18,122
 
58,311
                                                 
University Heights (7)
 
1999
 
Jan-12
 
University of Tennessee
 
12
   
3,055
   
417
 
90.2%
 
88.1%
 
8
 
204
 
636
                                                 
Avalon Heights (7)
 
2002
 
May-12
 
University of South Florida in Tampa
 
12
   
3,037
   
486
 
98.9%
 
99.7%
 
4
 
210
 
754
                                                 
University Commons (7)
 
2003
 
June-12
 
University of Minnesota in Minneapolis
 
12
   
2,163
   
615
 
109.2%
 
113.5%
 
4
 
164
 
480
                                                 
University Pointe at College
  Station –  ACE (8)
 
2012
 
Sep-12
 
Portland State University
 
12
   
2,233
   
649
 
88.8%
 
89.5%
 
1
 
282
 
978
                                                 
Casas del Rio – ACE (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
University of New Mexico
 
10
   
2,671
   
571
 
99.4%
 
99.4%
 
4
 
283
 
1,028
                                                 
The Suites – ACE (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Northern Arizona University
 
10
   
1,634
   
636
 
99.4%
 
99.5%
 
2
 
275
 
550
                                                 
Hilltop Townhomes - ACE (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Northern Arizona University
 
12
   
1,657
   
589
 
99.1%
 
99.1%
 
10
 
144
 
576
                                                 
U Club on Frey (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Kennesaw State University
 
12
   
1,223
   
578
 
99.1%
 
99.1%
 
7
 
114
 
456
                                                 
Campus Edge on UTA
  Boulevard (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
University of Texas - Arlington
 
12
   
1,375
   
588
 
99.4%
 
98.4%
 
1
 
128
 
488
                                                 
U Club Townhomes on
  Marion Pugh (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Texas A&M University
 
12
   
1,728
   
577
 
99.3%
 
99.4%
 
40
 
160
 
 
640
                                                 
Villas on Rensch (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
University at Buffalo
 
12
   
1,949
   
699
 
98.9%
 
98.7%
 
39
 
153
 
610
                                                 
The Village at Overton Park (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Texas Tech University
 
12
   
1,783
   
618
 
98.6%
 
98.7%
 
2
 
163
 
612
                                                 
Casa de Oro - ACE (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Arizona State University
 
12
   
573
   
616
 
55.3%
 
54.2%
 
1
 
109
 
365
                                                 
The Villas at Vista del Sol –
  ACE (8)
 
2012
 
Aug-12
 
Arizona State University
 
12
   
1,335
   
667
 
99.1%
 
98.5%
 
12
 
104
 
400
                                                 
University Edge (7)
 
2012
 
Dec-12
 
Kent State University
 
12
   
1,688
   
598
 
89.5%
 
89.1%
  3  
201
 
608
                                                 
The Block (7)
 
2007/
2008
 
Aug-12
 
The University of Texas at Austin
 
12
   
6,604
   
857
 
98.4%
 
98.2%
 
8
 
669
 
1,555
                                                 
309 Green (7)
 
2008
 
Sept-12
 
University of Illinois
 
12
   
1,249
   
849
 
90.4%
 
90.9%
 
1
 
110
 
416
 
 
21

 
 
Property
 
Year Built
 
Date
Acquired/
Developed
 
Primary University Served
 
Typical Lease Term (Mos)
  Year Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue  
Average Monthly Revenue/ Bed (1)
 
2012 Average Occupancy (2)
 
Occupancy as of 12/31/12
 
# of Buildings
 
# of Units
 
# of Beds
                                               
The Retreat (7)
 
2012
 
Sept-12
 
Texas State University
 
12
  $
 1,610
 
$          601
 
98.2%
 
98.1%
 
140
 
187
 
780
                                               
Lofts 54 (7)
 
2008
 
Sept-12
 
University of Illinois
 
12
   
421
 
695
 
89.5%
 
90.1%
 
1
 
43
 
172
                                               
Campustown Rentals (7)
 
1920-1987
 
Sept-12
 
University of Illinois
 
12
   
1,359
 
500
 
94.9%
 
94.9%
 
22
 
280
 
766
                                               
Chauncey Square  (7)
 
2007/
2012
 
Sept-12
 
Purdue University
 
12
   
1,153
 
752
 
96.6%
 
99.7%
 
2
 
158
 
386
                                               
Vintage West Campus (7)
 
2009
 
 
Sept-12
 
The University of Texas at Austin
 
12
   
463
 
795
 
112.0%
 
119.8%
 
1
 
62
 
121
                                               
Texan West Campus (7)
 
2005
 
 
Sept-12
 
The University of Texas at Austin
 
12
   
585
 
698
 
107.1%
 
109.5%
 
1
 
62
 
190
                                               
The Castilian (7)
 
1967
 
 
Sept-12
 
The University of Texas at Austin
 
9
   
2,736
(3)
1,008
(3)
101.6%
 
89.7%
 
1
 
371
 
623
                                               
Bishops Square (7)
 
2002
 
Sept-12
 
Texas State University
 
12
   
637
 
569
 
88.7%
 
88.9%
 
13
 
134
 
315
                                               
Union (7)
 
2007
 
Sept-12
 
Baylor University
 
12
   
263
 
590
 
99.6%
 
100.0%
 
1
 
54
 
120
                                               
922 Place (7)
 
2009
 
Sept-12
 
Arizona State University
 
12
   
845
 
720
 
59.7%
 
59.8%
 
2
 
132
 
468
                                               
Campustown (7)
 
1910-2004
 
Sept-12
 
Iowa State University
 
12
   
2,285
 
487
 
100.7%
 
100.6%
 
34
 
450
 
1,206
                                               
River Mill (7)
 
1972
 
Sept-12
 
University of Georgia
 
12
   
762
 
532
 
84.7%
 
84.6%
 
5
 
243
 
461
                                               
Garnet River Walk (7)
 
2006
 
Sept-12
 
University of South Carolina
 
12
   
1,053
 
600
 
99.0%
 
99.2%
 
11
 
170
 
476
                                               
Landmark  (7)
 
2012
 
Sept-12
 
University of Michigan
 
12
   
2,418
 
1,008
 
101.3%
 
101.3%
 
1
 
173
 
606
                                               
Icon Plaza  (7)
 
2012
 
Sept-12
 
University of Southern   California
 
12
   
1,280
 
1,246
 
104.2%
 
104.3%
 
1
 
56
 
253
                                               
The Province –
  Greensboro (7)
 
2011
 
Nov-12
 
University of North Carolina at
  Greensboro
 
12
   
397
 
610
 
91.1%
 
91.1%
  17  
219
 
696
                                               
RAMZ Apartments on Broad (7)
 
2004
 
Nov-12
 
Virginia Commonwealth
  University
 
12
   
152
 
738
 
84.3%
 
84.3%
  1  
88
 
172
                                               
The Lofts of Capital
  Garage (7)
 
2000
 
Nov-12
 
Virginia Commonwealth
  University
 
12
   
54
 
443
 
82.6%
 
82.6%
  1  
36
 
144
                                               
Forest Village & Woodlake (7)
 
1982/
1983
 
Nov-12
 
University of Missouri
 
12
   
212
 
300
 
98.9%
 
98.9%
  14  
352
 
704
                                               
25Twenty  (7)
 
2011
 
Nov-12
 
Texas Tech University
 
12
   
380
 
727
 
91.6%
 
91.6%
  1  
249
 
562
                                               
The Province -Louisville (7)
 
2009
 
Nov-12
 
University of Louisville
 
12
   
548
 
656
 
96.6%
 
96.6%
  9  
366
 
858
                                               
West 27th Place (7)
 
2011
 
Nov-12
 
University of Southern
  California
 
12
   
548
 
1,005
 
103.2%
 
103.2%
  1  
161
 
475
 
                                             
The Province - Rochester (7)
 
2010
 
Nov-12
 
Rochester Institute of
  Technology
 
12
   
656
 
798
 
99.0%
 
99.0%
  13  
336
 
816
                                               
5 Twenty Four and 5 Twenty
    Five Angliana (4) (7)
 
2009/
2012
 
Nov-12
 
University of Kentucky
 
12
   
569
 
631
 
82.5%
 
82.5%
  11  
376
 
1,060
                                               
The Province -Tampa (7)
 
 
2009
 
Nov-12
 
University of South Florida
 
12
   
561
 
659
 
88.4%
 
88.4%
  19  
287
 
947
 
 
22

 
 
Property
 
Year Built
 
Date
Acquired/
Developed
 
Primary University Served
 
Typical Lease Term (Mos)
  Year Ended December 31, 2012 Revenue  
Average Monthly Revenue/ Bed (1)
 
2012 Average Occupancy (2)
 
Occupancy as of 12/31/12
 
# of Buildings
 
# of Units
 
# of Beds
                                               
U Pointe Kennesaw (7)
 
2012
 
Nov-12
 
Kennesaw State University
 
12
  $
  459
 
$          653
 
83.1%
 
83.1%
  5  
216
 
795
                                               
The Cottages of Columbia (7)
 
2008
 
Nov-12
 
University of Missouri
 
12
   
310
 
557
 
98.2%
 
98.2%
  84  
145
 
513
                                               
Grindstone Canyon (7)
 
2003
 
Nov-12
 
University of Missouri
 
12
   
241
 
540
 
99.5%
 
99.5%
  8  
201
 
384
                                               
The Cottages of Durham (7)
 
2012
 
Nov-12
 
University of New Hampshire
 
12
   
441
 
684
 
99.2%
 
99.2%
  96  
141
 
619
                                               
The Province – Fairborn (7)
 
2009
 
Nov-12
 
Wright State University
 
12
   
318
 
555
 
84.8%
 
84.8%
  13  
200
 
657
                                               
The Cottages of Baton
  Rouge (7)
 
2011
 
Nov-12
 
Louisiana State University
 
12
   
923
 
663
 
97.7%
 
97.7%
  187  
382
 
1,290
                                               
U Club Cottages (7)
 
2011
 
Nov-12
 
Louisiana State University
 
12
   
219
 
677
 
99.4%
 
99.4%
  61  
105
 
308
                                               
The Lodges of East
  Lansing (7)
 
2011
 
 
Nov-12
 
Michigan State University
 
12
   
492
 
692
 
98.8%
 
98.8%
  6  
364
 
1,049
                                               
The Callaway House Austin & The Penthouse at Callaway (9)
 
2013
 
Aug-13
 
The University of Texas at
   Austin
 
12
   
66
 
n/a
 
n/a
 
n/a
  1  
219
 
753
                                               
Chestnut Square  - ACE (9)
 
2013
 
Sept-13
 
Drexel University
 
12
   
205
 
n/a
 
n/a
 
n/a
  1  
220
 
861
                                               
Townhomes at Overton Park (9)
 
2013
 
Aug-13
 
Texas Tech University
 
12
   
2
 
n/a
 
n/a
 
n/a
  16  
112
 
448
                                               
601 Copeland  (9)
 
2013
 
Aug-13
 
Florida State University
 
12
   
30
 
n/a
 
n/a
 
n/a
  2  
81
 
283
                                               
U Club on Woodward (10)   2013   Nov-11  
Florida State University
  12      349   341   26.2%  
n/a
  8   112   448
                                               
The Plaza on University (11)   2014   Aug-11   University of Central Florida   12     981   n/a   n/a   n/a   5   364   1,313
                                               
Subtotal – New Wholly-Owned Properties
           
62,940
 
629
 
92.8%
 
94.6%
 
963
 
11,380
 
34,250
                                       
Total – Wholly-Owned Properties
           
  449,657
 
543
 
96.7%
 
96.4%
 
2,125
 
29,502
 
92,561
                                               
ON-CAMPUS PARTICIPATING PROPERTIES
                                     
                                               
University Village –  PVAMU
 
1996/ 97/98
 
Aug-96
Aug-98
 
Prairie View A&M University
 
9
   
10,276
 
552
 
98.0%
 
94.5%
 
30
 
612
 
1,920
                                               
University College –
  PVAMU
 
2000/
2003
 
Aug-00
Aug-03
 
Prairie View A&M University
 
9
   
7,413
 
549
 
96.9%
 
99.0%
 
14
 
756
 
1,470
                                               
University Village –  TAMIU
 
1997
 
Aug-97
 
Texas A&M International
  University
 
9
   
1,469
 
553
 
97.6%
 
89.2%
 
4
 
84
 
250
                                               
Cullen Oaks
 
2001/
2005
 
Aug-01
Aug-05
 
The University of Houston
 
9
   
7,008
 
768
 
99.4%
 
99.7%
 
4
 
411
 
879
                                               
Total - On-Campus Participating  Properties
           
26,166
 
          594
 
81.7%
 
96.7%
 
52
 
1,863
 
4,519
                                               
Grand Total- All Properties
          $
 475,823
 
$          545
 
95.9%
 
95.7%
 
2,177
 
31,365
 
97,080
 
 
(1)
Average monthly revenue per bed is calculated based upon our base rental revenue earned during typical lease terms for the year ended December 31, 2012 divided by average occupied beds over the typical lease term.
 
(2)
Average occupancy is calculated based on the average number of occupied beds during typical lease terms for the year ended December 31, 2012 divided by total beds.  For on-campus participating properties, average occupancy is calculated based on the nine month academic year (excluding the summer months).
 
 
23

 
 
 
(3)
As rent at this property includes food services, revenue is not comparable to the other properties in this table.
 
(4)
University Club Townhomes, College Club Townhomes, Willowtree Apartments and Towers, and 5 Twenty Four and 5 Twenty Five Angliana each consist of two phases that are counted separately in the property portfolio numbers contained in Note 1 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.
 
(5)
University Village Tallahassee and Jacob Heights/The Summit each consist of 3 phases that are counted separately in the property portfolio numbers contained in Note 1 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8.
 
(6)
Our same store wholly-owned portfolio represents properties that were owned by us for the full year ended December 31, 2012.
 
(7)
These properties were acquired in 2012.  Average occupancy is calculated based on the period these properties were owned and operated by us in 2012.
 
(8)
These properties commenced operations in 2012.  Average occupancy is calculated based on the period these properties were operational during 2012.
 
(9)
These properties are currently under development with scheduled completion dates of August or September 2013.
 
(10)
Formerly Studio Green, this property was acquired in November 2011 and was operational during 2012 until redevelopment of this property commenced in June 2012, with a scheduled completion date of August 2013.
 
(11)
Formerly University Shoppes at Orlando, an existing retail center when it was acquired in August 2011, was operational during 2012 until redevelopment of this property commenced in November 2012, with a scheduled completion date of August 2014.
 
 
24

 
 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
 
We are subject to various claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings, including the matter discussed in Note 17 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, as well as other matters that have not been fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business.  While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.  However, the outcome of claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty.  Therefore, although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote, the ultimate results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty.
 
Item 4.  [Removed and Reserved]
 
PART II
 
Item 5.  Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
 
Market Information
 
The Company’s common stock has been listed and is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “ACC”.  The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices in dollars on the NYSE for our common stock and the distributions we declared with respect to the periods indicated.
 
   
High
   
Low
   
Distributions
Declared
 
Quarter ended March 31, 2011
  $ 33.84     $ 30.60     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended June 30, 2011
  $ 35.93     $ 32.09     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended September 30, 2011
  $ 41.09     $ 32.57     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended December 31, 2011
  $ 42.63     $ 35.28     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended March 31, 2012
  $ 44.88     $ 40.10     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended June 30, 2012
  $ 45.89     $ 42.19     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended September 30, 2012
  $ 48.10     $ 43.20     $ 0.3375  
Quarter ended December 31, 2012
  $ 47.13     $ 42.44     $ 0.3375  
 
Holders
 
As of February 17, 2013, there were approximately 31,300 holders of record of the Company’s common stock and 104,665,212 shares of common stock outstanding.
 
Distributions
 
We intend to continue to declare quarterly distributions on our common stock.  The actual amount, timing and form of payment of distributions, however, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial condition in addition to the requirements of the Code, and no assurance can be given as to the amounts, timing or form of payment of future distributions.  The payment of distributions is subject to restrictions under the Company’s corporate-level debt described in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 and discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 under Liquidity and Capital Resources.
 
See Part III, Item 12, for a description of securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.
 
 
25

 
 
Item 6.  Selected Financial Data
 
The following table sets forth selected financial and operating data on a consolidated historical basis for the Company.
 
The following data should be read in conjunction with the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7.
 
   
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
 
Statements of Operations Information:
                             
Revenues
  $ 491,290     $ 386,767     $ 326,110     $ 286,951     $ 218,424  
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    56,746       41,581       22,009       108       (9,221 )
Discontinued operations:
                                       
  Income (loss) attributable to discontinued
    operations
    771       1,585       (1,206 )     (3,210 )     (3,598 )
  Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    (1,591 )     -       -       -       -  
  Gain (loss) from disposition of real estate
    4,312       14,806       (3,705 )     (9,358 )     -  
Net income (loss)
    60,238       57,972       17,098       (12,460 )     (12,819 )
Net income attributable to noncontrolling
  interests
    (3,602 )     (1,343 )     (888 )     (380 )     (236 )
Net income (loss) attributable to common
  shareholders
    56,636       56,629       16,210       (12,840 )     (13,055 )
                                         
Per Share and Distribution Data:
                                       
Earnings per diluted share:
                                       
  Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 0.61     $ 0.57     $ 0.34     $ (0.03 )   $ (0.27 )
  Discontinued operations
    0.04       0.23       (0.08 )     (0.25 )     (0.09 )
  Net income (loss)
    0.65       0.80       0.26       (0.28 )     (0.36 )
Cash distributions declared per share / unit
    1.35       1.35       1.35       1.35       1.35  
Cash distributions declared
    117,592       93,813       76,579       64,492       50,563  
                                         
Balance Sheet Data:
                                       
Total assets
  $ 5,118,962     $ 3,008,582     $ 2,693,484     $ 2,234,981     $ 2,183,909  
Secured mortgage, construction and bond
  debt
    1,509,105       858,530       1,144,103       1,029,455       1,162,221  
Term loans and credit facilities
    712,000       589,000       201,000       194,000       114,700  
Capital lease obligations
    149       450       911       2,314       2,555  
Stockholders’ equity
    2,648,381       1,375,216       1,213,962       899,030       785,119  
                                         
Selected Owned Property Information:
                                       
   Owned properties
    160       116       104       85       86  
   Units
    31,854       22,947       20,820       17,008       17,212  
   Beds
    98,840       71,801       64,933       52,118       52,817  
   Occupancy as of December 31,
    95.7 %     97.8 %     98.0 %     96.2 %     92.4 %
                                         
   Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 203,038     $ 131,033     $ 115,949     $ 80,443     $ 36,395  
   Net cash used in investing activities
    (1,479,815 )     (440,298 )     (244,492 )     (123,528 )     (435,275 )
   Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,275,832       218,157       175,957       83,578       412,407  
                                         
Funds From Operations (“FFO”) (1) (2):
                                       
   Net income (loss) attributable to common
     shareholders
  $ 56,636     $ 56,629     $ 16,210     $ (12,840 )   $ (13,055 )
   Noncontrolling interests
    1,205       1,343       888       380       236  
   (Gain) loss from disposition of real estate
    (4,312 )     (14,806 )     3,705       9,358       -  
   Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures
    (444 )     641       2,023       2,073       1,619  
   FFO from unconsolidated joint ventures
    429       (576 )     (1,195 )     246       (487 )
   Real estate related depreciation and
     amortization
     114,841       87,951       75,667       75,814       56,459  
   Elimination of provision for asset
     impairment (3)
    -       1,105       5,450       464       -  
   Funds from operations
  $ 168,355     $ 132,287     $ 102,748     $ 75,495     $ 44,772  
 
 
26

 
 
(1)
As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts or NAREIT, funds from operations or FFO represents income (loss) before allocation to minority interests (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of loan origination costs) and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting their results. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income.
 
(2)
We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for management’s discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments and uncertainties. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance or to cash flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay distributions.
 
(3)
In October 2011, NAREIT issued guidance directing member companies to exclude impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate from the calculation of FFO.  Previously, we had included such charges in the calculation of FFO.  In order to conform to the current NAREIT guidance, we have revised the calculation of FFO for all periods presented to exclude such impairment charges. 
 
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Our Company and Our Business
 
Overview
 
We are one of the largest owners, managers and developers of high quality student housing properties in the United States in terms of beds owned and under management.  We are a fully integrated, self-managed and self-administered equity REIT with expertise in the acquisition, design, financing, development, construction management, leasing and management of student housing properties.  Refer to Item 1 contained herein for additional information regarding our business objectives, investment strategies, and operating segments.
 
Property Portfolio
 
As of December 31, 2012, our property portfolio contained 160 properties with approximately 98,800 beds in approximately 31,800 apartment units.  Our property portfolio consisted of 143 owned off-campus student housing properties that are in close proximity to colleges and universities, 13 ACE properties operated under ground/facility leases with six university systems and four on-campus participating properties operated under ground/facility leases with the related university systems.  Of the 160 properties, nine were under development as well as an additional phase under development at an existing property as of December 31, 2012, and when completed will consist of a total of approximately 6,200 beds in approximately 1,700 units.  Our communities contain modern housing units and are supported by a resident assistant system and other student-oriented programming, with many offering resort-style amenities.
 
We believe that the ownership and operation of student housing communities in close proximity to selected colleges and universities presents an attractive long-term investment opportunity for our investors.  We intend to continue to execute our strategy of identifying existing differentiated, typically highly amenitized, student housing communities or development opportunities in close proximity to university campuses with high barriers to entry which are projected to experience substantial increases in enrollment and/or are under-serviced in terms of existing on and/or off-campus student housing.
 
 
27

 
 
Third-Party Development and Management Services
 
We provide development and construction management services for student housing properties owned by universities, 501(c) 3 foundations and others.  Our clients have included some of the nation’s most prominent systems of higher education.  We develop student housing properties for these clients and we are sometimes retained to manage these properties following their opening.  As of December 31, 2012, we were under contract on three third-party development projects that are currently in progress and whose fees range from $2.3 million to $3.2 million.  As of December 31, 2012, fees of approximately $3.5 million remained to be earned by us with respect to these projects, which have scheduled completion dates of August 2013 through August 2014.
 
As of December 31, 2012, we also provided third-party management and leasing services for 27 properties that represented approximately 22,500 beds in approximately 9,100 units. Our third-party management and leasing services are typically provided pursuant to management contracts that have initial terms that range from one to five years.
 
While fee revenue from our third-party development, construction management and property management services allows us to develop strong and key relationships with colleges and universities, this area has over time become a smaller portion of our operations due to the continued focus on and growth of our wholly-owned property portfolio.  Nevertheless, we believe these services continue to provide synergies with respect to our ability to identify, close, and successfully operate student housing properties.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that affect amounts reported in our consolidated and combined financial statements and related notes. In preparing these financial statements, management has utilized all available information, including its past history, industry standards and the current economic environment, among other factors, in forming its estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the consolidated financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. It is possible that the ultimate outcome anticipated by management in formulating its estimates may not be realized. Application of the critical accounting policies below involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. In addition, other companies in similar businesses may utilize different estimation policies and methodologies, which may impact the comparability of our results of operations and financial condition to those companies.
 
Revenue and Cost Recognition of Third-Party Development and Management Services
 
Development revenues are generally recognized based on a proportional performance method based on contract deliverables, while construction revenues are recognized using the percentage of completion method, as determined by construction costs incurred relative to total estimated construction costs.  For projects where our fee is based on a fixed price, any cost overruns incurred during construction, as compared to the original budget, will reduce the net fee generated on those projects.  Incentive fees are generally recognized when the project is complete and performance has been agreed upon by all parties, or when performance has been verified by an independent third-party.
 
We also evaluate the collectability of fee income and expense reimbursements generated through the provision of development and construction management services based upon the individual facts and circumstances, including the contractual right to receive such amounts in accordance with the terms of the various projects, and reserve any amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible.
 
Pre-development expenditures such as architectural fees, permits and deposits associated with the pursuit of third-party and owned development projects are expensed as incurred, until such time that management believes it is probable that the contract will be executed and/or construction will commence.  Because we frequently incur these pre-development expenditures before a financing commitment and/or required permits and authorizations have been obtained, we bear the risk of loss of these pre-development expenditures if financing cannot ultimately be arranged on acceptable terms or we are unable to successfully obtain the required permits and authorizations.  As such, management evaluates the status of third-party and owned projects that have not yet commenced construction on a periodic basis and expenses any deferred costs related to projects whose current status indicates the commencement of construction is unlikely and/or the costs may not provide future value to us in the form of revenues.  Such write-offs are included in third-party development and management services expenses (in the case of third-party development projects) or general and administrative expenses (in the case of owned development projects) on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
 
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Third-party management fees are generally received and recognized on a monthly basis and are computed as a percentage of property receipts, revenues or a fixed monthly amount, in accordance with the applicable management contract. Incentive management fees are recognized when the contractual criteria have been met.
 
Student Housing Rental Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable
 
Student housing rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Ancillary and other property related income is recognized in the period earned.  In estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable, we analyze the aging of resident receivables, historical bad debts, and current economic trends. These estimates have a direct impact on our net income, as an increase in our allowance for doubtful accounts reduces our net income.
 
Allocation of Fair Value to Acquired Properties
 
The price that we pay to acquire a property is impacted by many factors, including the condition of the buildings and improvements, the occupancy of the building, favorable or unfavorable financing, and numerous other factors. Accordingly, we are required to make subjective assessments to allocate the purchase price paid to acquire investments in real estate among the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on our estimate of the fair values of such assets and liabilities. This includes, among other items, determining the value of the buildings and improvements, land, in-place tenant leases, and any debt assumed from the seller. Each of these estimates requires a great deal of judgment and some of the estimates involve complex calculations. Our calculation methodology is summarized in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8. These allocation assessments have a direct impact on our results of operations because if we were to allocate more value to land there would be no depreciation with respect to such amount or if we were to allocate more value to the buildings as opposed to allocating to the value of in-place tenant leases, this amount would be recognized as an expense over a much longer period of time, since the amounts allocated to buildings are depreciated over the estimated lives of the buildings whereas amounts allocated to in-place tenant leases are amortized over the terms of the leases (generally less than one year).
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
On a periodic basis, management is required to assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our real estate properties may be impaired. A property’s value is considered impaired if management’s estimate of the aggregate future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the property are less than the carrying value of the property. These estimates of cash flows consider factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the property over the fair value of the property, thereby reducing our net income.
 
 
Capital Expenditures
 
We distinguish between capital expenditures necessary for the ongoing operations of our properties and acquisition-related improvements incurred within one to two years of acquisition of the related property.  (Acquisition-related improvements are expenditures that have been identified at the time the property is acquired, and which we intended to incur in order to position the property to be consistent with our physical standards). We capitalize non-recurring expenditures for additions and betterments to buildings and land improvements.  In addition, we generally capitalize expenditures for exterior painting, roofing, and other major maintenance projects that substantially extend the useful life of the existing assets.  The cost of ordinary repairs and maintenance that do not improve the value of an asset or extend its useful life are charged to expense when incurred.  Planned major repair, maintenance and improvement projects are capitalized when performed. In some circumstances, lenders require us to maintain a reserve account for future repairs and capital expenditures. These amounts are classified as restricted cash on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as the funds are not available to us for current use.
 
For our properties under development, capitalized interest is generally based on the weighted average interest rate of our total debt.  Upon substantial completion of the properties, cost capitalization ceases.  The total capitalized development costs are then transferred to the applicable asset category and depreciation commences.  These estimates used by management require judgment, and accordingly we believe cost capitalization to be a critical accounting estimate.
 
 
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Results of Operations
 
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011
 
The following table presents our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, including the amount and percentage change in these results between the two periods.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
             
   
2012
   
2011
   
Change ($)
   
Change (%)
 
Revenues:
                       
  Wholly-owned properties
  $ 448,052     $ 345,411     $ 102,641       29.7 %
  On-campus participating properties
    26,166       25,252       914       3.6 %
  Third-party development services
    8,574       7,497       1,077       14.4 %
  Third-party management services
    6,893       7,254       (361 )     (5.0 %)
  Resident services
    1,605       1,353       252       18.6 %
Total revenues
    491,290       386,767        104,523       27.0 %
                                 
Operating expenses:
                               
  Wholly-owned properties
    210,307       163,857       46,450       28.3 %
  On-campus participating properties
    11,073       10,180       893       8.8 %
  Third-party development and management
    services
    10,898       11,368       (470 )     (4.1 %)
  General and administrative
    22,965       12,752       10,213       80.1 %
  Depreciation and amortization
    115,884       86,229       29,655       34.4 %
  Ground/facility leases
    4,248       3,608       640       17.7 %
Total operating expenses
    375,375       287,994       87,381       30.3 %
                                 
Operating income
    115,915       98,773       17,142       17.4 %
                                 
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
                               
  Interest income
    1,760       582       1,178       202.4 %
  Interest expense
    (56,577 )     (51,593 )     (4,984 )     9.7 %
  Amortization of deferred financing costs
    (4,482 )     (5,107 )     625       (12.2 %)
  Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures
    444       (641 )     1,085       (169.3 %)
  Other nonoperating income
    411        -       411       100.0 %
Total nonoperating expenses
    (58,444 )     (56,759 )     (1,685 )      3.0 %
                                 
Income before income taxes and discontinued
  operations
    57,471       42,014       15,457       36.8 %
Income tax provision
    (725 )     (433 )     (292 )     67.4 %
Income from continuing operations
    56,746       41,581       15,165       36.5 %
                                 
Discontinued operations:
                               
  Income attributable to discontinued operations
    771       1,585       (814 )     (51.4 %)
  Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    (1,591 )     -       (1,591 )     100.0 %
  Gain from disposition of real estate
    4,312       14,806       (10,494 )     (70.9 %)
Total discontinued operations
    3,492       16,391       (12,899 )     (78.7 %)
                                 
Net income
    60,238       57,972       2,266       3.9 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling   interests
    (3,602 )     (1,343 )     (2,259 )     168.2 %
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 56,636     $ 56,629     $ 7       0.0 %
 
Same Store and New Property Operations
 
We define our same store property portfolio as wholly-owned properties that were owned and/or operating for both of the entire periods being compared, and which are not conducting or planning to conduct substantial development or redevelopment activities or are classified as Held for Sale in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 
Same store revenues are defined as revenues generated from our same store portfolio and consist of rental revenue earned from student leases as well as other income items such as utility income, damages, parking income, summer conference rent, application and administration fees, income from retail tenants, and income earned by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) from ancillary activities such as the provision of food services.
 
 
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Same store operating expenses are defined as operating expenses generated from our same store portfolio and include usual and customary expenses incurred to operate a property such as payroll, maintenance, utilities, marketing, general and administrative costs, insurance, property taxes, and bad debt.  Same store operating expenses also include an allocation of payroll and other administrative costs related to corporate management and oversight.
 
   
Same Store Properties
   
New Properties (1)
   
Total - All Properties (1)
 
   
Year Ended
December 31,
   
Year Ended
December 31,
   
Year Ended
December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
   
2012
   
2011
 
Number of properties
    88       88       59       8       147       96  
Number of beds
    52,632       52,632       35,457       5,679       88,089       58,311  
                                                 
Revenues (2)
  $ 344,447     $ 335,465     $ 105,210     $ 11,299     $ 449,657     $ 346,764  
Operating expenses
    159,986       157,084       50,321       6,773       210,307       163,857  
 
(1)
Does not include properties under construction as of December 31, 2012.  Number of properties and number of beds also excludes properties undergoing redevelopment as of December 31, 2012, although the results of operations of those properties are included in revenues and operating expenses prior to commencement of redevelopment activities.
 
(2)
Includes revenues which are reflected as resident services revenue on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
Same Store Properties.  The increase in revenue from our same store properties was primarily due to an increase in average rental rates for the 2011/2012 and  2012/2013 academic years, offset by a slight decrease in average occupancy from ­­­96.9% during the year ended December 31, 2011 to 96.5% during the year ended December 31, 2012.  Future revenues will be dependent on our ability to maintain our current leases in effect for the 2012/2013 academic year and our ability to obtain appropriate rental rates and desired occupancy for the 2013/2014 academic year at our various properties during our leasing period, which typically begins in January and ends in August.
 
The increase in operating expenses for our same store properties was primarily due to inflationary increases in payroll and maintenance costs offset by a decrease in property taxes.  We anticipate that operating expenses for our same store property portfolio for 2013 will increase slightly as compared with 2012 as a result of general inflation.
 
New Property Operations.  Our new properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 consist of the following: (i) Campus Trails, a property that experienced significant property damage in April 2010 as a result of a fire in which 72 beds were destroyed and reopened for occupancy in August 2011; (ii) four owned development projects that opened for occupancy in August 2011; (iii) The Plaza on University (formerly referred to as University Shoppes – Orlando), acquired in July 2011 and currently undergoing redevelopment; (iv) Eagles Trail, acquired in September 2011, (v) U Club Townhomes on Woodward (formerly referred to as Studio Green), acquired in November 2011 and currently being redeveloped into a 448-bed townhome community scheduled to open for occupancy in August 2013; (vi) 26 West and The Varsity, both acquired in December 2011, (vii) University Heights- Knoxville, acquired from Fund II in January 2012, (viii) Avalon Heights, acquired in May 2012, (ix) University Commons, acquired in June 2012, (x) The Block, acquired in August 2012, (xi) The Retreat, acquired in September 2012, (xii) 11 owned development projects that opened for occupancy in August and September 2012 (xiii) a 15-property student housing portfolio acquired in September 2012, (xiv) a 19-property student housing portfolio acquired in November 2012, and (xv) University Edge, a property previously subject to a pre-sale agreement that we acquired in December 2012.
 
On-Campus Participating Properties (“OCPP”) Operations
 
We had four participating properties containing 4,519 beds which were operating during both years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.  Revenues from our participating properties increased to $26.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 from $25.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $0.9 million.  This increase was primarily a result of an increase in average rental rates for the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 academic years, offset by a slight decrease in average occupancy from 78.3% for the year ended December 31, 2011 to 77.6% for the year ended December 31, 2012.
 
 
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At these properties, operating expenses increased from $10.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 to $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, an increase of $0.9 million.  This increase was primarily due to a utility refund of approximately $0.7 million received at one of the properties during the prior year.  We anticipate that operating expenses in 2013 will increase slightly as compared with 2012 as a result of general inflation.               
 
Third-Party Development Services Revenue
 
Third-party development services revenue increased by approximately $1.1 million, from $7.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This increase was primarily due to the closing of financing and commencement of construction for the Southern Oregon University and College of Staten Island projects and the commencement of construction on the Lakeside Graduate Community at Princeton University during the year ended December 31, 2012.  These new projects contributed an additional $4.6 million of revenue during that period.  In addition, we recognized approximately $0.8 million of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2012 related to our participation in cost savings on the Northern Illinois University and Illinois State University projects.  These increases were offset by the closing of bond financing and commencement of construction for the Illinois State and Northern Illinois University projects during the year ended December 31, 2011, which contributed an additional $2.5 million of revenue during that period.  In addition, revenues of approximately $1.3 million were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2011 for the Edinboro Phase II and Cleveland State University Phase II projects, both of which completed construction and opened for occupancy in August 2011.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we had seven projects in progress with an average contractual fee of approximately $2.4 million, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011 in which we had six projects in progress with an average contractual fee of approximately $2.2 million.  We anticipate that third-party development services revenue in 2013 will decrease significantly as compared to 2012 as a result of fewer currently outstanding awarded projects in this business segment.
 
Development services revenues are dependent on our ability to successfully be awarded such projects, the amount of the contractual fee related to the project and the timing and completion of the development and construction of the project.  In addition, to the extent projects are completed under budget, we may be entitled to a portion of such savings, which are recognized as revenue when performance has been agreed upon by all parties, or when performance has been verified by an independent third-party.  It is possible that projects for which we have deferred pre-development costs will not close and that we will not be reimbursed for such costs.  The pre-development costs associated therewith will ordinarily be charged against income for the then-current period.
 
Third-Party Management Services Revenue
 
Third-party management services revenue decreased by approximately $0.4 million, from $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This decrease was primarily a result of the discontinuation of a management contract during the prior year, for which we recognized a $0.3 million termination fee.  We anticipate that revenue earned in 2013 from newly awarded management contracts will be offset by the discontinuance of other existing management contracts, resulting in 2013 third-party management revenue that is consistent with 2012 levels.
 
Third-Party Development and Management Services Expenses
 
Third party development and management services expenses decreased by approximately $0.5 million, from $11.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This decrease was primarily a result of the growth in our wholly-owned property portfolio, as well as a lower number of newly awarded contracts in this business segment during 2012 as compared to the prior year.  We anticipate that third-party development and management services expenses will continue to decrease in 2013 for these same reasons.
 
General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expenses increased by approximately $10.2 million, from $12.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $23.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This increase was primarily a result of $7.4 million of acquisition-related costs such as broker fees, due diligence costs and legal and accounting fees incurred in 2012 in connection with our purchase of the Campus Acquisitions Portfolio in September 2012 and the Kayne Anderson Portfolio in November 2012.  The remaining increase is a result of additional salary and benefits expense, public company costs and other general inflationary factors experienced during 2012. We anticipate that general and administrative expenses will decrease in 2013 as compared to 2012, primarily due to acquisition costs incurred in 2012 that are not expected to be incurred in 2013.
 
 
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Depreciation and Amortization
 
Depreciation and amortization increased by approximately $29.7 million, from $86.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $115.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This increase was a result of the following items: (i) additional depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $22.4 million recorded during the year ended December 31, 2012 related to properties acquired during 2011 and 2012, (ii) the completion of construction and opening of 11 owned development properties in August and September 2012, which contributed an additional $6.6 million of depreciation expense during 2012, and (iii) the completion of construction and opening of four owned development properties in August 2011, which contributed an additional $2.5 million of depreciation expense during 2012.  These increases were offset by a decrease in the amortization of in-place leases of approximately $3.0 million related to 14 properties purchased from joint ventures with Fidelity in 2010.  The value assigned to in-place leases upon acquisition of these properties was fully amortized by the end of 2011.  We expect depreciation and amortization expense to increase significantly in 2013 as a result of 2012 property acquisitions and the completion of seven owned development projects in August and September 2013.
 
Ground/Facility Leases
 
Ground/facility leases expense increased by approximately $0.6 million, from $3.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This increase was primarily due to the completion of construction and commencement of operations of six ACE development projects during 2012.  We anticipate ground/facility leases expense to increase in 2013 as compared to 2012 due to the planned completion of construction on three ACE development projects in August and September 2013 and the timing of ACE development projects placed into service during 2012.
 
Interest Income
 
Interest income increased by approximately $1.2 million, from $0.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $1.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2012.  This increase was primarily due to interest earned on a loan made to the noncontrolling partner in a joint venture that owns The Varsity, a property purchased in December 2011.  Interest income may decrease in 2013 as compared to 2012 due to the potential payoff of the loan made to the noncontrolling partner in The Varsity during 2013 (see Note 5 for more details).
 
Interest Expense
 
Interest expense increased by approximately $5.0 million, from $51.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $56.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  We experienced an increase in interest expense of approximately $6.7 million on our corporate-level debt related to an additional borrowing of $150 million in January 2012 under our unsecured term loan, as well as increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility.  We also incurred additional interest expense of approximately $4.1 million during 2012 related to loans assumed in connection with 2012 property acquisitions.  Lastly, we incurred additional interest expense of approximately $0.7 million during 2012 from construction loans used to partially finance the construction of three owned development projects which opened for occupancy in August and September 2012.  These increases were offset by a decrease of approximately $3.8 million during 2012 as compared to the prior year as a result of mortgage and construction loans paid off during 2011 and 2012.  In addition, interest expense decreased as a result of an increase in capitalized interest of approximately $2.0 million during 2012 as compared to the prior year due to the timing and volume of construction activities on our owned development projects during the respective periods.  We anticipate that interest expense will increase in 2013 as compared to 2012 as a result of an anticipated bond offering during 2013, as well as a full year of interest expense incurred on the loans assumed in connection with the 2012 property acquisitions.  These anticipated increases will be offset by a decrease in interest expense related to the payoff of mortgage debt in 2012 and loans that are scheduled to mature in 2013.
 
Amortization of Deferred Financing Costs
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs decreased approximately $0.6 million, from $5.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 to $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This decrease was primarily a result of mortgage and construction debt paid off during 2011 and 2012.  We anticipate that amortization of deferred financing costs will increase in 2013 as compared to 2012 as a result of loans assumed in connection with 2012 property acquisitions.
 
Income (Loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
We reported income from unconsolidated joint ventures of approximately $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, as compared to a loss from unconsolidated joint ventures of approximately $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This variance was due to our share of a gain on debt restructuring recorded by Fund II during 2012.  Immediately prior to our acquisition of University Heights- Knoxville from Fund II in January 2012, Fund II negotiated a Settlement Agreement with the lender of the property’s mortgage loan whereby the lender agreed to accept a discounted amount that was less than the original principal amount of the loan as payment in full.  Accordingly, Fund II recorded a gain on debt restructuring of $4.2 million, of which our 10% share was $0.4 million.
 
 
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Other Nonoperating Income
 
Other nonoperating income of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily related to a gain recognized upon the purchase of University Edge in December 2012, a property previously subject to a pre-sale / mezzanine investment agreement.  The company had been including the property in its consolidated financial statements from the time the pre-sale / mezzanine investment agreements were entered into, as a result of applying accounting guidance related to variable interest entities.  The property completed construction in August 2012 and we closed on the purchase of the property in December 2012.  The gain recorded upon the property’s purchase primarily relates to interest income earned on our mezzanine investment during the construction period.
 
Income Tax Provision

The Company’s provision for income taxes increased by approximately $0.3 million, from $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.  This increase relates to our increased presence in Texas as a result of our recent acquisition activity and subsequent increase in Texas Franchise taxes due.  We expect our income tax liability to increase in 2013 for the same reason discussed above.
 
Discontinued Operations
 
Discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income includes the following wholly-owned properties: (i) Brookstone Village and Campus Walk, wholly-owned properties sold in December 2012 for a combined sales price of $26.6 million, (ii) Pirates Cove, sold in April 2012 for a sales price of $27.5 million, (iii) Campus Club – Statesboro, sold in May 2011 for a sales price of $34.5 million; (iv) Villas on Apache, sold in April 2011 for a sales price of $14.8 million, (v) River Club Apartments, sold in April 2011 for a sales price of $23.0 million; and (vi) River Walk Townhomes, sold in April 2011 for a sales price of $9.7 million.  Refer to Note 6 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 for a table summarizing the results of operations of the properties classified within discontinued operations.
 
 
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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010
 
The following table presents our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, including the amount and percentage change in these results between the two periods.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
             
   
2011
   
2010
   
Change($)
   
Change(%)
 
Revenues:
                       
  Wholly-owned properties
  $ 345,411     $ 282,866     $ 62,545       22.1 %
  On-campus participating properties
    25,252       23,975       1,277       5.3 %
  Third-party development services
    7,497       9,302       (1,805 )     (19.4 %)
  Third-party management services
    7,254       8,670       (1,416 )     (16.3 %)
  Resident services
    1,353       1,297       56       4.3 %
Total revenues
    386,767       326,110       60,657       18.6 %
                                 
Operating expenses:
                               
  Wholly-owned properties
    163,857       133,216       30,641       23.0 %
  On-campus participating properties
    10,180       10,492       (312 )     (3.0 %)
  Third-party development and management services
    11,368       12,781       (1,413 )     (11.1 %)
  General and administrative
    12,752       11,561       1,191       10.3 %
  Depreciation and amortization
    86,229       72,444       13,785       19.0 %
  Ground/facility leases
    3,608       2,944       664       22.6 %
Total operating expenses
     287,994        243,438       44,556        18.3 %
                                 
Operating income
    98,773       82,672       16,101       19.5 %
                                 
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
                               
  Interest income
    582       186       396       212.9 %
  Interest expense
    (51,593 )     (59,523 )     7,930       (13.3 %)
  Amortization of deferred financing costs
    (5,107 )     (4,423 )     (684 )     15.5 %
  Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures
    (641 )     (2,023 )     1,382       (68.3 %)
  Other nonoperating income
    -       5,690       (5,690 )     (100 %)
Total nonoperating expenses
    (56,759 )     (60,093 )     3,334       (5.5 %)
                                 
Income before income taxes and discontinued operations
    42,014       22,579       19,435       86.1 %
Income tax provision
    (433 )     (570 )     137       (24.0 %)
Income from continuing operations
    41,581       22,009       19,572       88.9 %
                                 
Discontinued operations:
                               
  Income (loss) attributable to discontinued operations
    1,585       (1,206 )     2,791       (231.4 %)
  Gain (loss) from disposition of real estate
    14,806       (3,705 )     18,511       (499.6 %)
 Total discontinued operations
    16,391       (4,911 )     21,302       (433.8 %)
                                 
Net income
     57,972        17,098       40,874       239.1 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (1,343 )     (888 )     (455 )     51.2 %
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 56,629     $ 16,210     $ 40,419        249.3 %
 
Same Store and New Property Operations
 
A reconciliation of our same store and new property operations to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income is set forth below.  The results below include the results of Brookstone Village and Campus Walk, which were sold in October 2012 and are reflected within discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  These two properties had revenues of $3.6 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and operating expenses of $1.7 million for both of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
 
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Same Store Properties
   
New Properties (1)
   
Total - All Properties (1)
 
   
Year Ended
December 31,
   
Year Ended
December 31,
   
Year Ended
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
Number of properties
    73       73       27       18       100       91  
Number of beds
    42,743       42,743       16,780       10,897       59,523       53,640  
                                                 
Revenues (2)
  $ 277,034     $ 266,946     $ 73,280     $ 20,383     $ 350,314     $ 287,329  
Operating expenses
    127,173       124,321       38,374       10,528       165,547       134,849  
 
(1)
Does not include properties under construction as of December 31, 2011.
 
(2)
Includes revenues which are reflected as resident services revenue on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
Same Store Properties.  The increase in revenue from our same store properties was primarily due to an increase in average rental rates for the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 academic years, as well as an increase in average occupancy from 95.7% during the year ended December 31, 2010 to 96.7% during the year ended December 31, 2011.  The increase in operating expenses for our same store properties was primarily due to increased utility, maintenance, and payroll costs incurred during 2011 as compared to 2010, offset by a decrease in property tax expense during 2011 due to the successful resolution of property tax appeals for certain of our same store properties for tax years ranging from 2009 to 2011.
 
New Properties.  Our new properties for the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of the following: (i) University Heights, acquired in March 2010; (ii) the 14-property Fidelity Portfolio, acquired in September and November 2010; (iii) 2nd Avenue Centre, acquired in December 2010; (iv) Sanctuary Lofts, acquired in July 2010; (v) Campus Trails, a property that experienced significant property damage in April 2010 as a result of a fire in which 72 beds were destroyed and reopened for occupancy in August 2011; (vi) four owned development projects that opened for occupancy in August 2011; (vii) University Shoppes - Orlando, acquired in July 2011; (viii) Eagles Trail, acquired in September 2011, (ix) Studio Green, acquired in November 2011; and (x) 26 West and The Varsity, both acquired in December 2011.
 
On-Campus Participating Properties (“OCPP”) Operations
 
We had four participating properties containing 4,519 beds which were operating during both years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.  Revenues from our participating properties increased to $25.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 from $24.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, an increase of $1.3 million.  This increase was primarily a result of an increase in average rental rates during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the prior year, as well as an increase in average occupancy from 76.9% for the year ended December 31, 2010 to 78.3% for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
At these properties, operating expenses decreased from $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, a decrease of $0.3 million.  This decrease was primarily due to a utility refund of approximately $0.7 million received at one of the properties in 2011, offset by general inflationary increases.   
 
Third-Party Development Services Revenue
 
Third-party development services revenue decreased by approximately $1.8 million, from $9.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This decrease was primarily due to $6.1 million of revenue earned during the year ended December 31, 2010 from our University of California – Irvine Phase III project, which completed construction and opened for occupancy in August 2010.  $4.7 million of the revenue earned in 2010 related to our participation in cost savings on the project.  In addition, lower fees were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the prior year for our Edinboro Phase II project, which completed construction and opened for occupancy in August 2011.  These decreases were offset by the closing of bond financing and commencement of construction on our Illinois State University, Northern Illinois University and University of Wyoming projects during the year ended December 31, 2011, which in total contributed an additional $5.5 million to third-party development services revenue during the period.  During the year ended December 31, 2011, we had six projects in progress with an average contractual fee of approximately $2.2 million, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2010 in which we had four projects in progress with an average contractual fee of approximately $4.0 million.
 
 
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Third-Party Management Services Revenue
 
Third-party management services revenue decreased by approximately $1.4 million, from $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  We experienced a decrease in management services revenue of approximately $1.3 million during year ended December 31, 2011 as a result of our acquisition of the Fidelity Portfolio.
 
Third-Party Development and Management Services Expenses
 
Third-party development and management services expenses decreased by approximately $1.4 million, from $12.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This decrease was primarily a result of less activity in our management services segment due to our acquisition of the Fidelity Portfolio.
 
General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expenses increased by approximately $1.2 million, from $11.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This increase was primarily a result of additional salary and benefits expense, public company costs and other general inflationary factors during the year ended December 31, 2011, offset by $1.0 million of acquisition-related costs such as broker fees, due diligence costs and legal and accounting fees incurred during the year ended December 31, 2010, related to the purchase of the Fidelity Portfolio.
 
Depreciation and Amortization
 
Depreciation and amortization increased by approximately $13.8 million, from $72.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $86.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This increase was primarily due to the following items: (i) additional depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $8.8 million recorded during the year ended December 31, 2011 related to our acquisition of the 14-property Fidelity Portfolio, (ii) additional depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $3.0 million recorded during the year ended December 31, 2011 related to the acquisition of eight other properties during 2010 and 2011; and (iii) the completion of construction and opening of four owned developments in August 2011, which contributed an additional $1.8 million of depreciation expense.
 
Ground/Facility Leases
 
Ground/facility leases expense increased by approximately $0.7 million, from $2.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This increase was primarily due to a utility refund of approximately $0.7 million received in 2011 at one of our on-campus participating properties, which increased the University’s share of the cash flow available for distribution.
 
Interest Income
 
Interest income increased by approximately $0.4 million, from $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  In 2011, we entered into two option agreements to purchase two properties that completed construction and opened for occupancy in August 2012.  As part of the option agreements, we provided mezzanine financing to the developers, for which we earned interest at a rate of 10% per annum.
 
Interest Expense
 
Interest expense decreased by approximately $7.9 million, from $59.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $51.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  We experienced a decrease in interest expense of approximately $6.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the prior year as a result of mortgage and construction loans paid off during 2010 and 2011.  In addition, interest expense decreased as a result of an increase in capitalized interest of approximately $5.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the prior year due to the timing and volume of construction activities on our owned development projects during the respective periods.  These decreases were offset by additional interest of approximately $2.4 million incurred during the year ended December 31, 2011 related to loans assumed in connection with our acquisition of the 14-property Fidelity Portfolio.  We also incurred $2.6 million of additional interest expense on our corporate-level debt related to our $200 million unsecured term loan, which was used to repay the maturing $100 million senior secured term loan in May 2011, and increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility to partially fund property acquisitions in 2011.
 
 
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Amortization of Deferred Financing Costs
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs increased approximately $0.7 million, from $4.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This increase was primarily due to an additional $0.7 million of finance cost amortization recorded during the year ended December 31, 2011 in connection with finance costs paid upon the assumption of debt from our acquisition of the 14-property Fidelity Portfolio.  In addition, $0.2 million of finance cost amortization was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2011 associated with finance costs incurred in connection with our $650 million credit facility entered into in May 2011.  These increases were offset by a decrease in finance cost amortization of $0.2 million as a result of mortgage debt paid off during 2010 and 2011.
 
Loss from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
Loss from unconsolidated joint ventures decreased approximately $1.4 million from $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2010 to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  This decrease was due to the following items: (i) a $0.9 million decrease in our share of the loss from the joint ventures with Fidelity as a result of our purchase of the full ownership interests in the Fidelity Portfolio in September and November 2010, and (ii) a $0.5 million decrease in our share of the loss from the Hampton Roads military housing joint venture as a result of us discontinuing the application of the equity method for our investment in this joint venture.
 
Other Nonoperating Income
 
Other nonoperating income of $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 represents the following items: (i) a $4.1 million gain recorded to remeasure our equity method investments in two joint ventures with Fidelity, in which we held a 10% interest, to fair value immediately prior to our acquisitions in September and November 2010 of the remaining 90% interest in 14 properties owned by the joint ventures; and (ii) a gain on insurance settlement of $1.6 million related to a fire that occurred at one of our owned off-campus properties in April 2010.  The gain represents insurance proceeds received in excess of the book value of the property written off as a result of the fire damage.
 
Discontinued Operations
 
Discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income includes the following wholly-owned properties: (i) Brookstone Village and Campus Walk, sold in December 2012 for a combined sales price of $26.6 million, (ii) Pirates Cove, sold in April 2012 for a sales price of $27.5 million, (iii) Campus Club – Statesboro, sold in May 2011 for a sales price of $34.5 million, (iv) Villas on Apache, sold in April 2011 for a sales price of $14.8 million, (v) River Club Apartments, sold in April 2011 for a sales price of $23.0 million, (vi) River Walk Townhomes, sold in April 2011 for a sales price of $9.7 million, (vii) Campus Walk – Oxford, sold in April 2010 for a sales price of $9.2 million, and (viii) Cambridge at Southern, sold in March 2010 for a sales price of $19.5 million.  Refer to Note 6 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 for a table summarizing the results of operations of the properties classified within discontinued operations.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Cash Balances and Cash Flows
 
As of December 31, 2012, excluding our on-campus participating properties, we had $46.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as compared to $37.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2011.  Restricted cash primarily consists of escrow accounts held by lenders and resident security deposits, as required by law in certain states, and funds held in escrow in connection with potential acquisition and development opportunities.  The following discussion relates to changes in cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows included in Item 8.
 
Operating Activities: For the year ended December 31, 2012, net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $203.0 million, as compared to approximately $131.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, an increase of $72.0 million.  This increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to operating cash flows provided from the timing of the acquisition of five properties in 2011 and 40 properties in 2012, the completion of construction and opening of four owned development projects in August 2011 and 11 owned development projects in August and September 2012, and improved operations at our same store wholly-owned properties.
 
 
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Investing Activities: Investing activities utilized approximately $1,479.8 million and $440.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The $1,039.5 million increase in cash utilized in investing activities was primarily a result of the following: (i) an $896.4 million increase in cash paid to acquire properties and undeveloped land as we acquired 40 properties during the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to five properties for the year ended December 31, 2011; (ii) a $141.6 million increase in cash used to fund the construction of our wholly-owned development properties, as 19 wholly-owned properties were under construction during the year ended December 31, 2012, of which 11 completed construction in August and September 2012, as compared to 15 wholly-owned properties that were under construction during the year ended December 31, 2011, of which four completed construction in August 2011; and (iii) a $37.0 million decrease in net proceeds received from the disposition of real estate, as four unencumbered wholly-owned properties were sold during the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to one unencumbered and two encumbered wholly-owned properties during the year ended December 31, 2012.  These increases in cash utilized in investing activities were primarily offset by the following: (i) a $5.1 million decrease in mezzanine financing provided to third-party developers during the comparable twelve month periods; (ii) the repayment of a $4.0 million mezzanine loan by a developer during the year ended December 31, 2012; and (iii) a $24.9 million loan made to the seller of a property which enabled the seller to retain a 20.5% noncontrolling interest in a partnership that owns a property we acquired during the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
Financing Activities: Cash provided by financing activities totaled approximately $1,275.8 million and $218.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The $1,057.6 million increase in cash provided by financing activities was primarily a result of the following: (i) an $1,130.0 million increase in net proceeds raised through the issuance of common stock, (ii) a $162.3 million decrease in cash used to pay off maturing mortgage and construction debt, (iii) a $76.1 million increase in proceeds from construction loans used to partially fund the construction of four wholly-owned development properties, which completed construction and opened for occupancy in August and September 2012, and (iv) a $50.0 million increase in proceeds (net of pay offs) received from our term loan.  These increases were primarily offset by (i) a $315.0 million decrease in proceeds (net of pay downs) received from our revolving credit facilities and (ii) a $23.8 million increase in distributions to stockholders during the year ended December 31, 2012, as a result of the issuance of common stock in connection with our July 2012 and October 2012 equity offerings and ATM Equity Programs.
 
Liquidity Needs, Sources and Uses of Capital
 
As of December 31, 2012, our short-term liquidity needs included, but were not limited to, the following: (i) anticipated distribution payments to our common and restricted stockholders totaling approximately $142.1 million based on an assumed annual cash distribution of $1.35 per share based on the number of our shares outstanding as of December 31, 2012, (ii) anticipated distribution payments to our Operating Partnership unitholders totaling approximately $1.7 million based on an assumed annual distribution of $1.35 per common unit and a cumulative preferential per annum cash distribution rate of 5.99% on our Series A preferred units based on the number of units outstanding as of December 31, 2012, (iii) the pay-off of approximately $74.9 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt scheduled to mature during the next 12 months, (iv) estimated development costs over the next 12 months totaling approximately $232.3 million for our wholly-owned properties currently under construction, (v) funds for other development projects scheduled to commence construction during the next 12 months, and (vi) potential future property acquisitions.
 
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements by (i) borrowing under our existing credit facilities discussed below, (ii) potentially disposing of properties depending on market conditions, (iii) issuing securities, including common stock, and (iv) utilizing net cash provided by operations.  In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company was assigned a “Baa3” issuer rating by Moody’s Investors Service and a “BBB-” corporate credit rating by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services.  Both ratings are considered “investment grade” and indicated a stable outlook for the Company.  These ratings potentially provide us with access to the unsecured bond market, an additional avenue that can be used to fund our liquidity needs.
 
We may seek additional funds to undertake initiatives not contemplated by our business plan or obtain additional cushion against possible shortfalls.  We also may pursue additional financing as opportunities arise.  Future financings may include a range of different sizes or types of financing, including the incurrence of additional secured debt and the sale of additional debt or equity securities.  These funds may not be available on favorable terms or at all.  Our ability to obtain additional financing depends on several factors, including future market conditions, our success or lack of success in penetrating our markets, our future creditworthiness, and restrictions contained in agreements with our investors or lenders, including the restrictions contained in the agreements governing our revolving credit facilities and term loan.  These financings could increase our level of indebtedness or result in dilution to our equity holders.
 
 
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2012 Equity Offerings
 
As discussed in more detail in Note 12 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, in July 2012 and October 2012 we sold 17,250,000 and 12,650,000 shares of our common stock, respectively, at a price of $44.25 and $43.75 per share, respectively.
 
ATM Equity Programs
 
As discussed in more detail in Note 12 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, during the year ended December 31, 2012, we utilized our ATM share offering program to sell shares of our common stock into the existing trading market at current market prices.
 
Unsecured Credit Facility
 
As discussed in more detail in Note 11 and Note 14 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, in January 2012, we entered into a First Amendment to our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”).  Pursuant to the First Amendment, our $200 million unsecured term loan was increased in size to $350 million, maturity dates were extended on both our term loan and revolving credit facility, and interest rate spreads were lowered to reflect current market terms.  In January 2012, we also entered into multiple interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts totaling $350 million that effectively fix our interest rate to 2.54% (0.89% + 1.65% spread) on the outstanding balance of our unsecured term loan.
 
As of December 31, 2012, the balance outstanding on our revolving credit facility totaled $258.0 million, bearing interest at a weighted average annual rate of 1.97%, and availability under the revolving credit facility totaled $192.0 million.  The terms of the combined Credit Facility include certain restrictions and covenants, as discussed more fully in Note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, including covenants that restrict the amount of distributions that we can pay.  As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all such covenants.
 
 
Secured Agency Facility
 
As discussed in more detail in Note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, we also have a $125 million secured revolving credit facility with a Freddie Mac lender.  As of December 31, 2012, the balance outstanding on the facility totaled $104.0 million, bearing interest at a weighted average annual rate of 2.27%.  The secured agency facility includes some, but not all, of the same financial covenants as the Credit Facility, as described above.  As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all such covenants.
 
 
Distributions
 
We are required to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income (excluding capital gains) on an annual basis in order to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.  Distributions to common stockholders are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. We may use borrowings under our secured revolving credit facility to fund distributions.  The Board of Directors considers a number of factors when determining distribution levels, including market factors and our Company’s performance in addition to REIT requirements.
 
On January 29, 2013, we declared a fourth quarter 2012 distribution per share of $0.3375, which was paid on February 22, 2013 to all common stockholders of record as of February 8, 2013.  At the same time, the Operating Partnership paid an equivalent amount per unit to holders of Common Units, as well as the quarterly cumulative preferential distribution to holders of Series A Preferred Units.
 
 
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Recurring Capital Expenditures
 
Recurring capital expenditures represent expenditures that are recurring in nature to maintain a property’s income, value, and competitive position within the market.  Recurring capital expenditures typically include, but are not limited to, appliances, furnishings, carpeting and flooring, HVAC equipment, and kitchen/bath cabinets.  Maintenance and repair costs incurred during our annual turn process due to normal wear and tear by residents are expensed as incurred.  Recurring capital expenditures exclude expenditures that were taken into consideration when underwriting the purchase of a property and are considered necessary to bring the property up to our operating standards, as well as capital expenditures for renovations, community repositioning, and other revenue-enhancing projects.  Additionally, we are required by certain of our lenders to contribute amounts to reserves for capital repairs and improvements at our mortgaged properties, which may exceed the amount of capital expenditures actually incurred by us during those periods.
 
Our historical recurring capital expenditures at our wholly-owned properties are set forth below:
 
   
As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Average beds
  66,555       56,418       50,506  
Total recurring capital expenditures
  $ 13,510     $ 11,101     $ 10,136  
Average per bed
  $ 203     $ 197     $ 201  
 
Pre-Development Expenditures
 
Our third-party and owned development activities have historically required us to fund pre-development expenditures such as architectural fees, permits and deposits.  The closing and/or commencement of construction of these development projects is subject to a number of risks such as our inability to obtain financing on favorable terms and delays or refusals in obtaining necessary zoning, land use, building, and other required governmental permits and authorizations  As such, we cannot always predict accurately the liquidity needs of these activities.  We frequently incur these pre-development expenditures before a financing commitment and/or required permits and authorizations have been obtained.  Accordingly, we bear the risk of the loss of these pre-development expenditures if financing cannot ultimately be arranged on acceptable terms or we are unable to successfully obtain the required permits and authorizations.  Historically, our third-party and owned development projects have been successfully structured and financed; however, these developments have at times been delayed beyond the period initially scheduled, causing revenue to be recognized in later periods.  As of December 31, 2012, we have deferred approximately $2.6 million in pre-development costs related to third-party and owned development projects that have not yet commenced construction.
 
Indebtedness
 
As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately $2,134.5 million of outstanding consolidated indebtedness (excluding net unamortized debt premiums and debt discounts of approximately $90.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively), comprised of a $350.0 million balance on our unsecured term loan, $258.0 million balance on our unsecured revolving credit facility, $104.0 million balance on our secured agency facility, $1,345.8 million in mortgage and construction loans secured by our wholly-owned properties, $31.8 million in mortgage loans secured by two phases of an on-campus participating property and $44.9 million in bond issuances secured by three of our on-campus participating properties.  The weighted average interest rate on our consolidated indebtedness as of December 31, 2012 was 4.40% per annum.  As of December 31, 2012, approximately 19.6% of our total consolidated indebtedness was variable rate debt, comprised of our secured agency facility, unsecured revolving credit facility and three construction loans discussed below.
 
Wholly-Owned Properties
 
Mortgage debt:  The weighted average interest rate of the $1,288.5 million of wholly-owned mortgage debt was 5.48% per annum as of December 31, 2012.  Each of the mortgage loans is a non-recourse obligation subject to customary exceptions.  The loans generally may not be prepaid prior to maturity; in certain cases prepayment is allowed, subject to prepayment penalties.
 
Construction loans:  The development and construction of two on-campus ACE properties (The Suites and Hilltop Townhomes), which both completed construction in August 2012, are partially financed on a combined basis with a $45.4 million construction loan.  For each borrowing we have the option of choosing the Prime rate or one-, two-, three-, or six-month LIBOR plus 2.35%.  The loan requires payments of interest only during the term of the loan and any accrued interest and outstanding borrowings become due on the maturity date of May 16, 2014.  The term of the loan can be extended through May 2016 through the exercise of two 12-month extension options.  As of December 31, 2012, the balance outstanding on the construction loan totaled $44.6 million, bearing interest at a weighted average rate per annum of 2.56%.
 
 
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In addition, as discussed in more detail in Note 7 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, we are consolidating two variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that own Townhomes at Newtown Crossing, a property located in Lexington, Kentucky and The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II, an additional phase at an existing property located in East Lansing, Michigan.  As a result, our construction loans payable balance includes $12.7 million related to the construction loans that are financing the development and construction of this property and additional phase at an existing property.  The total amount of these construction loans are $31.5 million and $16.2 million for Townhomes at Newtown Crossing and The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II, respectively, bearing interest at 2.65% and 4.26% per annum, respectively, as of December 31, 2012.  The loans mature on August 1, 2014 and January 9, 2014, respectively.  As the Company is not legally a party to these loans, and is only including the loans in its consolidated financial statements to comply with accounting guidance related to VIE’s, the creditors of these construction loans do not have recourse to the assets of the Company.
 
On-Campus Participating Properties
 
Bonds:  As discussed in Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, three of our on-campus participating properties are 100% financed with project-based taxable bonds.  As of December 31, 2012, the bonds carry a balance of $44.9 million and bear interest at a weighted average rate per annum of 7.55%.  The loans encumbering the leasehold interests are non-recourse, subject to customary exceptions.
 
Mortgage loans:  The Cullen Oaks Phase I and Phase II on-campus participating properties are currently encumbered by mortgage loans with balances as of December 31, 2012 of approximately $15.8 million and $16.0 million, respectively.  The loans mature in February 2014 and bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.35%.  In connection with these loans, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement effective February 15, 2007 through February 15, 2014, that is designated to hedge our exposure to fluctuations on interest payments attributed to changes in interest rates associated with payments on the loans.  Under the terms of the interest rate swap agreement, we pay a fixed rate of 6.69% per annum and receive a floating rate of LIBOR plus 1.35%.  We have guaranteed payment of this property’s indebtedness.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012:
 
   
Total
   
2013
   
2014
   
2015
   
2016
   
2017
   
Thereafter
 
Long-term debt (1) (2)
  $ 2,548,850     $ 181,875     $ 443,668     $ 295,561     $ 526,489     $ 510,665     $ 590,592  
Owned development
projects (3)
     268,550        232,302        36,248        -        -        -        -  
Operating leases (4)
    205,378       5,418       5,324       5,244       5,083       5,011       179,298  
Pre-sale contracts (5)(6)
    60,750       60,750       -       -       -       -       -  
Capital leases
    153       153       -       -       -       -       -  
    $ 3,083,681     $ 480,498     $ 485,240     $ 300,805     $ 531,572     $ 515,676     $ 769,890  
 
 
(1)
Long-term debt obligations reflect the payment of both principal and interest.  For long-term obligations with a variable interest rate, the rate in effect at December 31, 2012 was assumed to remain constant over all periods presented.
 
 
(2)
Assumes we do not exercise extension options available to us on our unsecured credit facility, which is more fully discussed in Note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8, and our construction loans, which are discussed in Liquidity and Capital Resources contained in Item 7 herein.
 
 
(3)
Consists of the completion costs related to eight owned development projects which will be funded entirely by us and are scheduled to be completed between August 2013 and August 2014.  We have entered into a contract with a general contractor for certain phases of the construction of these projects.  However, these contracts do not generally cover all of the costs that are necessary to place these properties into service, including the cost of furniture and marketing and leasing costs.  The unfunded commitments presented include all such costs, not only those costs that we are obligated to fund under the construction contracts.
 
 
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(4)
Includes minimum annual lease payments under ground/facility lease agreements entered into with university systems and other third parties.  Refer to Note 16 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 for a more detailed discussion of our ground/facility leases.
 
 
(5)
In July 2012, we entered into a Purchase and Contribution agreement with a private developer whereby we are obligated to purchase a student housing property (Townhomes at Newtown Crossing) as long as the developer meets certain construction completion deadlines and other closing conditions.  The development of the property is anticipated to be completed in August 2013.  The contractual obligation amount represents the purchase price of $38.8 million, less the mezzanine loan amount of $2.0 million that we previously funded to the developer in July 2012.
 
 
(6)
Concurrent with our purchase of a 19-property portfolio on November 30, 2012, we paid $8.3 million towards the purchase of an additional phase (The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II) currently under development at an existing property, which is scheduled for completion during the third quarter 2013.  The acquisition of this additional phase is subject to certain closing conditions, including satisfactory completion of such phase.  The contractual obligation amount represents the remainder of the purchase price of $24.0 million due at closing.
 
Funds From Operations (“FFO”)
 
The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) currently defines FFO as net income or loss attributable to common shares computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), excluding gains or losses from depreciable operating property sales, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.  We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting their results.  FFO excludes GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate diminishes ratably over time.  Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions.  We therefore believe that FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, and interest costs, among other items, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income.  We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs.
 
We also believe it is meaningful to present a measure we refer to as FFO-Modified, or FFOM, which reflects certain adjustments related to the economic performance of our on-campus participating properties and other nonrecurring items.  Under our participating ground leases, we and the participating university systems each receive 50% of the properties’ net cash available for distribution after payment of operating expenses, debt service (which includes significant amounts towards repayment of principal) and capital expenditures.  A substantial portion of our revenues attributable to these properties is reflective of cash that is required to be used for capital expenditures and for the amortization of applicable property indebtedness. These amounts do not increase our economic interest in these properties or otherwise benefit us since our interest in the properties terminates upon the repayment of the applicable property indebtedness.  Therefore, unlike the ownership of our wholly-owned properties, the unique features of our ownership interest in our on-campus participating properties cause the value of these properties to diminish over time.   For example, since the ground/facility leases under which we operate the participating properties require the reinvestment from operations of specified amounts for capital expenditures and for the repayment of debt while our interest in these properties terminates upon the repayment of the debt, such capital expenditures do not increase the value of the property to us and mortgage debt amortization only increases the equity of the ground lessor. Accordingly, we believe it is meaningful to modify FFO to exclude the operations of our on-campus participating properties and to consider their impact on our performance by including only that portion of our revenues from those properties that are reflective of our share of net cash flow and the management fees that we receive, both of which increase and decrease with the operating performance of the properties.  This narrower measure of performance measures our profitability for these properties in a manner that is similar to the measure of our profitability from our services business where we similarly incur no initial or ongoing capital investment in a property and derive only consequential benefits from capital expenditures and debt amortization. We believe, however, that this narrower measure of performance is inappropriate in traditional real estate ownership structures where debt amortization and capital expenditures enhance the property owner’s long-term profitability from its investment. When calculating FFOM, we also exclude losses from early extinguishment of debt incurred in connection with property dispositions and other non-cash gains or losses, as appropriate.
 
Our FFOM may have limitations as an analytical tool because it reflects the contractual calculation of net cash flow from our on-campus participating properties, which is unique to us and is different from that of our owned off-campus properties.  Companies that are considered to be in our industry may not have similar ownership structures; and therefore those companies may not calculate FFOM in the same manner that we do, or at all, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP and FFO results and using FFOM only supplementally.  Further, FFO and FFOM do not represent amounts available for management’s discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments and uncertainties.  FFO and FFOM should not be considered as alternatives to net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our financial performance, or to cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our liquidity, nor are these measures indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions.
 
 
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The following table presents a reconciliation of our net income attributable to common shareholders to FFO and FFOM:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 56,636     $ 56,629     $ 16,210  
Noncontrolling interests(1)
    1,205       1,343       888  
(Gain) loss from disposition of real estate
    (4,312 )     (14,806 )     3,705  
(Income) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures
    (444 )     641       2,023  
FFO from unconsolidated joint ventures  (2)
    429       (576 )     (1,195 )
Real estate related depreciation and amortization
    114,841       87,951       75,667  
Elimination of provision for asset impairment – wholly-owned properties (3)
    -       559       4,036  
Elimination of provision for asset impairment – unconsolidated joint ventures (4)
    -       546       1,414  
Funds from operations (“FFO”)
    168,355       132,287       102,748  
                         
Elimination of operations of on-campus participating properties and unconsolidated joint venture:
                       
    Net income from on-campus participating properties
    (3,238 )     (3,074 )     (1,809 )
    Amortization of investment in on-campus participating properties
    (4,644 )     (4,468 )     (4,345 )
    FFO from Hampton Roads unconsolidated joint venture (5)
    -       -       160  
      160,473       124,745       96,754  
Modifications to reflect operational performance of on-campus participating properties:
                       
    Our share of net cash flow (6)
    2,065       2,190       1,710  
    Management fees
    1,188       1,144       1,086  
Impact of on-campus participating properties
    3,253       3,334       2,796  
Elimination of loss from early extinguishment of debt (7)
    1,591       -       -  
Elimination of gain on debt restructuring – unconsolidated joint venture (8)
    (424 )     -       -  
Loss (gain) on remeasurement of equity method investments (9)
    122       -       (4,098 )
Gain on insurance settlement (10)
    -       -       (1,596 )
Funds from operations – modified (“FFOM”)
  $ 165,015     $ 128,079     $ 93,856  
                         
FFO per share – diluted
  $ 1.95     $ 1.87     $ 1.73  
                         
FFOM per share – diluted
  $ 1.91     $ 1.81     $ 1.58  
                         
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted
    86,375,470       70,834,789       59,453,190  
 
(1)
Excludes $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 of income attributable to the noncontrolling partner in The Varsity, a property purchased in December 2011 from a seller that retained a 20.5% noncontrolling interest in the property.  Also excludes $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, of income attributable to the seller of University Edge, a property subject to a pre-sale arrangement that was consolidated for financial reporting purposes prior to our purchase of the property in December 2012.
 
(2)
Represents our 10% share of FFO from a joint venture with Fidelity (“Fund II”) in which we were a noncontrolling partner. In January 2012, we purchased the full ownership interest in the one remaining property owned by Fund II (University Heights). Subsequent to the acquisition, the property is now wholly-owned and is consolidated by the company.
 
 
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(3)
Represents an impairment charge recorded for Pirates Cove, a property sold in April 2012.
 
(4)
Represents our share of impairment charges recorded for properties owned through our unconsolidated Fidelity Joint Ventures.
 
(5)
Our share of the FFO from the Hampton Roads Military Housing unconsolidated joint venture is excluded from the calculation of FFOM, as management believes this amount does not accurately reflect the company’s participation in the economics of the transaction.
 
(6)
50% of the properties’ net cash available for distribution after payment of operating expenses, debt service (including repayment of principal) and capital expenditures. Amounts represent actual cash received for the year-to-date periods.  As a result of using accrual-based results in interim periods and cash based results for the year-to-date periods, the sum of reported interim results may not agree to annual cash received.
 
(7)
Represents losses associated with the early pay-off of mortgage loans for Brookstone Village and Campus Walk in connection with the sale of those properties in October 2012.  Such costs are excluded from gains from disposition of real estate reported in accordance with GAAP.  However, we view the losses from early extinguishment of debt associated with the sales of real estate as an incremental cost of the sale transactions because we extinguished the debt in connection with the consummation of the sale transactions and we had no intent to extinguish the debt absent such transactions. We believe that adjusting FFO to exclude these losses more appropriately reflects the results of our operations exclusive of the impact of our disposition transactions.
 
(8)
Immediately prior to our purchase of University Heights from Fund II (see Note 2), Fund II negotiated a Settlement Agreement with the lender of the property’s mortgage loan whereby the lender agreed to accept a discounted amount that was less than the original principal amount of the loan as payment in full. Accordingly, Fund II recorded a gain on debt restructuring to reflect the discounted payoff.  Our 10% share of such gain is reflected above as an adjustment to FFOM.
 
(9)
Represents a non-cash loss recorded to remeasure our equity method investment in Fund II to fair value as a result of our purchase of the full ownership interest in University Heights from Fund II in January 2012.
 
(10)
Represents a gain on insurance settlement related to significant property damage resulting from a fire that occurred at one of our wholly-owned properties in April 2010.
 
Inflation
 
Our student leases do not typically provide for rent escalations. However, they typically do not have terms that extend beyond 12 months. Accordingly, although on a short term basis we would be required to bear the impact of rising costs resulting from inflation, we have the opportunity to raise rental rates at least annually to offset such rising costs. However, a weak economic environment or declining student enrollment at our principal universities may limit our ability to raise rental rates.
 
Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
We are exposed to certain market risks inherent in our operations.  These risks generally arise from transactions entered into in the normal course of business.  We believe our primary market risk exposure relates to interest rate risk.  We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
 
 
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The table below provides information about our assets and our liabilities sensitive to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Amount
 (in 000s)
   
Weighted
Average
Maturity
(in years)
   
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
   
% of
Total
   
Amount
(in 000s)
   
Weighted
Average
Maturity
(in years)
   
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
   
% of
Total
 
                                                 
Fixed rate debt (1)
  $  1,715,165       4.7       4.98 %     80.4 %   $ 924,041       3.9       5.50 %     64.1 %
                                                                 
Variable rate debt
     419,355       2.5       2.13       19.6       518,350       2.6       2.29       35.9  
 
(1)
Includes a $350 million outstanding balance on our unsecured term loan and $31.8 million of mortgage loans which are effectively fixed by the use of interest rate swaps.
 
For fixed rate debt, interest rate changes affect the fair market value but do not impact net income attributable to common shareholders or cash flows.  Conversely, for floating rate debt, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair market value but do impact net income attributable to common shareholders and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant.  Holding other variables constant (such as debt levels), a one percentage point variance in interest rates (100 basis points) would change the unrealized fair market value of the fixed rate debt by approximately $149.5 million.  The net income attributable to common shareholders and cash flow impact on the next year resulting from a one percentage point variance in interest rates on floating rate debt, excluding debt effectively fixed by interest rate swap agreements, would be approximately $4.2 million, holding all other variables constant.
 
As of December 31, 2012, the effect of our hedge agreements was to fix the interest rate on approximately $381.8 million of our variable rate debt.  Had the hedge agreements not been in place during 2012, our annual interest costs would have been approximately $4.0 million lower, based on balances and reported interest rates through the year as the variable interest rates were less than the effective interest rates on the associated hedge agreements.  Additionally, if the variable interest rates on this debt had been 100 basis points higher through 2012 and the hedge agreements not been in place, our annual interest costs would have been approximately $3.8 million higher.  Derivative financial instruments expose us to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties under the terms of the interest rate hedge agreements.  We believe we minimize our credit risk on these transactions by dealing with major, creditworthy financial institutions.  As part of our on-going control procedures, we monitor the credit ratings of counterparties and our exposure to any single entity, thus minimizing credit risk concentration.  We believe the likelihood of realized losses from counterparty non-performance is remote.
 
Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
The information required herein is included as set forth in Item 15 (a) – Financial Statements.
 
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
None.
 
Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures
 
American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
(a)  
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have adopted and maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed,  summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
 
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures for the period covered by this report were effective.
 
 
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There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

(b)  
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
     
The management of American Campus Communities, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. We have designed our internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance that our published financial statements are fairly presented, in all material respects, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our management is required by paragraph (c) of Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year. In making this assessment, our management used the Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued in July 1994 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).
     
Our management conducted the required assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012.  Based upon this assessment, our management believes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2012.  Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.

American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.

(a)  
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Operating Partnership has adopted and maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Operating Partnership in its Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of ACC, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
 
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), the Operating Partnership has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of the Operating Partnership’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of ACC, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based on the foregoing, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures for the period covered by this report were effective.
 
There has been no change in the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

(b)  
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
     
The management of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.  We have designed our internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance that our published financial statements are fairly presented, in all material respects, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our management is required by paragraph (c) of Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year. In making this assessment, our management used the Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued in July 1994 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).    
 
The Operating Partnership conducted the required assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012.  Based upon this assessment, our management believes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2012.  Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report regarding the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.
 
 
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PART III
 
Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 
Information with respect to this Item 10 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement, which we intend to file on or before March 25, 2013 in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 2, 2013.
 
Item 11.  Executive Compensation
 
Information with respect to this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement, which we intend to file on or before March 25, 2013 in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 2, 2013.
 
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
Information pertaining to security ownership of management and certain beneficial owners of the Company’s common stock with respect to this Item 12 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement, which we intend to file on or before March 25, 2013 in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 2, 2013, to the extent not set forth below.
 
The Company maintains the American Campus Communities, Inc. 2010 Incentive Award Plan (the “2010 Plan”), as discussed in more detail in Note 13 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.  As of December 31, 2012, the total units and shares issued under the 2010 Plan were as follows:
 
   
# of Securities to be
Issued Upon Exercise
of Outstanding
Options, Warrants,
and Rights
   
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants, and
Rights
   
# of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation
Plans
 
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders
    691,094 (1)   $ -0-       1,438,254  
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders
    n/a       n/a       n/a  
 
(1)
Consists of restricted stock awards granted to executive officers and certain employees and common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.
 
 
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Item 13.  Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence
 
Information with respect to this Item 13 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement, which we intend to file on or before March 25, 2013 in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 2, 2013.
 
Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
Information with respect to this Item 14 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement, which we intend to file on or before March 25, 2013 in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 2, 2013.
 
 
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PART IV
 
Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a)  Financial Statements
 
The following consolidated financial information is included as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
 
 
Page No.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (American Campus Communities, Inc.)
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (American Campus Communities Operating  Partnership, L.P.)
F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (American Campus Communities, Inc.)
F-3
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting  
  (American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.)
F-4
Consolidated Financial Statements of American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries
 
  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of  December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011
F-5
  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and
    2010
F-6
  Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
F-7
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
F-8
Consolidated Financial Statements of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and
  Subsidiaries
 
  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011
F-9
  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and
    2010
F-10
  Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
F-11
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
F-12
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries and
  American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries
F-13
 
(b)  Exhibits
                                                                                                    
Exhibit
Number  
 
Description of Document
 
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 11, 2008, among GMH Communities Trust, GMH Communities, Inc., GMH Communities, LP, American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, American Campus Communities Acquisition LLC and American Campus Communities Acquisition Limited Partnership.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on February 14, 2008.
 
3.1
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
3.2
Bylaws of American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
4.1
Form of Certificate for Common Stock of American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.1
Form of Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.2
Form of First Amendment to Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, dated as of March 1, 2006, between American Campus Communities Holdings LLC and those persons who have executed such amendment as limited partners.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 7, 2006.
 
 
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10.3*
American Campus Communities, Inc. 2004 Incentive Award Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.4*
Amendment No. 1 to American Campus Communities, Inc. 2004 Incentive Award Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.7 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 5, 2007.
 
10.5*
Amendment No. 2 to American Campus Communities, Inc. 2004 Incentive Award Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 11, 2008.
 
10.6*
American Campus Communities, Inc. 2010 Incentive Award Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on May 7, 2010.
 
10.7
Form of PIU Grant Notice (including Registration Rights).  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.8
Form of PIU Grant Notice (including Registration Rights), dated as of August 20, 2007.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on August 23, 2007.
 
10.9
Form of Indemnification Agreement between American Campus Communities, Inc. and certain of its directors and officers.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.10
Form of Employment Agreement between American Campus Communities, Inc. and William C. Bayless, Jr.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.11
Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2005, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and William C. Bayless, Jr.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on May 3, 2005.
 
10.12
Amendment No. 2 to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and William C. Bayless, Jr.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 5, 2007.
 
10.13
Third Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2010, between William C. Bayless, Jr. and American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 24, 2010.
 
10.14
Employment Agreement, dated as of April 18, 2005, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and James C. Hopke.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on May 3, 2005.
 
10.15
Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and James C. Hopke.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 5, 2007.
 
10.16
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2010, between James C. Hopke, Jr. and American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 24, 2010.
 
10.17
Employment Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2005, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and Greg A. Dowell.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on May 3, 2005.
 
 
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10.18
Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and Greg A. Dowell.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 5, 2007.
 
10.19
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2010, between Greg A. Dowell and American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 24, 2010.
 
10.20
Employment Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2007, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and Jonathan A. Graf.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 5, 2007.
 
10.21
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2010, between Jonathan A. Graf and American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 24, 2010.
 
10.22
Employment Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2009, between James E. Wilhelm III and American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.14 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 24, 2010.
 
10.23
First Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2010, between James E. Wilhelm III and American Campus Communities, Inc.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 24, 2010.
 
10.24
Form of Confidentiality and Noncompetition Agreement.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-114813) of American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
10.25
Form of Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2011, among American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, as Borrower, American Campus Communities, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, the other entities listed on the signature pages thereof as Guarantors, the banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders listed on the signature pages thereof as Initial Lenders, KeyBank National Association, as the initial issuer of Letters of Credit, Swing Line Bank and Administrative Agent, KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as Joint Lead Arrangers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Syndication Agent, and Bank of America, N.A., U.S. Bank National Association and Compass Bank, as Co-Documentation Agents.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on May 25, 2011.
 
10.26
Form of First Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 10, 2012, among American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, as Borrower, American Campus Communities, Inc., as Parent Guarantor, the other entities listed on the signature pages thereof as Guarantors, the banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders listed on the signature pages thereof as Lenders, and KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on January 13, 2012.
 
10.27
Form of Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2006, between American Campus Communities, Inc. and each of the persons who are signatory thereto.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 7, 2006.
 
10.28
Form of Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2006, among American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Holdings LLC and each of the limited partners of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP who have executed a signature page thereto.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on March 7, 2006.
 
10.29
Form of Equity Distribution Agreement, dated November 9, 2011, between American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP and American Campus Communities Holdings LLC, on one hand, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, on the other hand.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 10, 2011.
 
 
52

 
 
10.30
Form of Equity Distribution Agreement, dated November 9, 2011, between American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP and American Campus Communities Holdings LLC, on one hand, and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., on the other hand.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 10, 2011.
 
10.31
Form of Equity Distribution Agreement, dated November 9, 2011, between American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP and American Campus Communities Holdings LLC, on one hand, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, on the other hand.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 10, 2011.
 
10.32
Form of Equity Distribution Agreement, dated November 9, 2011, between American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP and American Campus Communities Holdings LLC, on one hand, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., on the other hand.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) filed on November 10, 2011.
 
10.33
Form of Agreement of Merger and Contribution, dated as of June 7, 2012, among American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, Campus Acquisitions Holdings, LLC, the Property Entities (as defined therein), Campus Acquisitions Management, LLC, the Development Entities (as defined therein) and Campus Acquisitions Investment Management LLC.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP (File No. 333-181102-01) filed on July 10, 2012.
 
10.34
Form of Amendment No. 1 to Agreement of Merger and Contribution, dated as of July 9, 2012, among American Campus Communities, Inc., American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, Campus Acquisitions Holdings, LLC, the Property Entities (as defined therein), Campus Acquisitions Management, LLC, the Development Entities (as defined therein) and Campus Acquisitions Investment Management LLC.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP (File No. 333-181102-01) filed on July 10, 2012.
 
10.35
Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of September 4, 2012, between American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP and the persons named therein as Sellers.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP (File No. 333-181102-01) filed on October 25, 2012.
 
10.36
Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of October 24, 2012, between American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP and the persons named therein as Sellers.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K of American Campus Communities, Inc. (File No. 001-32265) and American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP (File No. 333-181102-01) filed on October 25, 2012.
 
12.1
Statement Regarding Computation of Ratios.
 
21.1
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 
23.1
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP – American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
23.2
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP – American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.
 
31.1
American Campus Communities, Inc. - Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
                      
31.2
American Campus Communities, Inc. - Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
53

 
 
31.3
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. - Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
31.4
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. - Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
32.1
American Campus Communities, Inc. - Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
32.2
American Campus Communities, Inc. - Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
32.3
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. - Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U. S. C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
32.4
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. - Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
*
Indicates management compensation plan.
 
 
54

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Dated:
March 1, 2013
 
               
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC.
     
               
By: 
/s/ William C. Bayless, Jr.
 
     
                   
 
William C. Bayless, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
Dated:
March 1, 2013
 
               
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P.
 
 
 By:  American Campus Communities Holdings,
        LLC, its general partner 
 
By:  American Campus Communities, Inc., its sole member 
 
 
               
By: 
/s/ William C. Bayless, Jr.
 
     
                   
 
William C. Bayless, Jr.
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
55

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
 
Name
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ William C. Bayless, Jr.                                             
  President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)  
March 1, 2013
William C. Bayless, Jr.
     
         
/s/ Jonathan A. Graf   Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary (Principal Financial Officer)     March 1, 2013
Jonathan A. Graf
     
       
/s/ R.D. Burck                                                  
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors
 
March 1, 2013
R.D. Burck
       
         
/s/ G. Steven Dawson                                                  
 
Director
 
March 1, 2013
G. Steven Dawson
       
         
/s/ Cydney Donnell 
 
Director
 
March 1, 2013
Cydney Donnell
       
         
/s/ Edward Lowenthal                                                  
 
Director
 
March 1, 2013
Edward Lowenthal
       
         
/s/ Oliver Luck                                                  
 
Director
 
March 1, 2013
Oliver Luck
       
         
/s/ Winston W. Walker                                                  
 
Director
 
March 1, 2013
Winston W. Walker
       
 
 
56

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), American Campus Communities, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
 
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 

Austin, Texas
March 1, 2013

 
F-1

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Partners
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries (the “Operating Partnership”) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in capital and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Operating Partnership’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), American Campus Communities Operating Partnership L.P.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 

Austin, Texas
March 1, 2013

 
F-2

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries

We have audited American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 of American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 1, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
 
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 
 
Austin, Texas
March 1, 2013

 
F-3

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 
To the Partners
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries

We have audited American Campus Communities Operating Partnership L.P. and Subsidiaries’ (the “Operating Partnership”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in capital, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 of American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P. and Subsidiaries and our report dated March 1, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
 
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
 
 
Austin, Texas
March 1, 2013
 
 
F-4

 

AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
             
Assets
           
             
Investments in real estate:
           
  Wholly-owned properties, net
  $ 4,871,376     $ 2,761,757  
  Wholly-owned property held for sale
    -       27,300  
  On-campus participating properties, net
    57,346       59,850  
Investments in real estate, net
    4,928,722       2,848,907  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
    21,454       22,399  
Restricted cash
    36,790       22,956  
Student contracts receivable, net
    14,122       5,324  
Other assets
    117,874       108,996  
                 
Total assets
  $ 5,118,962     $ 3,008,582  
                 
Liabilities and equity
               
                 
Liabilities:
               
  Secured mortgage, construction and bond debt
  $ 1,509,105     $ 858,530  
  Unsecured term loan
    350,000       200,000  
  Unsecured revolving credit facility
    258,000       273,000  
  Secured agency facility
    104,000       116,000  
  Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    56,046       36,884  
  Other liabilities
    107,223       77,840  
Total liabilities
    2,384,374       1,562,254  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
               
                 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
    57,534       42,529  
                 
Equity:
               
  American Campus Communities, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
    Common stock, $.01 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized,
      104,665,212 and 72,759,546 shares issued and outstanding at
      December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively
    1,043       725  
    Additional paid in capital
    3,001,520       1,664,416  
    Accumulated earnings and dividends
    (347,521 )     (286,565 )
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (6,661 )     (3,360 )
    Total American Campus Communities, Inc. stockholders’ equity
    2,648,381       1,375,216  
  Noncontrolling interests – partially owned properties
    28,673       28,583  
Total equity
    2,677,054       1,403,799  
                 
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 5,118,962     $ 3,008,582  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-5

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenues:
                 
  Wholly-owned properties
  $ 448,052     $ 345,411     $ 282,866  
  On-campus participating properties
    26,166       25,252       23,975  
  Third-party development services
    8,574       7,497       9,302  
  Third-party management services
    6,893       7,254       8,670  
  Resident services
    1,605       1,353       1,297  
Total revenues
    491,290       386,767       326,110  
                         
Operating expenses:
                       
  Wholly-owned properties
    210,307       163,857       133,216  
  On-campus participating properties
    11,073       10,180       10,492  
  Third-party development and management services
    10,898       11,368       12,781  
  General and administrative
    22,965       12,752       11,561  
  Depreciation and amortization
    115,884       86,229       72,444  
  Ground/facility leases
    4,248       3,608       2,944  
Total operating expenses
    375,375       287,994        243,438  
                         
Operating income
    115,915       98,773       82,672  
                         
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
                       
  Interest income
    1,760       582       186  
  Interest expense
    (56,577 )     (51,593 )     (59,523 )
  Amortization of deferred financing costs
    (4,482 )     (5,107 )     (4,423 )
  Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures
    444       (641 )     (2,023 )
  Other nonoperating income
    411       -       5,690  
Total nonoperating expenses
    (58,444 )     (56,759 )     (60,093 )
                         
Income before income taxes and discontinued operations
    57,471       42,014       22,579  
Income tax provision
    (725 )     (433 )     (570 )
Income from continuing operations
    56,746        41,581       22,009  
Discontinued operations:
                       
  Income (loss) attributable to discontinued operations
    771       1,585       (1,206 )
  Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    (1,591 )     -       -  
  Gain (loss) from disposition of real estate
    4,312       14,806       (3,705 )
Total discontinued operations
    3,492       16,391       (4,911 )
Net income
    60,238       57,972       17,098  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
                       
  Redeemable noncontrolling interests
    (847 )     (930 )     (414 )
  Partially owned properties
    (2,755 )     (413 )     (474 )
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (3,602 )     (1,343 )     (888 )
Net income attributable to common shareholders
    56,636       56,629       16,210  
Other comprehensive (loss) income
                       
  Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    (3,301 )     2,143       (1,147 )
Comprehensive income
  $ 53,335     $ 58,772     $ 15,063  
Income per share attributable to common
  shareholders – basic
                       
    Income from continuing operations per share
  $ 0.62     $ 0.58     $ 0.35  
    Net income per share
  $ 0.66     $ 0.81     $ 0.27  
Income per share attributable to common
  shareholders – diluted
                       
    Income from continuing operations per share
  $ 0.61     $ 0.57     $ 0.34  
    Net income per share
  $ 0.65     $ 0.80     $ 0.26  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
                       
  Basic
    84,711,584       69,243,203       57,682,808  
  Diluted
    85,309,451       69,807,394       59,338,227  
                         
Distributions declared per common share
  $ 1.35     $ 1.35     $ 1.35  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-6

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
 
   
Common
Shares
   
 
Par Value of
Common
Shares
   
 
Additional Paid
in Capital
   
Accumulated
Earnings and
Dividends
   
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
   
Noncontrolling
Interests
   
Total
 
Equity, December 31, 2009
    52,203,893     $ 521     $ 1,092,030     $ (189,165 )   $ (4,356 )   $ 3,744     $ 902,774  
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
    14,371,100       144       372,879       -       -       -       373,023  
Adjustments to reflect redeemable noncontrolling interests at fair value
    -       -       (3,274 )     -       -       -       (3,274 )
Amortization of restricted stock awards
    -       -       3,612       -       -       -       3,612  
Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    90,525       -       (917 )     -       -       -       (917 )
Distributions to common and restricted stockholders
    -       -       -       (76,426 )     -       -       (76,426 )
Distributions to joint venture partners
    -       -       -       -       -       (285 )     (285 )
Conversions of common units to common stock
    210,145       2       3,849       -       -       -       3,851  
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    -       -       -       -       (1,147 )     -       (1,147 )
Net income
    -       -       -       16,210       -       474       16,684  
Equity, December 31, 2010
    66,875,663       667       1,468,179       (249,381 )      (5,503 )      3,933       1,217,895  
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
    5,716,760       57       204,968       -       -       -       205,025  
Adjustments to reflect redeemable noncontrolling interests at fair value
    -       -       (9,876 )     -       -       -       (9,876 )
Amortization of restricted stock awards
    -       -       4,252       -       -       -       4,252  
Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    102,522       -       (1,269 )     -       -       -       (1,269 )
Distributions to common and restricted stockholders
    -       -       -       (93,813 )     -       -       (93,813 )
Distributions to joint venture partners
    -       -       -       -       -       (335 )     (335 )
Noncontrolling interest retained by seller – property acquisition
    -       -       -       -       -       24,908       24,908  
Conversion of common units to common stock
    64,601       1       1,101       -       -       -       1,102  
Increase in ownership of consolidated subsidiaries
    -       -       (2,939 )     -       -       (336 )     (3,275 )
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    -       -       -       -       2,143       -       2,143  
Net income
    -       -       -       56,629       -       413       57,042  
Equity, December 31, 2011
    72,759,546       725       1,664,416       (286,565 )     (3,360 )     28,583       1,403,799  
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
    31,702,306       317       1,334,590       -       -       -       1,334,907  
Adjustments to reflect redeemable noncontrolling interests at fair value
    -       -       (1,958 )     -       -       -       (1,958 )
Amortization of restricted stock awards
    -       -       5,279       -       -       -       5,279  
Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    114,903       -       (2,023 )     -       -       -       (2,023 )
Distributions to common and restricted stockholders
    -       -       -       (117,592 )     -       -       (117,592 )
Distributions to joint venture partners
    -       -       -       -       -       (2,665 )     (2,665 )
Conversion of common units to common stock
    88,457       1       1,216       -       -       -       1,217  
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    -       -       -       -       (3,301 )     -       (3,301 )
Net income
    -       -       -       56,636       -       2,755       59,391  
Equity, December 31, 2012
    104,665,212     $ 1,043     $ 3,001,520     $ (347,521 )   $ (6,661 )   $ 28,673     $ 2,677,054  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-7

 

AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Operating activities
                 
Net income
  $ 60,238     $ 57,972     $ 17,098  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
     (Gain) loss from disposition of real estate
    (4,312 )     (14,806 )     3,705  
     Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    1,591       -       -  
     Loss (gain) on remeasurement of equity method investments
    122       -       (4,098 )
     Gain from insurance settlements
    -       -       (1,596 )
     Depreciation and amortization
    116,490       89,271       77,568  
     Provision for asset impairment
    -       559       4,036  
     Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt premiums/discounts
    1,316       326       2,685  
     Share-based compensation
    5,350       4,367       3,745  
     (Income) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures
    (444 )     641       2,023  
     Distributions received from unconsolidated joint ventures
    -       -       200  
     Income tax provision
    725       433       570  
     Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
              Restricted cash
    (1,041 )     865       7,368  
              Student contracts receivable, net
    (8,750 )     394       234  
              Other assets
    17,974       (13,457 )     (2,358 )
              Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    6,684       421       3,054  
              Other liabilities
    7,095       4,047       1,715  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    203,038       131,033       115,949  
Investing activities
                       
     Net proceeds from disposition of real estate
    43,343       80,376       2,114  
     Cash paid for property acquisitions
    (1,106,047 )     (236,865 )     (154,461 )
     Loan made to noncontrolling partner of consolidated subsidiary
    -       (24,908 )     -  
     Cash paid for land acquisitions
    (40,271 )     (13,058 )     (16,050 )
     Capital expenditures for wholly-owned properties
    (31,332 )     (23,277 )     (30,399 )
     Investments in wholly-owned properties under development
    (344,207 )     (202,575 )     (44,850 )
     Capital expenditures for on-campus participating properties
    (2,141 )     (1,832 )     (1,141 )
     Cash paid for increased ownership in consolidated subsidiaries
    -       (3,275 )     -  
     Investment in mezzanine loans
    (2,000 )     (7,100 )     -  
     Proceeds from mezzanine loans
    4,000       -       -  
     Change in restricted cash related to capital reserves
    (129 )     1,523       1,185  
     Decrease (increase) in escrow deposits
    405       (975 )     65  
     Proceeds from insurance settlement
    -       1,907       1,726  
     Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
    -       -       (499 )
     Purchase of corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment
    (1,436 )     (10,239 )     (2,182 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (1,479,815 )     (440,298 )     (244,492 )
Financing activities
                       
     Proceeds from sale of common stock
    1,391,750       208,980       388,871  
     Offering costs
    (56,320 )     (3,602 )     (15,814 )
     Pay-off of mortgage and construction loans
    (137,529 )     (299,838 )     (110,662 )
     Proceeds from unsecured term loan
    150,000       200,000       -  
     Pay-off of secured term loan
    -       (100,000 )     -  
     Proceeds from credit facilities
    638,000       378,000       61,800  
     Paydowns of credit facilities
    (665,000 )     (90,000 )     (54,800 )
     Proceeds from construction loans
    105,428       29,350       -  
     Principal payments on debt
    (11,575 )     (9,603 )     (11,636 )
     Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    (1,591 )     -       -  
     Change in construction accounts payable
    (5,486 )     7,721       -  
     Debt issuance and assumption costs
    (10,010 )     (6,982 )     (3,091 )
     Distributions to common and restricted stockholders
    (117,592 )     (93,813 )     (76,579 )
     Distributions to noncontrolling partners
    (4,111 )     (1,750 )     (2,009 )
     Redemption of common units for cash
    (132 )     (306 )     (123 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,275,832       218,157       175,957  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    (945 )     (91,108 )     47,414  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    22,399       113,507       66,093  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 21,454     $ 22,399     $ 113,507  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
                       
     Loans assumed in connection with property acquisitions
  $ (645,823 )   $ -     $ (247,752 )
     Issuance of common units in connection with property acquisitions
  $ (15,000 )   $ -     $ -  
     Financing of equipment through capital lease obligations
  $ -     $ 281     $ -  
     Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net
  $ (3,301 )   $ 2,143     $ (1,147 )
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                       
     Interest paid
  $ 66,599     $ 63,601     $ 61,864  
     Income taxes paid
  $
 466
    $ 420     $ 300  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-8

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except unit data)
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
             
Assets
           
             
Investments in real estate:
           
  Wholly-owned properties, net
  $ 4,871,376     $ 2,761,757  
  Wholly-owned property held for sale
    -       27,300  
  On-campus participating properties, net
    57,346       59,850  
Investments in real estate, net
    4,928,722       2,848,907  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
    21,454       22,399  
Restricted cash
    36,790       22,956  
Student contracts receivable, net
    14,122       5,324  
Other assets
    117,874       108,996  
                 
Total assets
  $ 5,118,962     $ 3,008,582  
                 
Liabilities and capital
               
                 
Liabilities:
               
  Secured mortgage, construction and bond debt
  $ 1,509,105     $ 858,530  
  Unsecured term loan
    350,000       200,000  
  Unsecured revolving credit facility
    258,000       273,000  
  Secured agency facility
    104,000       116,000  
  Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    56,046       36,884  
  Other liabilities
    107,223       77,840  
Total liabilities
    2,384,374       1,562,254  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
               
                 
Redeemable limited partners
    57,534       42,529  
                 
Capital:
               
  Partners’ capital:
               
    General partner - 12,222 OP units outstanding at both December 31, 2012 and 2011
    116       125  
    Limited partner – 104,652,990 and 72,747,324 OP units outstanding at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively
    2,654,926       1,378,451  
    Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (6,661 )     (3,360 )
      Total partners’ capital
    2,648,381       1,375,216  
  Noncontrolling interests –  partially owned properties
    28,673       28,583  
Total capital
    2,677,054       1,403,799  
                 
Total liabilities and capital
  $ 5,118,962     $ 3,008,582  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-9

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except unit and per unit data)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenues:
                 
  Wholly-owned properties
  $ 448,052     $ 345,411     $ 282,866  
  On-campus participating properties
    26,166       25,252       23,975  
  Third-party development services
    8,574       7,497       9,302  
  Third-party management services
    6,893       7,254       8,670  
  Resident services
    1,605       1,353       1,297  
Total revenues
    491,290       386,767       326,110  
                         
Operating expenses:
                       
  Wholly-owned properties
    210,307       163,857       133,216  
  On-campus participating properties
    11,073       10,180       10,492  
  Third-party development and management services
    10,898       11,368       12,781  
  General and administrative
    22,965       12,752       11,561  
  Depreciation and amortization
    115,884       86,229       72,444  
  Ground/facility leases
    4,248       3,608       2,944  
Total operating expenses
    375,375       287,994        243,438  
                         
Operating income
    115,915       98,773       82,672  
                         
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
                       
  Interest income
    1,760       582       186  
  Interest expense
    (56,577 )     (51,593 )     (59,523 )
  Amortization of deferred financing costs
    (4,482 )     (5,107 )     (4,423 )
  Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures
    444       (641 )     (2,023 )
  Other nonoperating income
    411       -       5,690  
Total nonoperating expenses
    (58,444 )     (56,759 )     (60,093 )
                         
Income before income taxes and discontinued operations
    57,471       42,014       22,579  
Income tax provision
    (725 )     (433 )     (570 )
Income from continuing operations
     56,746        41,581        22,009  
Discontinued operations:
                       
  Income (loss) attributable to discontinued operations
    771       1,585       (1,206 )
  Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    (1,591 )     -       -  
  Gain (loss) from disposition of real estate
    4,312       14,806       (3,705 )
Total discontinued operations
    3,492       16,391       (4,911 )
Net income
    60,238       57,972       17,098  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests –  
partially owned properties
    (2,755 )     (413 )     (474 )
Net income attributable to American Campus
  Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.
    57,483       57,559       16,624  
Series A preferred units distributions
    (183 )     (183 )     (184 )
Net income available to common unitholders
  $ 57,300     $ 57,376     $ 16,440  
Other comprehensive (loss) income
                       
  Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    (3,301 )     2,143       (1,147 )
Comprehensive income
  $ 53,999     $ 59,519     $ 15,293  
Income per unit attributable to common unitholders –  basic
                       
    Income from continuing operations per unit
  $ 0.62     $ 0.58     $ 0.35  
    Net income per unit
  $ 0.66     $ 0.81     $ 0.27  
Income per unit attributable to common unitholders –  diluted
                       
    Income from continuing operations per unit
  $ 0.61     $ 0.57     $ 0.34  
    Net income per unit
  $ 0.65     $ 0.80     $ 0.26  
Weighted-average common units outstanding:
                       
  Basic
    85,663,475       70,156,335       58,810,778  
  Diluted
    86,261,342       70,720,526       59,338,227  
Distributions declared per common unit
  $ 1.35     $ 1.35     $ 1.35  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-10

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL
(in thousands, except unit data)
 
                                      Accumulated       Noncontrolling          
     
General Partner
      Limited Partner       Other       Interests –           
                                      Comprehensive       Partially Owned          
     
Units
     
Amount
     
Units
     
Amount
      Loss       Properties       Total  
Capital as of December 31, 2009
    12,222     $ 145       52,191,671     $ 903,241     $ (4,356 )   $ 3,744     $ 902,774  
Issuance of units in exchange for contributions of equity offering proceeds
    -       -       14,371,100       373,023       -       -       373,023  
Adjustments to reflect redeemable limited partners’ interest at fair value
    -       -       -       (3,274 )     -       -       (3,274 )
Amortization of restricted stock awards
    -       -       -       3,612       -       -       3,612  
Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    -       -       90,525       (917 )     -       -       (917 )
Distributions
    -       (16 )     -       (76,410 )     -       -       (76,426 )
Distributions to joint venture partners
    -       -       -       -       -       (285 )     (285 )
Conversions of common units to common stock
    -       -       210,145       3,851       -       -       3,851  
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    -       -       -       -       (1,147 )     -       (1,147 )
Net income
    -       3       -       16,207       -       474       16,684  
Capital as of December 31, 2010
    12,222       132       66,863,441       1,219,333        (5,503 )      3,933       1,217,895  
Issuance of units in exchange for contributions of equity offering proceeds
    -       -       5,716,760       205,025       -       -       205,025  
Adjustments to reflect redeemable limited partners’ interest at fair value
    -       -       -       (9,876 )     -       -       (9,876 )
Amortization of restricted stock awards
    -       -       -       4,252       -       -       4,252  
Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    -       -       102,522       (1,269 )     -       -       (1,269 )
Distributions
    -       (16 )     -       (93,797 )     -       -       (93,813 )
Distributions to joint venture partners
    -       -       -       -       -       (335 )     (335 )
Noncontrolling interest retained by seller – property acquisition
    -       -       -       -       -       24,908       24,908  
Conversion of common units to common stock
    -       -       64,601       1,102       -       -       1,102  
Increase in ownership of consolidated subsidiaries
    -       -       -       (2,939 )     -       (336 )     (3,275 )
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    -       -       -       -       2,143       -       2,143  
Net income
    -       9       -       56,620       -       413       57,042  
Capital as of December 31, 2011
    12,222       125       72,747,324       1,378,451       (3,360 )     28,583       1,403,799  
Issuance of units in exchange for contributions of equity offering proceeds
    -       -       31,702,306       1,334,907       -       -       1,334,907  
Adjustments to reflect redeemable limited partners’ interest at fair value
    -       -       -       (1,868 )     -       -       (1,868 )
Amortization of restricted stock awards
    -       -       -       5,279       -       -       5,279  
Vesting of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
    -       -       114,903       (2,023 )     -       -       (2,023 )
Distributions
    -       (16 )     -       (117,576 )     -       -       (117,592 )
Distributions to joint venture partners
    -       -       -       -       -       (2,665 )     (2,665 )
Conversion of common units to common stock
    -       -       88,457       1,217       -       -       1,217  
Redemption of common units
    -       -       -       (90 )     -       -       (90 )
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps
    -       -       -       -       (3,301 )     -       (3,301 )
Net income
    -       7       -       56,629               2,755       59,391  
Capital as of December 31, 2012
    12,222     $ 116       104,652,990     $ 2,654,926     $ (6,661 )   $ 28,673     $ 2,677,054  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-11

 

AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Operating activities
                 
Net income
  $ 60,238     $ 57,972     $ 17,098  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
     (Gain) loss from disposition of real estate
    (4,312 )     (14,806 )     3,705  
     Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    1,591       -       -  
     Loss (gain) on remeasurement of equity method investments
    122       -       (4,098 )
     Gain from insurance settlements
    -       -       (1,596 )
     Depreciation and amortization
    116,490       89,271       77,568  
     Provision for asset impairment
    -       559       4,036  
     Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt premiums/discounts
    1,316       326       2,685  
     Share-based compensation
    5,350       4,367       3,745  
     (Income) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures
    (444 )     641       2,023  
     Distributions received from unconsolidated joint ventures
    -       -       200  
     Income tax provision
    725       433       570  
     Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
              Restricted cash
    (1,041 )     865       7,368  
              Student contracts receivable, net
    (8,750 )     394       234  
              Other assets
    17,974       (13,457 )     (2,358 )
              Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    6,684       421       3,054  
              Other liabilities
    7,095       4,047       1,715  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    203,038       131,033       115,949  
Investing activities
                       
     Net proceeds from disposition of real estate
    43,343       80,376       2,114  
     Cash paid for property acquisitions
    (1,106,047 )     (236,865 )     (154,461 )
     Loan made to noncontrolling partner of consolidated subsidiary
    -       (24,908 )     -  
     Cash paid for land acquisitions
    (40,271 )     (13,058 )     (16,050 )
     Capital expenditures for wholly-owned properties
    (31,332 )     (23,277 )     (30,399 )
     Investments in wholly-owned properties under development
    (344,207 )     (202,575 )     (44,850 )
     Capital expenditures for on-campus participating properties
    (2,141 )     (1,832 )     (1,141 )
     Cash paid for increased ownership in consolidated subsidiaries
    -       (3,275 )     -  
     Investment in mezzanine loans
    (2,000 )     (7,100 )     -  
     Proceeds from mezzanine loans
    4,000       -       -  
     Change in restricted cash related to capital reserves
    (129 )     1,523       1,185  
     Decrease (increase) in escrow deposits
    405       (975 )     65  
     Proceeds from insurance settlement
    -       1,907       1,726  
     Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
    -       -       (499 )
     Purchase of corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment
    (1,436 )     (10,239 )     (2,182 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (1,479,815 )     (440,298 )     (244,492 )
Financing activities
                       
     Proceeds from issuance of common units in exchange for contributions, net
    1,335,430       205,378       373,057  
     Pay-off of mortgage and construction loans
    (137,529 )     (299,838 )     (110,662 )
     Proceeds from unsecured term loan
    150,000       200,000       -  
     Pay-off of secured term loan
    -       (100,000 )     -  
     Proceeds from credit facilities
    638,000       378,000       61,800  
     Paydowns of credit facilities
    (665,000 )     (90,000 )     (54,800 )
     Proceeds from construction loans
    105,428       29,350       -  
     Principal payments on debt
    (11,575 )     (9,603 )     (11,636 )
     Change in construction accounts payable
    (5,486 )     7,721       -  
     Loss from early extinguishment of debt
    (1,591 )     -       -  
     Debt issuance and assumption costs
    (10,010 )     (6,982 )     (3,091 )
     Distributions paid on unvested restricted stock awards
    (848 )     (773 )     (745 )
     Distributions paid on common units
    (118,007 )     (94,272 )     (77,374 )
     Distributions paid on preferred units
    (183 )     (183 )     (184 )
     Distributions paid to noncontrolling partners – partially owned properties
    (2,665 )     (335 )     (285 )
     Redemption of common units for cash
    (132 )     (306 )     (123 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,275,832       218,157       175,957  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
    (945 )     (91,108 )     47,414  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    22,399       113,507       66,093  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 21,454     $ 22,399     $ 113,507  
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
                       
     Loans assumed in connection with property acquisitions
  $ (645,823 )   $ -     $ (247,752 )
     Issuance of common units in connection with property acquisitions
  $ (15,000 )   $ -     $ -  
     Financing of equipment through capital lease obligations
  $ -     $ 281     $ -  
     Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net
  $ (3,301 )   $ 2,143     $ (1,147 )
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
                       
     Interest paid
  $ 66,599     $ 63,601     $ 61,864  
     Income taxes paid
   $
466
    $ 420     $ 300  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-12

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.     Organization and Description of Business
 
American Campus Communities, Inc. (“ACC”) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that commenced operations effective with the completion of an initial public offering (“IPO”) on August 17, 2004. Through ACC’s controlling interest in American Campus Communities Operating Partnership L.P. (“ACCOP”), ACC is one of the largest owners, managers and developers of high quality student housing properties in the United States in terms of beds owned and under management. ACC is a fully integrated, self-managed and self-administered equity REIT with expertise in the acquisition, design, financing, development, construction management, leasing and management of student housing properties. ACC’s common stock is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “ACC.”
 
The general partner of ACCOP is American Campus Communities Holdings, LLC (“ACC Holdings”), an entity that is wholly-owned by ACC.  As of December 31, 2012, ACC Holdings held an ownership interest in ACCOP of less than 1%. The limited partners of ACCOP are ACC and other limited partners consisting of current and former members of management and nonaffiliated third parties.  As of December 31, 2012, ACC owned an approximate 98.8% limited partnership interest in ACCOP.  As the sole member of the general partner of ACCOP, ACC has exclusive control of ACCOP’s day-to-day management.  Management operates ACC and ACCOP as one business.  The management of ACC consists of the same members as the management of ACCOP.  ACC consolidates ACCOP for financial reporting purposes, and ACC does not have significant assets other than its investment in ACCOP.  Therefore, the assets and liabilities of ACC and ACCOP are the same on their respective financial statements.  References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively ACC, ACCOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ACC and/or ACCOP.  References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ACCOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ACCOP.  Unless otherwise indicated, the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements apply to both the Company and the Operating Partnership.
 
As of December 31, 2012, our property portfolio contained 160 properties with approximately 98,800 beds in approximately 31,800 apartment units.  Our property portfolio consisted of 143 owned off-campus student housing properties that are in close proximity to colleges and universities, 13 American Campus Equity (“ACE®”) properties operated under ground/facility leases with six university systems and four on-campus participating properties operated under ground/facility leases with the related university systems.  Of the 160 properties, nine were under development as well as an additional phase under development at an existing property as of December 31, 2012, and when completed will consist of a total of approximately 6,200 beds in approximately 1,700 units.  Our communities contain modern housing units and are supported by a resident assistant system and other student-oriented programming, with many offering resort-style amenities.
 
Through one of ACC’s taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”), we also provide construction management and development services, primarily for student housing properties owned by colleges and universities, charitable foundations, and others.  As of December 31, 2012, also through one of ACC’s TRSs, we provided third-party management and leasing services for 27 properties that represented approximately 22,500 beds in approximately 9,100 units.  Third-party management and leasing services are typically provided pursuant to management contracts that have initial terms that range from one to five years.  As of December 31, 2012, our total owned and third-party managed portfolio included 187 properties with approximately 121,300 beds in approximately 40,900 units.
 
2.     Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements, presented in U.S. dollars, are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Our actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. All material intercompany transactions among consolidated entities have been eliminated. All dollar amounts in the tables herein, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts, are stated in thousands unless otherwise indicated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
 
 
F-13

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In January 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-02 (“ASU 2013-02”), “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.”  The amendments in this update require an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income by component.  In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement of comprehensive income or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income.  ASU 2013-02 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2013 and we do not expect its adoption to have an impact on our consolidated financial position or operating results.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Investments in Real Estate
 
Investments in real estate are recorded at historical cost.  Major improvements that extend the life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset.  The cost of ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred.  Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
 
Buildings and improvements
 
7-40 years
Leasehold interest - on-campus
   participating properties
 
25-34 years (shorter of useful life or respective lease term)
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
 
3-7 years
 
Project costs directly associated with the development and construction of an owned real estate project, which include interest, property taxes, and amortization of deferred finance costs, are capitalized as construction in progress.  Upon completion of the project, costs are transferred into the applicable asset category and depreciation commences.  Interest totaling approximately $9.8 million, $6.6 million and $1.1 million was capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Amortization of deferred financing costs totaling approximately $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $13,000 was capitalized as construction in progress during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Management assesses whether there has been an impairment in the value of the Company’s investments in real estate whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Impairment is recognized when estimated expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the property.  The estimation of expected future net cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies on assumptions regarding current and future economics and market conditions.  If such conditions change, then an adjustment to the carrying value of the Company’s long-lived assets could occur in the future period in which the conditions change.  To the extent that a property is impaired, the excess of the carrying amount of the property over its estimated fair value is charged to earnings. The Company believes that there were no impairments of the carrying values of its investments in real estate as of December 31, 2012.
 
The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties to net tangible and identified intangible assets based on relative fair values.  Fair value estimates are based on information obtained from a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property, our own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in our portfolio, and other market data.  Information obtained about each property as a result of due diligence, marketing and leasing activities is also considered.  The value allocated to land is generally based on the actual purchase price adjusted to fair value (as necessary) if acquired separately, or market research / comparables if acquired as part of an existing operating property.  The value allocated to building is based on the fair value determined on an “as-if vacant” basis, which is estimated using an income, or discounted cash flow, approach that relies upon internally determined assumptions that we believe are consistent with current market conditions for similar properties. The value allocated to furniture, fixtures, and equipment is based on an estimate of the fair value of the appliances and fixtures inside the units. We have determined these estimates to have been primarily based upon unobservable inputs and therefore are considered to be Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.
 
Long-Lived Assets–Held for Sale
 
Long-lived assets to be disposed of are classified as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met:
 
 
a.
Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset.
 
 
b.
The asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets.
 
 
F-14

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
c.
An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated.
 
 
d.
The sale of the asset is probable, and transfer of the asset is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within one year.
 
 
e.
The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value.
 
 
f.
Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.
 
Concurrent with this classification, the asset is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated selling costs, and depreciation ceases.
 
Owned On-Campus Properties
 
Under its ACE program, the Company as lessee has entered into ground/facility lease agreements with six university systems to finance, construct, and manage 13 student housing properties.  Three properties were under construction or being redeveloped as of December 31, 2012 with two scheduled to open for occupancy in August 2013 and one in September 2013.  The terms of the leases, including extension options, range from 30 to 85 years, and the lessor has title to the land and usually any improvements placed thereon.  The Company’s involvement in construction requires the lessor’s post construction ownership of the improvements to be treated as a sale with a subsequent leaseback by the Company.  However, these sale-leaseback transactions do not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting because of the Company’s continuing involvement in the constructed assets.  As a result of the Company’s continuing involvement, these leases are accounted for by the deposit method, in which the assets subject to the ground/facility leases are reflected at historical cost, less amortization, and the financing obligations are reflected at the terms of the underlying financing.
 
On-Campus Participating Properties
 
The Company has entered into ground and facility leases with two university systems and colleges to finance, construct, and manage four on-campus student housing facilities.  Under the terms of the leases, the lessor has title to the land and any improvements placed thereon.  Each lease terminates upon final repayment of the construction related financing, the amortization period of which is contractually stipulated.  The Company’s involvement in construction requires the lessor’s post construction ownership of the improvements to be treated as a sale with a subsequent leaseback by the Company.  The sale-leaseback transaction has been accounted for as a financing, and as a result, any fee earned during construction is deferred and recognized over the term of the lease.  The resulting financing obligation is reflected at the terms of the underlying financing, i.e., interest is accrued at the contractual rates and principal reduces in accordance with the contractual principal repayment schedules.
 
The entities that own the on-campus participating properties are determined to be Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”), with the Company being the primary beneficiary.  As such, the Company reflects these assets subject to ground/facility leases at historical cost, less amortization.  Costs are amortized, and deferred fee revenue in excess of the cost of providing the service are recognized, over the lease term.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.  The Company maintains cash balances in various banks.  At times the Company’s balances may exceed the amount insured by the FDIC.  As the Company only uses money-centered financial institutions, the Company does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk related to its cash and cash equivalents.
 
Restricted Cash
 
Restricted cash consists of funds held in trust and invested in low risk investments, generally consisting of government backed securities, as permitted by the indentures of trusts, which were established in connection with three bond issues.  Additionally, restricted cash includes escrow accounts held by lenders and resident security deposits, as required by law in certain states.  Restricted cash also consists of escrow deposits made in connection with potential property acquisitions and development opportunities.  These escrow deposits are invested in interest-bearing accounts at federally-insured banks.  Realized and unrealized gains and losses are not material for the periods presented.
 
 
F-15

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Intangible Assets
 
A portion of the purchase price of acquired properties is allocated to the value of in-place leases for both student and commercial tenants, which is based on the difference between (i) the property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental rates and (ii) the property valued “as-if” vacant.  As lease terms for student leases are typically one year or less, rates on in-place leases generally approximate market rental rates.  Factors considered in the valuation of in-place leases include an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up period considering current market conditions, nature of the tenancy, and costs to execute similar leases.  Carrying costs include estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up period, as well as marketing and other operating expenses.  The value of in-place leases is amortized over the remaining initial term of the respective leases.  The purchase price of property acquisitions is not expected to be allocated to student tenant relationships, considering the terms of the leases and the expected levels of renewals.
 
In connection with the property acquisitions discussed in Note 5 herein, the Company capitalized approximately $18.6 million, $2.6 million and $5.5 million for the years December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to management’s estimate of the fair value of the in-place leases assumed.  Amortization expense was approximately $6.8 million, $4.1 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  In 2008, the Company also capitalized $1.5 million related to management’s estimate of the fair value of third-party management contracts acquired from GMH Communities Trust (“GMH”).  These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of three years.  Amortization expense related to these acquired management contracts was approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Accumulated amortization at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was approximately $12.4 million and $8.0 million, respectively.  Intangible assets, net of amortization, are included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the amortization of intangible assets is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  See Note 5 herein for a detailed discussion of the property acquisitions completed during 2012, 2011 and 2010.
 
Deferred Financing Costs
 
The Company defers financing costs and amortizes the costs over the terms of the related debt using the effective interest method.  Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material change in the terms of the underlying debt agreement, any unamortized costs are charged to earnings.  Accumulated amortization at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was approximately $13.3 million and $10.7 million, respectively.  Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, are included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
Joint Ventures
 
The Company holds interests in both consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures.  The Company consolidates joint ventures when it exhibits financial or operational control, which is determined using accounting standards related to the consolidation of joint ventures and VIEs.  For joint ventures that are defined as VIEs, the primary beneficiary consolidates the entity.  The Company considers itself to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE, such as management of day-to-day operations, preparing and approving operating and capital budgets, and encumbering or selling the related properties.  In instances where the Company is not the primary beneficiary, it does not consolidate the joint venture for financial reporting purposes.
 
For joint ventures that are not defined as VIEs, management first considers whether the Company is the general partner or a limited partner (or the equivalent in such investments which are not structured as partnerships).  The Company consolidates joint ventures where it is the general partner and the limited partners in such investments do not have rights which would preclude control and, therefore, consolidation for financial reporting purposes.  For joint ventures where the Company is the general partner, but does not control the joint venture as the other partners hold substantive participating rights, the Company uses the equity method of accounting.  For joint ventures where the Company is a limited partner, management considers factors such as ownership interest, voting control, authority to make decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the partners to determine if the presumption that the general partner controls the entity is overcome.  In instances where these factors indicate the Company controls the joint venture, the Company consolidates the joint venture; otherwise it uses the equity method of accounting.
 
 
F-16

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Debt Premiums and Discounts
 
Debt premiums and discounts represent fair value adjustments to account for the difference between the stated rates and market rates of debt assumed in connection with the Company’s property acquisitions.  The debt premiums and discounts are amortized to interest expense over the term of the related loans using the effective-interest method.  The amortization of debt premiums and discounts resulted in a net decrease to interest expense of approximately $3.2 million, $4.8 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, net unamortized debt premiums were approximately $90.1 million and $10.3 million, respectively, and net unamortized debt discounts were approximately $3.5 million and $5.2 million, respectively.  Debt premiums and discounts are included in secured mortgage, construction and bond debt on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and amortization of debt premiums and discounts is included in interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership / Redeemable Limited Partners

The Company classifies Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership / Redeemable Limited Partners in the mezzanine section of the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the portion of common and preferred Operating Partnership units (“OP Units”) that the Operating Partnership is required, either by contract or securities law, to deliver registered common shares of ACC to the exchanging OP unit holder.  The redeemable noncontrolling interest units / redeemable limited partner units are adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value based on the common share price of ACC at the end of each respective reporting period.
 
Rental Revenues and Related Receivables
 
Students are required to execute lease contracts with payment schedules that vary from single to monthly payments. Receivables are recorded when billed, revenues and related lease incentives are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contracts, and balances are considered past due when payment is not received on the contractual due date. Generally, the Company requires each executed contract to be accompanied by a refundable security deposit and a signed parental guaranty. Security deposits are refundable, net of any outstanding charges, upon expiration of the underlying contract.
 
As of December 31, 2012, student contracts receivable, net included approximately $6.6 million related to receivables due from Arizona State University for two owned on-campus ACE properties (Barrett Honors College and Casa de Oro).  At these properties, the University is responsible for collecting student rent and remitting funds to the Company.  These receivables were collected from Arizona State University subsequent to December 31, 2012.
 
Allowances for receivables are established when management determines that collection of such receivables are doubtful. When management has determined receivables to be uncollectible, they are removed as an asset with a corresponding reduction in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
 
The allowance for doubtful accounts is summarized as follows:
 
   
Balance, Beginning
of Period
   
Charged to
Expense
   
Write-Offs
   
Balance, End
of Period
 
                         
Year ended December 31, 2010
  $ 6,110     $ 5,178     $ (2,667 )   $ 8,621  
Year ended December 31, 2011
  $ 8,621     $ 5,740     $ (4,865 )   $ 9,496  
Year ended December 31, 2012
  $ 9,496     $ 6,472     $ (5,366 )   $ 10,602  
 
Third-Party Development Services Revenue and Costs
 
Development revenues are generally recognized based on a proportional performance method based on contract deliverables, while construction revenues are recognized using the percentage of completion method, as determined by construction costs incurred relative to total estimated construction costs.  Costs associated with such projects are deferred and recognized in relation to the revenues earned on executed contracts.  For projects where the Company’s fee is based on a fixed price, any cost overruns incurred during construction, as compared to the original budget, will reduce the net fee generated on those projects.  Incentive fees are generally recognized when the project is complete and performance has been agreed upon by all parties, or when performance has been verified by an independent third-party.  The Company also evaluates the collectability of fee income and expense reimbursements generated through the provision of development and construction management services based upon the individual facts and circumstances, including the contractual right to receive such amounts in accordance with the terms of the various projects, and reserves any amounts that are deemed to be uncollectible.
 
Pre-development expenditures such as architectural fees, permits and deposits associated with the pursuit of third-party and owned development projects are expensed as incurred, until such time that management believes it is probable that the contract will be executed and/or construction will commence.  Because the Company frequently incurs these pre-development expenditures before a financing commitment and/or required permits and authorizations have been obtained, the Company bears the risk of loss of these pre-development expenditures if financing cannot ultimately be arranged on acceptable terms or the Company is unable to successfully obtain the required permits and authorizations.  As such, management evaluates the status of third-party and owned projects that have not yet commenced construction on a periodic basis and expenses any deferred costs related to projects whose current status indicates the commencement of construction is unlikely and/or the costs may not provide future value to the Company in the form of revenues.  Such write-offs are included in third-party development and management services expenses (in the case of third-party development projects) or general and administrative expenses (in the case of owned development projects) on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.  As of December 31, 2012, the Company has deferred approximately $2.6 million in pre-development costs related to third-party and owned development projects that have not yet commenced construction.  Such costs are included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
F-17

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Third-Party Management Services Revenue
 
Management fees are recognized when earned in accordance with each management contract.  Incentive management fees are recognized when the incentive criteria have been met.
 
Advertising Costs
 
Advertising costs are expensed during the period incurred, or as the advertising takes place, depending on the nature and term of the specific advertising arrangements.   Advertising expense approximated $11.9 million, $9.2 million and $8.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
The Company records all derivative financial instruments on the balance sheet at fair value.  Changes in fair value are recognized either in earnings or as other comprehensive income, depending on whether the derivative has been designated as a fair value or cash flow hedge and whether it qualifies as part of a hedging relationship, the nature of the exposure being hedged, and how effective the derivative is at offsetting movements in underlying exposure.  The Company discontinues hedge accounting when: (i) it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of a hedged item; (ii) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (iii) it is no longer probable that the forecasted transaction will occur; or (iv) management determines that designating the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.  In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, the Company will carry the derivative at its fair value on the balance sheet, recognizing changes in the fair value in current-period earnings.  The Company uses interest rate swaps to effectively convert a portion of its floating rate debt to fixed rate, thus reducing the impact of rising interest rates on interest payments.  These instruments are designated as cash flow hedges and the interest differential to be paid or received is accrued as interest expense. The Company’s counter-parties are major financial institutions.  See Note 14 herein for an expanded discussion on derivative instruments and hedging activities.
 
Common Stock Issuances and Costs
 
Specific incremental costs directly attributable to the Company’s equity offerings are deferred and charged against the gross proceeds of the offering.  As such, underwriting commissions and other common stock issuance costs are reflected as a reduction of additional paid in capital.  See Note 12 herein for an expanded discussion on common stock issuances and costs.
 
Share-Based Compensation
 
The Company has recognized compensation expense related to certain stock-based awards (see Note 13) over the underlying vesting periods, which amounted to approximately $5.8 million, $4.6 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).  To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its adjusted taxable income to its stockholders.  As a REIT, the Company will generally not be subject to corporate level federal income tax on taxable income it currently distributes to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years.  Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local income and excise taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
 
 
F-18

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company owns two TRSs, one of which manages the Company’s non-REIT activities and each is subject to federal, state and local income taxes.
 
Other Nonoperating Income
 
Other nonoperating income of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 represents the following items: gains of approximately $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, recorded in connection with the Company’s acquisition of University Edge and The Retreat, as a result of the deferred recognition of interest income earned on mezzanine financing provided to third-party developers upon closing of the purchase of these properties (see Note 5); offset by a $0.1 million loss recorded as a result of remeasuring the Company’s equity method investment in a joint venture, in which the Company previously held a 10% interest, to fair value immediately prior to the Company’s acquisition of the remaining 90% interest in University Heights (see Note 5).
 
Other nonoperating income of $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 represents the following items: (i) a $4.1 million gain recorded as a result of remeasuring the Company’s equity method investments in two joint ventures, in which the Company previously held a 10% interest, to fair value immediately prior to the Company’s September and November 2010 acquisitions of the remaining 90% interest in 14 properties previously owned by the joint ventures; and (ii) a gain on insurance settlement of $1.6 million related to a fire that occurred at one of the Company’s owned off-campus properties in April 2010.  The gain represents insurance proceeds received in excess of the book value of the property written off as a result of the fire damage.
 
 
3.
Earnings per Share
 
Earnings per Share –Company
 
Basic earnings per share is computed using net income attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share reflect common shares issuable from the assumed conversion of OP Units and common share awards granted.  Only those items having a dilutive impact on basic earnings per share are included in diluted earnings per share.
 
The following potentially dilutive securities were outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effects of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
  Common OP Units (Note 9)
    951,891       913,132       -  
  Preferred OP Units (Note 9)
    114,128       114,263       114,963  
  Total potentially dilutive securities
    1,066,019       1,027,395       114,963  
 
 
F-19

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The following is a summary of the elements used in calculating basic earnings per share:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Basic earnings per share calculation:
                 
  Income from continuing operations
  $ 56,746     $ 41,581     $ 22,009  
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    noncontrolling interests
    (3,558 )     (1,100 )     (1,019 )
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common shareholders
    53,188       40,481       20,990  
  Amount allocated to participating securities
    (848 )     (773 )     (745 )
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common shareholders, net of amount allocated to
    participating securities
    52,340       39,708       20,245  
                         
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    3,492       16,391       (4,911 )
  (Income) loss from discontinued operations attributable
    to noncontrolling interests
    (44 )     (243 )     131  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common shareholders
    3,448       16,148       (4,780 )
  Net income attributable to common shareholders, as
    adjusted – basic
  $ 55,788     $ 55,856     $ 15,465  
       
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common shareholders, as adjusted – per share
  $ 0.62     $ 0.58     $ 0.35  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common shareholders – per share
  $ 0.04     $ 0.23     $ (0.08 )
  Net income attributable to common shareholders, as
    adjusted – per share
  $ 0.66     $ 0.81     $ 0.27  
                         
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
    84,711,584       69,243,203       57,682,808  
                   
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Diluted earnings per share calculation:
                 
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common shareholders, net of amount allocated to
    participating securities
  $ 52,340     $ 39,708     $ 20,245  
  Income from continuing operations allocated to
    common OP Units
    -       -       350  
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common shareholders, as adjusted
    52,340       39,708       20,595  
                         
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common shareholders
    3,448       16,148       (4,780 )
  Loss from discontinued operations allocated to
    common OP Units
     -        -       (120 )
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common shareholders, as adjusted
    3,448       16,148       (4,900 )
  Net income attributable to common shareholders, as
    adjusted – diluted
  $ 55,788     $ 55,856     $ 15,695  
                         
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common shareholders, net of amount allocated to
    participating securities – per share
  $ 0.61     $ 0.57     $ 0.34  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common shareholders – per share
  $ 0.04     $ 0.23     $ (0.08 )
  Net income attributable to common shareholders-
    per share
  $ 0.65     $ 0.80     $ 0.26  
                         
  Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
    84,711,584       69,243,203       57,682,808  
  Unvested Restricted Stock Awards (Note 13)
    597,867       564,191       527,449  
  Common OP Units (Note 9)
    -       -       1,127,970  
 Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
     85,309,451        69,807,394        59,338,227  
 
 
F-20

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Earnings per Unit – Operating Partnership
 
Basic earnings per OP Unit is computed using net income attributable to common unitholders and the weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per OP Unit reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue OP Units were exercised or converted into OP Units or resulted in the issuance of OP Units and then shared in the earnings of the Operating Partnership.
 
The following is a summary of the elements used in calculating basic earnings per unit:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Basic earnings per unit calculation:
                 
  Income from continuing operations
  $ 56,746     $ 41,581     $ 22,009  
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    noncontrolling interests – partially owned properties
    (2,755 )     (413 )     (474 )
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    Series A preferred units
    (179 )     (156 )     (195 )
  Amount allocated to participating securities
    (848 )     (773 )     (745 )
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common unitholders, net of amount allocated to
    participating securities
    52,964       40,239       20,595  
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    3,492       16,391       (4,911 )
  (Income) loss from discontinued operations attributable
    to Series A preferred units
    (4 )     (27 )     11  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common unitholders
    3,488       16,364       (4,900 )
Net income attributable to common unitholders, as
    adjusted – basic
  $ 56,452     $ 56,603     $ 15,695  
                         
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common unitholders, as adjusted – per unit
  $ 0.62     $ 0.58     $ 0.35  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common unitholders – per unit
  $ 0.04     $ 0.23     $ (0.08 )
  Net income attributable to common unitholders, as adjusted – per unit
  $ 0.66     $ 0.81     $ 0.27  
                         
Basic weighted average common units outstanding
    85,663,475       70,156,335       58,810,778  
                   
Diluted earnings per unit calculation:
                 
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common unitholders, net of amount allocated to
    participating securities
  $ 52,964     $ 40,239     $ 20,595  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common unitholders
    3,488       16,364       (4,900 )
  Net income attributable to common unitholders, as adjusted – diluted
  $ 56,452     $ 56,603     $ 15,695  
                         
  Income from continuing operations attributable to
    common unitholders, net of amount allocated to
    participating securities – per unit
  $ 0.61     $ 0.57     $ 0.34  
  Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable
    to common unitholders – per unit
  $ 0.04     $ 0.23     $ (0.08 )
  Net income attributable to common unitholders- per unit
  $ 0.65     $ 0.80     $ (0.26 )
                         
  Basic weighted average common units outstanding
    85,663,475       70,156,335       58,810,778  
  Restricted Stock Awards (Note 13)
    597,867       564,191       527,449  
  Diluted weighted average common units outstanding
    86,261,342       70,720,526       59,338,227  
 
 
F-21

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
4.     Income Taxes
 
As mentioned in Note 2, the Company qualifies as a REIT under the Code.  As a REIT, the Company is not subject to federal income tax as long as it distributes at least 90% of its taxable income to its shareholders each year.  Therefore, no provision for federal income taxes for the REIT has been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.  If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
 
The Company’s TRSs are subject to federal, state, and local income taxes.  As such, deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the TRSs for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse.  Significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities of the TRSs are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
  Fixed and intangible assets
  $ 3,429     $ 3,534  
  Net operating loss carryforwards
    4,518       4,355  
  Prepaid and deferred rent
    2,598       2,510  
  Bad debt reserves
    754       884  
  Accrued expenses and other
    2,216       2,813  
  Stock compensation
    1,669       1,370  
Total deferred tax assets
    15,184       15,466  
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
    (14,856 )     (15,088 )
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
    328       378  
                 
Deferred tax liability:
               
  Deferred financing costs
    328       378  
                 
Net deferred tax liabilities
  $ -     $ -  
 
Significant components of the Company’s income tax provision are as follows:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Current:
                 
  Federal
  $ -     $ -     $ (100 )
  State
    (725 )     (433 )     (470 )
Deferred:
                       
  Federal
    -       -       -  
  State
    -       -       -  
Total provision -- continuing
  operations
  $ (725 )   $ (433 )   $ (570 )
 
 
 
F-22

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
TRS earnings subject to tax consisted of approximately $1.1 million loss, $6.7 million loss and $3.5 million income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  The reconciliation of income tax attributable to continuing operations for the TRSs computed at the U.S. statutory rate to income tax provision is as follows:
                         
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Tax benefit (provision) at U.S. statutory rates on TRS
income subject to tax
  $ 60     $ 121     $ (207 )
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit
    -       1       (2 )
Effect of permanent differences and other
    (46 )     (60 )     (47 )
(Decrease) increase in valuation allowance
    (14 )     (62 )     156  
TRS income tax provision
  $ -     $ -     $ (100 )
 
At December 31, 2012, the TRSs had net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of approximately $14.2 million for income tax purposes that begin to expire in 2026.  These NOLs may be used to offset future taxable income generated by each of the respective TRSs.  Due to the various limitations to which the use of NOLs are subject, the Company has applied a valuation allowance to the NOLs given the likelihood that the NOLs will expire unused.  Of the NOLs, approximately $1.9 million may be credited directly to additional paid in capital should subsequent tax benefits be recognized.  The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states’ jurisdictions as required and, as of December 31, 2012, the 2011, 2010 and 2009 calendar tax years are subject to examination by the tax authorities.
 
Beginning on January 1, 2007, the Company adopted accounting guidance related to uncertainty in income taxes, which clarifies the accounting and disclosure for uncertainty in tax positions and seeks to reduce the diversity of practice associated with certain aspects of the recognition and measurement related to accounting for income taxes.  The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, or 2010, and as of December 31, 2012, the Company does not expect to record any unrecognized tax benefits.  Because no unrecognized tax benefits have been recorded, no related interest or penalties have been calculated and this guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 
 
5.  Property Acquisitions
 
2012 Acquisitions
 
On November 30, 2012, the Company completed the acquisition of a 19-property student housing portfolio (herein after referred to as the “Kayne Anderson Portfolio”) for an aggregate purchase price of $830.5 million, resulting in total consideration of approximately $828.0 million after taking into account certain purchase price adjustments received at closing.  The Kayne Anderson Portfolio contains 11,683 beds located in various markets throughout the country.  As part of the transaction, the Company assumed approximately $395.8 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt with a weighted average annual interest rate of 5.28% and a weighted average term to maturity of 8.1 years.  The remaining consideration was paid in cash which was funded with proceeds from the Company’s October 2012 equity offering (see Note 12) and borrowings under its unsecured revolving credit facility.
 
 General and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes approximately $2.8 million of acquisition-related costs such as broker fees, due diligence costs and legal and accounting fees incurred in connection with our acquisition of the Kayne Anderson Portfolio.  In addition, interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes approximately $0.2 million of acquisition-related costs associated with a bridge loan commitment obtained in connection with our acquisition of the Kayne Anderson Portfolio. The following table summarizes our allocation of total consideration to the assets and liabilities acquired from the Kayne Anderson Portfolio:
 
 
F-23

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Description
 
Amount (000s)
 
Land
  $ 53,088  
Buildings
    735,827  
Building improvements
    51,634  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    34,245  
Tenant improvements and deferred lease costs
    269  
In-place leases – student and retail
    8,771  
Debt premiums
    (59,241 )
Other assets, net
    3,391  
Total aggregate consideration
    827,984  
Less: mortgage debt assumed
    (395,750 )
Net assets acquired
  $ 432,234  
 
On September 14, 2012, the Company completed the acquisition of a 15-property student housing portfolio (hereinafter referred to as the “Campus Acquisitions Portfolio”) for a purchase price of $627.0 million, resulting in total consideration of approximately $623.1 million after taking into account certain purchase price adjustments received at closing.  The Campus Acquisitions Portfolio contains 6,579 beds located in various markets throughout the country.  As part of the transaction, the Company assumed approximately $231.1 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt with a weighted average annual interest rate of 5.61% and a weighted average term to maturity of 5.2 years.  In addition, the Company issued 325,098 common OP Units to the seller, valued at $46.14 per unit.  The remaining consideration was paid in cash which was funded with proceeds from the Company’s July 2012 equity offering (see Note 12) and borrowings under its unsecured revolving credit facility.
 
General and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes approximately $4.6 million of acquisition-related costs such as broker fees, due diligence costs and legal and accounting fees incurred in connection with our acquisition of the Campus Acquisitions Portfolio.  In addition, interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes approximately $0.2 million of acquisition-related costs associated with a bridge loan commitment obtained in connection with our acquisition of the Campus Acquisitions Portfolio. The following table summarizes our allocation of total consideration to the assets and liabilities acquired from the Campus Acquisitions Portfolio:
 
Description
 
Amount (000s)
 
Land
  $ 32,181  
Buildings
    583,235  
Building improvements
    6,413  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    13,119  
Tenant improvements and deferred lease costs
    849  
In-place leases – student and retail
    6,065  
Debt premiums
    (24,270 )
Other assets
    5,492  
Total aggregate consideration
    623,084  
Less: mortgage debt assumed
    (231,069 )
Net assets acquired
  $ 392,015  
 
The Company previously provided mezzanine financing of $4.5 million to a private developer and was obligated to purchase a 201-unit, 608-bed property (University Edge) once construction was completed and certain closing conditions were met.  The property opened for operations in August 2012 and the Company acquired University Edge in December 2012 for a purchase price of $31.2 million, at which time the Company’s mezzanine investment along with accrued but unpaid interest was credited to the Company.  University Edge is located in Kent, Ohio near the campus of Kent State University and the Company did not assume any property-level debt as part of this transaction.
 
The Company previously provided mezzanine financing of $3.1 million to a private developer, while also retaining an option to purchase a 187-unit, 780-bed property (The Retreat) upon completion of construction in August 2012.  The Company chose to exercise its option and acquired The Retreat for $52.0 million in September 2012, at which time, the Company’s mezzanine investment along with accrued but unpaid interest was credited to the Company.  The Retreat is located near the campus of Texas State University in San Marcos and the Company did not assume any property-level debt as part of this transaction.
 
In August 2012, the Company acquired The Block, a 669-unit, 1,555-bed wholly-owned property located near the campus of The University of Texas at Austin, for a purchase price of $165.0 million, which excludes approximately $4.1 million of anticipated transaction costs, initial integration expenses and capital expenditures necessary to bring this property up to the Company’s operating standards.  The Company did not assume any property-level debt as part of this transaction.
 
In June 2012, the Company acquired University Commons, a 164-unit, 480-bed wholly-owned property located near the campus of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, for a purchase price of $31.0 million, which excludes approximately $2.6 million of anticipated transaction costs, initial integration expenses and capital expenditures necessary to bring this property up to the Company’s operating standards.  As part of this transaction, the Company assumed approximately $19.0 million in fixed-rate mortgage debt with an annual interest rate of 5.54% and remaining term to maturity of 2.4 years.
 
 
F-24

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
In May 2012, the Company acquired Avalon Heights, a 210-unit, 754-bed wholly-owned property located near the campus of the University of South Florida in Tampa, for a purchase price of $30.0 million, which excludes approximately $2.5 million of anticipated transaction costs, initial integration expenses and capital expenditures necessary to bring this property up to the Company’s operating standards.  The Company did not assume any property-level debt as part of this transaction.
 
In January 2012, the Company acquired the remaining 90% interest in University Heights, a 204-unit, 636-bed property located near the campus of the University of Tennessee, for a purchase price of $14.5 million.  The purchase price excludes approximately $2.3 million of anticipated capital expenditures necessary to bring this property up to the Company’s operating standards.  This property was acquired from one of our joint ventures with Fidelity in which we previously held a 10% interest (“Fund II”, see Note 10).  Immediately prior to the acquisition, Fund II paid off the property’s mortgage loan at a discounted amount in accordance with a Settlement Agreement negotiated with the lender.  As a result, Fund II recorded a gain on debt restructuring of approximately $4.2 million, of which, our 10% share is included in income from unconsolidated joint ventures on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012.
 
Since their respective acquisition dates, the acquired properties discussed above contributed a combined $43.1 million of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012.  These properties had combined net income of $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, which includes $1.8 million of acquisition-related costs such as broker fees, due diligence costs and legal and accounting fees that are included in wholly-owned properties operating expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
2011 Acquisitions
 
In December 2011, the Company acquired a 79.5% interest in a partnership that owns The Varsity, a property located near the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park.  The seller retained a 20.5% noncontrolling interest in the property, which was funded by a note from the Company totaling $24.9 million.  The note bears interest at an annual rate of 12% and is due on the earlier of the date the Company calls the note (to occur no earlier than June 28, 2013) or December 28, 2016.  The note is secured by the noncontrolling partner’s membership interests in The Varsity and is included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. 

Also during 2011, the Company acquired three additional properties and a retail shopping center which is currently being redeveloped for a combined purchase price of approximately $140.4 million.  The Company did not assume any property-level debt as part of these transactions.
 
2010 Acquisitions
 
In September and November 2010, the Company acquired the remaining 90% interest in 14 student housing properties previously owned in two joint ventures with Fidelity (hereinafter referred to as the “Fidelity Joint Ventures”) in which the Company previously held a 10% interest.  The purchase price for the 90% interest acquired was approximately $340.4 million.  The acquisitions of the properties previously owned by the Fidelity Joint Ventures were accounted for as a business combination achieved in stages and as a result, the Company was required to remeasure its equity method investments in the joint venture properties to their respective acquisition-date fair values and recognize the resulting gain in earnings.  The Company therefore recorded a combined non-cash gain of approximately $4.1 million for the Fidelity Joint Ventures, which is included in other nonoperating income on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2010.  Subsequent to the acquisition, the Company now consolidates the 14 properties acquired.
 
Also during 2010, the Company acquired three additional properties containing 1,883 beds in three separate transactions for a combined purchase price of approximately $65.2 million.  The Company did not assume any property-level debt as part of these transactions.
 
The acquired property’s results of operations have been included in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income since the respective acquisition closing dates.  The following pro forma information for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, presents consolidated financial information for the Company as if the property acquisitions discussed above and the August 2010, July 2012 and October 2012 equity offerings had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented.  The unaudited pro forma information is provided for informational purposes only and is not indicative of results that would have occurred or which may occur in the future:
 
 
F-25

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Total revenues
  $ 610,489     $ 525,264     $ 502,007  
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 83,481     $ 72,590     $ 6,298  
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders, as adjusted - basic
  $ 0.79     $ 0.72     $ 0.06  
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders, as adjusted - diluted
  $ 0.79     $ 0.72     $ 0.06  
 
 
6.  Property Dispositions and Discontinued Operations
 
In October 2012, the Company sold two wholly-owned properties, located in Wilmington, North Carolina (Brookstone Village and Campus Walk) containing 528 beds for a combined sales price of approximately $26.6 million.  Concurrent with the dispositions, the Company paid off the outstanding debt on the two properties totaling approximately $10.8 million and incurred related defeasance costs of approximately $1.6 million.  The defeasance costs are reflected as a loss from early extinguishment of debt in discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012.  The resulting gain on disposition of approximately $4.2 million is included in discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012.
 
In April 2012, the Company sold Pirates Cove, an unencumbered owned off-campus property, for a sales price of approximately $27.5 million resulting in net proceeds of approximately $27.1 million.  The resulting gain on disposition of approximately $0.1 million is included in discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012.
 
In April and May 2011, the Company sold four unencumbered owned off-campus properties (Campus Club – Statesboro, River Club Apartments, River Walk Townhomes and Villas on Apache) for a total sales price of approximately $82.0 million resulting in combined net proceeds of approximately $80.0 million.  The combined gain on these dispositions of approximately $14.8 million is included in discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
In 2010, the Company sold two encumbered owned off-campus properties (Campus Walk – Oxford and Cambridge at Southern) for a total sales price of approximately $28.7 million resulting in combined net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.  The combined loss on these dispositions of approximately $3.7 million is included in discontinued operations on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
The properties discussed above are included in the wholly-owned properties segment (see Note 18).  Below is a summary of the results of operations for the properties discussed above through their respective disposition dates for all periods presented:
 
    Year Ended December 31,  
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Total revenues
  $ 4,509     $ 12,179     $ 20,191  
Total operating expenses
    (2,460 )     (6,361 )     (10,640 )
Depreciation and amortization
    (606 )     (3,042 )     (5,124 )
Provision for asset impairment
    -       (559 )     (4,036 )
  Operating income
    1,443       2,217       391  
Total nonoperating expenses
    (672 )      (632 )      (1,597 )
  Net income (loss)
  $ 771     $ 1,585     $ (1,206 )
 
 
F-26

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
7.  Investments in Wholly-Owned Properties
 
Wholly-owned properties consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Land (1) (2) (3)
  $ 550,274     $ 380,074  
Buildings and improvements
    4,351,239       2,380,582  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    227,409       139,249  
Construction in progress (2) (3)
    138,923       157,900  
      5,267,845       3,057,805  
Less accumulated depreciation
    (396,469 )     (296,048 )
Wholly-owned properties, net (4)
  $ 4,871,376     $ 2,761,757  
 
(1)
The land balance above includes undeveloped land parcels with book values of approximately $30.7 million and $15.8 million as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.  Also includes land totaling approximately $41.6 million and $28.2 million as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, related to properties under development.
 
(2)
Land and construction in progress as of December 31, 2012 include $7.6 million and $7.7 million, respectively, related to the Townhomes at Newtown Crossing property located in Lexington, Kentucky, that will serve students attending the University of Kentucky.  In July 2012, the Company entered into a purchase and contribution agreement with a private developer whereby the Company is obligated to purchase the property as long as the developer meets certain construction completion deadlines and other closing conditions.  The development of the property is anticipated to be completed in August 2013.  The entity is financed with a $2.0 million mezzanine loan from the Company and a $31.5 million construction loan from a third-party lender.  The Company is responsible for leasing, management, and initial operations of the project while the third-party developer is responsible for the development of the property.  The entity that owns Townhomes at Newtown Crossing is deemed to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  As such, the assets and liabilities of the entity owning the property are included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements.
 
(3)
Land and construction in progress as of December 31, 2012 include $3.3 million and $4.3 million, respectively, related to an additional phase currently under development at The Lodges of East Lansing located in East Lansing, Michigan that will serve students attending Michigan State University.  Concurrent with the purchase of the Kayne Anderson Portfolio on November 30, 2012, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement whereby the Company is obligated to purchase this additional phase as long as the developer meets certain construction completion deadlines and other closing  conditions.  The development of the additional phase is anticipated to be completed in September 2013.  The Company is responsible for leasing, management, and initial operations of the project while the third-party developer is responsible for the development of the property.  The entity that owns The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II is deemed to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”), and the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  As such, the assets and liabilities of the entity owning the property are included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements.
 
(4)
The balance above excludes Pirates Cove which was classified as wholly-owned property held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2011.
 
8.  On-Campus Participating Properties
 
The Company is a party to ground/facility lease agreements (“Leases”) with two university systems (each, a “Lessor”) for the purpose of developing, constructing, and operating student housing facilities on university campuses. Under the terms of the Leases, title to the constructed facilities is held by the applicable Lessor and such Lessor receives a de minimus base rent paid at inception and 50% of defined net cash flows on an annual basis through the term of the lease.  The Leases terminate upon the earlier to occur of the final repayment of the related debt, the amortization period of which is contractually stipulated, or the end of the lease term.
 
 
F-27

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Pursuant to the Leases, in the event the leasehold estates do not achieve Financial Break Even (defined as revenues less operating expenses, excluding management fees, less debt service), the applicable Lessor would be required to make a rental payment, also known as the Contingent Payment, sufficient to achieve Financial Break Even.  The Contingent Payment provision remains in effect until such time as any financing placed on the facilities would receive an investment grade rating without the Contingent Payment provision.  In the event that the Lessor is required to make a Contingent Payment, future net cash flow distributions would be first applied to repay such Contingent Payments and then to unpaid management fees prior to normal distributions.  Beginning in November 1999 and December 2002, as a result of the debt financing on the facilities achieving investment grade ratings without the Contingent Payment provision, the Texas A&M University System is no longer required to make Contingent Payments under either the Prairie View A&M University Village or University College Leases.  The Contingent Payment obligation continues to be in effect for the Texas A&M International University and University of Houston leases.
 
In the event the Company seeks to sell its leasehold interest, the Leases provide the applicable Lessor the right of first refusal of a bona fide purchase offer and an option to purchase the lessee’s rights under the applicable Lease.  Additionally, as discussed in Note 11, three of the on-campus participating properties are 100% financed with project-based taxable bonds.
 
In conjunction with the execution of each Lease, the Company has entered into separate five-year agreements to manage the related facilities for 5% of defined gross receipts. The five-year terms of the management agreements are not contingent upon the continuation of the Leases. Upon expiration of the initial five year terms, the agreements continue on a month-to-month basis.
 
On-campus participating properties are as follows:
 
           
Historical Cost – December 31,
 
Lessor/University
 
Lease
Commencement
 
Required Debt
Repayment (1)
 
2012
   
2011
 
Texas A&M University System /
Prairie View A&M University (2)
 
2/1/96
 
9/1/23
  $ 41,485     $ 40,255  
                         
Texas A&M University System /
Texas A&M International
 
2/1/96
 
9/1/23
    6,651       6,567  
                         
Texas A&M University System /
  Prairie View A&M University (3)
 
10/1/99
 
8/31/25/
8/31/28
    25,766       25,142  
                         
University of Houston System /
  University of Houston (4)
 
9/27/00
 
8/31/35
    35,936       35,734  
                         
              109,838       107,698  
Less accumulated amortization
            (52,492 )     (47,848 )
On-campus participating properties, net
          $ 57,346     $ 59,850  
 
(1)
Represents the effective lease termination date.  The Leases terminate upon the earlier to occur of the final repayment of the related debt or the end of the contractual lease term.
 
(2)
Consists of three phases placed in service between 1996 and 1998.
 
(3)
Consists of two phases placed in service in 2000 and 2003.
 
(4)
Consists of two phases placed in service in 2001 and 2005.
 
 
F-28

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
9.   Noncontrolling Interests
 
Operating Partnership
 
Partially-owned properties: As of December 31, 2012, the Operating Partnership consolidates four joint ventures that own and operate The Varsity, University Village at Sweet Home, University Centre and Villas at Chestnut Ridge owned-off campus properties.  The portion of net assets attributable to the third-party partners in these joint ventures is classified as “noncontrolling interests - partially owned properties” within capital on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership.  Accordingly, the third-party partners’ share of the income or loss of the joint ventures is reported on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income of the Operating Partnership as “net income attributable to noncontrolling interests – partially owned properties.”
 
OP Units:  For the portion of OP Units that the Operating Partnership is required, either by contract or securities law, to deliver registered common shares of ACC to the exchanging OP unit holder, or for which the Operating Partnership has the intent or history of exchanging such units for cash, we classify the units as “redeemable limited partners” in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership and “redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheets of ACC.  The units classified as such include Series A preferred units as well as common units that are not held by ACC or ACC Holdings.  The value of redeemable limited partners/redeemable noncontrolling interests on the consolidated balance sheets is reported at the greater of fair value or historical cost at the end of each reporting period.  Changes in the value from period to period are charged to limited partner’s capital on the consolidated statement of changes in capital of the Operating Partnership and to additional paid in capital on the consolidated statement of changes in equity of ACC.  Below is a table summarizing the activity of redeemable limited partners/redeemable noncontrolling interests for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
 
Balance, December 31, 2010
  $ 34,704  
Net income
    930  
Distributions
    (1,415 )
Conversion of redeemable limited partner units into shares of ACC common stock
    (1,103 )
Redemption of redeemable limited partner units for cash
    (306 )
Redeemable limited partner units retained in connection with property acquisition
    (157 )
Adjustments to reflect redeemable limited partner units at fair value
    9,876  
Balance, December 31, 2011
    42,529  
Net income
    847  
Distributions
    (1,446 )
Redeemable limited partner units issued as consideration (see Note 5)
    15,000  
Conversion of redeemable limited partner units into shares of ACC common stock
    (1,222 )
Redemption of redeemable limited partner units for cash
    (132 )
Adjustments to reflect redeemable limited partner units at fair value
    1,958  
Balance, December 31, 2012
  $ 57,534  
 
During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, 88,457 and 64,601 common OP units, respectively, were converted into an equal number of shares of ACC’s common stock.  As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately 1.2% and 1.4%, respectively, of the equity interests of the Operating Partnership was held by owners of common OP Units and Series A preferred units not held by ACC or ACC Holdings.
 
10.   Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
 
As of December 31, 2012, the Company owned a noncontrolling interest in one unconsolidated joint venture that is accounted for utilizing the equity method of accounting.  The investment consists of a noncontrolling equity interest in a joint venture with the United States Navy that owns military housing privatization projects located on naval bases in Norfolk and Newport News, Virginia.  In 2010, the Company discontinued applying the equity method in regards to its investment in this joint venture as a result of the Company’s share of losses exceeding its investment in the joint venture.  Because the Company has not guaranteed any obligations of the investee and is not otherwise committed to provide further financial support to the investee, it therefore suspended recording its share of losses once the investment was reduced to zero.  We also earn fees for providing management services to this joint venture, which totaled approximately $1.6 million, $1.6 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
As discussed more fully in Note 5, in January 2012 we acquired full ownership interest in University Heights, a property previously owned by Fund II, a joint venture with Fidelity in which we previously held a 10% interest.  The acquisition of the property was accounted for as a business combination achieved in stages and as a result, the Company was required to remeasure its equity method investment in University Heights to its acquisition-date fair value and recognize the resulting loss in earnings.  The Company recorded a loss of approximately $0.1 million which is included in other nonoperating income on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012.  As University Heights represented the only property owned by Fund II, subsequent to the acquisition we no longer have an equity method investment in Fund II.
 
 
F-29

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
11.   Debt
 
A summary of the Company’s outstanding consolidated indebtedness, including unamortized debt premiums and discounts, is as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Debt secured by wholly-owned properties:
           
  Mortgage loans payable
  $ 1,288,482     $ 744,724  
  Construction loans payable (1)
    57,355       29,350  
      1,345,837       774,074  
Debt secured by on-campus participating properties:
               
  Mortgage loan payable
    31,768       32,097  
  Bonds payable
    44,915       47,220  
      76,683       79,317  
                 
Unsecured revolving credit facility
    258,000       273,000  
Unsecured term loan
    350,000       200,000  
Secured agency facility
    104,000       116,000  
Unamortized debt premiums
    90,091       10,298  
Unamortized debt discounts
    (3,506 )     (5,159 )
Total debt
  $ 2,221,105     $ 1,447,530  
 
(1)
Construction loans payable as of December 31, 2012 includes $12.7 million related to two constructions loans that are financing the development and construction of Townhomes at Newtown Crossing and The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II, both VIEs the Company is including in its consolidated financial statements (see Note 7).  The creditors of these construction loans do not have recourse to the assets of the Company.
 
Mortgage and Construction Loans Payable
 
Mortgage loans payable generally feature either monthly interest and principal payments or monthly interest-only payments with balloon payments due at maturity.  For purposes of classification in the following table, variable rate mortgage loans subject to interest rate swaps are deemed to be fixed rate, due to the Company having effectively fixed the interest rate for the underlying debt instrument.  Construction loans payable generally feature monthly payments of interest only during the term of loan and any accrued interest and outstanding borrowings become due at maturity.  Mortgage and construction loans payable, excluding debt premiums and discounts, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2012:
 
         
As of December 31, 2012
 
   
Principal Outstanding
   
Weighted
 
Weighted
 
Number of
 
   
December 31,
   
Average
 
Average
 
Properties
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
Interest Rate
 
Years to Maturity
 
Encumbered
 
Fixed Rate:
                         
Mortgage loans payable (1)
  $ 1,320,250     $ 776,821       5.54 %
4.7 years
    69  
Variable Rate:
                                 
Construction loans payable (2)
    57,355       29,350       2.60 %
1.4 years
    4  
  Total
  $ 1,377,605     $ 806,171       5.42 %
4.6 years
    73  
 
                (1)
Fixed rate mortgage loans payable mature at various dates from June 2013 through April 2024 and carry interest rates ranging from 3.96% to 7.15%.
 
               (2)
Variable rate construction loans payable mature at various dates from April 2014 through August 2014 and carry interest rates based on LIBOR plus a spread, which translate into interest rates ranging from 2.57% to 4.26% at December 31, 2012.
 
 
F-30

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, the following transactions occurred:
 
   
Mortgage Loans
   
Construction Loans
 
   
Payable
   
Payable
 
Balance, December 31, 2011
  $ 781,960     $ 29,350  
Additions:
               
  Assumption of mortgage loans payable (1) (2) (3)
    645,824       -  
  Debt premiums recorded upon assumption of debt (1) (2) (3)
    84,662       -  
  Draws under advancing construction notes payable (4)
    -       105,428  
Deductions:
               
  Payoff of maturing mortgage notes payable (5)
    (82,345 )     -  
  Payoff of construction notes payable (6)(7)
    -       (77,423 )
  Disposition of properties encumbered with debt
    (10,841 )        
  Scheduled repayments of principal
    (9,208 )     -  
  Amortization of debt premiums and discounts
    (3,217 )     -  
Balance, December 31, 2012
  $ 1,406,835     $ 57,355  
 
(1)
In connection with the Company’s purchase of the Kayne Anderson Portfolio on November 30, 2012, the Company assumed approximately $395.8 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt with a weighted average annual interest rate of 5.28% and a weighted average term to maturity of 8.1 years.  Upon assumption of this mortgage debt, the Company recorded debt premiums totaling approximately $59.2 million to reflect the estimated fair value of the debt assumed.
 
(2)
In connection with the Company’s purchase of the Campus Acquisitions Portfolio on September 14, 2012, the Company assumed approximately $231.1 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt with a weighted average annual interest rate of 5.61% and a weighted average term to maturity of 5.2 years.  Upon assumption of this mortgage debt, the Company recorded debt premiums totaling approximately $24.3 million to reflect the estimated fair value of the debt assumed.
 
(3)
In June 2012, the Company acquired University Commons.  As part of the acquisition, the Company assumed approximately $19.0 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt with an annual interest rate of 5.54% and remaining term to maturity of 2.4 years.  Upon assumption of this mortgage debt, the Company recorded a debt premium of approximately $1.2 million to reflect the estimated fair value of the debt assumed.
 
(4)
Includes draws of approximately $30.0 million from three construction loans, one of which financed the development and construction of University Edge, a VIE included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements during the construction phase until the property was purchased by the Company in December 2012.  The other two construction loans are financing the development and construction of Townhomes at Newtown Crossing and The Lodges of East Lansing Phase II, both VIEs the Company is including in its consolidated financial statements prior to purchasing the respective properties.
 
(5)
The Company paid off fixed rate mortgage debt secured by the following wholly-owned properties: Chapel Ridge, Raiders Pass, The Woods at Greenland, University Village at Boulder Creek, Entrada Real, Aggie Station, Raider’s Crossing, and University Club Townhomes - The Grove.
 
(6)
In November 2012, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from its October equity offering to pay off $55.2 million of variable rate construction debt secured by an owned on-campus ACE property (University Pointe at College Station).
 
(7)
Includes a $22.2 million payoff of a construction loan that financed the development and construction of University Edge, a VIE the Company included in its consolidated financial statements during the construction phase.  The seller/developer paid off the construction loan with proceeds from the Company’s purchase of the property in December 2012.
 
 
F-31

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Bonds Payable
 
Three of the on-campus participating properties are 100% financed with outstanding project-based taxable bonds.  Under the terms of these financings, one of the Company’s special purpose subsidiaries publicly issued three series of taxable bonds and loaned the proceeds to three special purpose subsidiaries that each hold a separate leasehold interest.  The bonds encumbering the leasehold interests are non-recourse, subject to customary exceptions.  Although a default in payment by these special purpose subsidiaries could result in a default under one or more series of bonds, indebtedness of any of these special purpose subsidiaries is not cross-defaulted or cross-collateralized with indebtedness of the Company, the Operating Partnership or other special purpose subsidiaries.  Repayment of principal and interest on these bonds is insured by MBIA, Inc.  Interest and principal are paid semi-annually and annually, respectively, through maturity.  Covenants include, among other items, budgeted and actual debt service coverage ratios.  Bonds payable at December 31, 2012 consisted of the following:
 
             
Principal
   
Weighted
     
Required
 
 
Series
 
Mortgaged Facilities
Subject to Leases
 
 
Original
   
December 31,
2012
   
Average
Rate
 
Maturity
Date
 
Monthly
Debt Service
 
1999
 
University Village-
PVAMU/TAMIU
  $ 39,270     $ 26,185       7.75 %
September 2023
  $ 302  
2001
 
University College–PVAMU
    20,995       15,365       7.53 %
August 2025
    158  
2003
 
University College–PVAMU
    4,325       3,365       6.04 %
August 2028
    28  
   
Total/weighted average rate
  $ 64,590     $ 44,915       7.55 %     $ 488  
 
Unsecured Credit Facility
 
In January 2012, the Company entered into a First Amendment to our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”).  Pursuant to the First Amendment, the Company’s $200 million unsecured term loan was increased in size to $350 million, such that, when combined with the Company’s $450 million unsecured revolving credit facility, the Company has an aggregate Credit Facility of $800 million, which may be expanded by up to an additional $100 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The Company used the proceeds from the expanded term loan to repay outstanding amounts on the revolving credit facility.
 
In addition, in connection with the First Amendment, the maturity date of the term loan was extended from May 20, 2015 to January 10, 2017 and the maturity date of the revolving credit facility was extended to January 10, 2016, and can be extended for an additional 12 months to January 10, 2017, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The First Amendment provides for the interest rate on each loan at a variable rate, at the Company’s option, based upon a base rate or one-, two-, three- or six-month LIBOR, plus, in each case, a spread based upon the Company’s investment grade rating from either Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s Rating Group.  The Company has entered into multiple interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $350 million that effectively fix the interest rate to 2.54% (0.89% + 1.65% spread) on the outstanding balance of the unsecured term loan (see Note 14 for more details).
 
Availability under the revolving credit facility is limited to an “aggregate borrowing base amount” equal to 60% of the value of the Company’s unencumbered properties, calculated as set forth in the Credit Facility.  Additionally, the Company is required to pay a facility fee of 0.30% per annum on the $450 million revolving credit facility.  As of December 31, 2012, the revolving credit facility bore interest at a weighted average annual rate of 1.97% (inclusive of the facility fee discussed above), and availability under the revolving credit facility totaled $192.0 million.
 
The terms of the Credit Facility include certain restrictions and covenants, which limit, among other items, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, liens, and the disposition of assets.  The facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and also contains financial covenants that, among other things, require the Company to maintain certain minimum ratios of “EBITDA” (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) to fixed charges and total indebtedness.  The Company may not pay distributions that exceed a specified percentage of funds from operations, as adjusted, for any four consecutive quarters.  The financial covenants also include consolidated net worth and leverage ratio tests.  As of December 31, 2012, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
 
Secured Agency Facility
 
The Company has a $125 million secured revolving credit facility with a Freddie Mac lender.  The facility has a five-year term and is currently secured by 10 properties referred to as the “Collateral Pool.”  The facility bears interest at one- or three-month LIBOR plus a spread that varies based on the debt service ratio of the Collateral Pool.  Additionally, the Company is required to pay an unused commitment fee of 1.0% per annum.  As of December 31, 2012, the secured agency facility bore interest at a weighted average annual rate of 2.27%.  The secured agency facility includes some, but not all, of the same financial covenants as the unsecured credit facility, described above.  As of December 31, 2012, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
 
 
F-32

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Schedule of Debt Maturities
 
Scheduled debt maturities (reflecting automatic extensions where applicable) for each of the five years subsequent to December 31, 2012 and thereafter, are as follows:
 
   
Scheduled
Principal
   
Due at
Maturity
   
 
Total
 
2013
  $ 16,212     $ 73,690     $ 89,902  
2014
    15,449       346,094       361,543  
2015
    13,110       213,403       226,513  
2016
    12,131       459,896       472,027  
2017
    12,093       467,277       479,370  
Thereafter
    61,381       443,784       505,165  
    $ 130,376     $ 2,004,144     $ 2,134,520  
 
Payment of principal and interest were current at December 31, 2012.  Certain of the mortgage notes and bonds payable are subject to prepayment penalties.
 
12.  Stockholders’ Equity / Partners’ Capital
 
Stockholders’ Equity – Company
 
On October 31, 2012, ACC completed an equity offering, consisting of the sale of 12,650,000 shares of ACC’s common stock at a price of $43.75 per share, including 1,650,000 shares issued as a result of the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option in full at closing.  The offering generated gross proceeds of approximately $553.4 million.  The aggregate proceeds to ACC, net of the underwriting discount and estimated expenses of the offering, were approximately $530.5 million.
 
On July 16, 2012, ACC completed an equity offering, consisting of the sale of 17,250,000 shares of ACC’s common stock at a price of $44.25 per share, including 2,250,000 shares issued as a result of the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option in full at closing.  The offering generated gross proceeds of approximately $763.3 million.  The aggregate proceeds to ACC, net of the underwriting discount and expenses of the offering, were approximately $731.9 million.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2012, ACC sold approximately 1.8 million shares at a weighted average price of $41.61 per share under its 2011 at-the-market share offering program (the “2011 ATM Equity Program”).  Net proceeds received under this program during the year ended December 31, 2012, totaled approximately $73.9 million, after payment of approximately $1.1 million of commissions paid to sales agents.  As of December 31, 2012, no further common shares are available for issuance under the 2011 ATM Equity Program.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2011, ACC sold approximately 5.7 million shares at a weighted average price of $36.56 per share under its 2011 ATM Equity Program discussed above and its previous at-the-market share offering program (the “2010 ATM Equity Program”).  Net proceeds received under both programs during the year ended December 31, 2011, totaled approximately $205.8 million, after payment of approximately $3.1 million of commissions paid to sales agents.
 
Partners’ Capital – Operating Partnership
 
In connection with the July and October 2012 equity offerings and 2011 and 2010 ATM Equity Programs discussed above, ACCOP issued a number of common OP Units to ACC equivalent to the number of shares issued by ACC.
 
In connection with our purchase of the Campus Acquisitions Portfolio in September 2012, we issued 325,098 common OP units to the seller, valued at $46.14 per unit.  See Note 5 for more details.
 
13.  Incentive Award Plan
 
In May 2010, the Company’s stockholders approved the American Campus Communities, Inc. 2010 Incentive Award Plan (the “Plan”).  The Plan provides for the grant of various stock-based incentive awards to selected employees and directors of the Company and the Company’s affiliates.  The types of awards that may be granted under the Plan include incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), profits interest units (“PIUs”) and other stock-based awards.  The Company has reserved a total of 1.7 million shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance pursuant to the Plan, subject to certain adjustments for changes in the Company’s capital structure, as defined in the Plan.  As of December 31, 2012, 1,438,254 shares were available for issuance under the Plan.
 
 
F-33

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Upon initial appointment to the Board of Directors and reelection to the Board of Directors at each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, each outside member of the Board of Directors is granted RSUs.  On the Settlement Date, the Company will deliver to the recipients a number of shares of common stock or cash, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, equal to the number of RSUs held by the recipients.  In addition, recipients of RSUs are entitled to dividend equivalents equal to the cash distributions paid by the Company on one share of common stock for each RSU issued, payable currently or on the Settlement Date, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
Upon reelection to the Board of Directors in May 2012, all members of the Company’s Board of Directors were granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) in accordance with the Plan.  These RSUs were valued at $95,000 for the Chairman of the Board of Directors and at $71,500 for all other members.  In addition, the Company appointed a new member to the Board of Directors in December 2012 and granted RSUs to him valued at $71,500.  The number of RSUs was determined based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant, as defined in the Plan.  All awards vested and settled immediately on the date of grant, and the Company delivered shares of common stock and cash, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
A summary of the Company’s RSUs under the Plan for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is presented below:
 
   
Number of
RSUs
   
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Per RSU
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2010
    -     $ -  
Granted
    9,497       35.02  
Settled in common shares
    (3,279 )     35.02  
Settled in cash
    (6,218 )     35.02  
Outstanding at December 31, 2011
    -     $ -  
Granted
    10,015       45.04  
Settled in common shares
    (1,558 )     45.04  
Settled in cash
    (8,457 )     45.04  
Outstanding at December 31, 2012
    -     $ -  
 
The Company recognized expense of approximately $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, reflecting the fair value of the RSUs issued on the date of grant.  The weighted-average grant-date fair value for each RSU granted during the year ended December 31, 2010 was $26.77.
 
Restricted Stock Awards
 
The Company awards RSAs to its executive officers and certain employees that generally vest in equal annual installments over a five year period.  Unvested awards are forfeited upon the termination of an individual’s employment with the Company under specified circumstances.  Recipients of RSAs receive dividends, as declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, on unvested shares, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company.  A summary of the Company’s RSAs under the Plan for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is presented below:
 
   
Number of
RSAs
   
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Per RSA
 
Nonvested balance at December 31, 2010
    508,381     $ 27.27  
Granted
    193,978       31.55  
Vested
    (99,243 )     25.19  
Forfeited
    (53,816 )     25.52  
Nonvested balance at December 31, 2011
    549,300       31.69  
Granted
    220,265       41.37  
Vested
    (113,345 )     26.65  
Forfeited
    (80,552 )     23.59  
Nonvested balance at December 31, 2012
    575,668     $ 39.32  
 
 
F-34

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The fair value of RSA’s is calculated based on the closing market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.  The fair value of these awards is amortized to expense over the vesting periods, which amounted to approximately $5.3 million, $4.3 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  The weighted-average grant date fair value for each RSA granted and forfeited during the year ended December 31, 2010 was $25.96 and $24.55, respectively.
 
The total fair value of RSAs vested during the year ended December 31, 2012, was approximately $6.8 million.  Additionally, as of December 31, 2012, the Company had approximately $14.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to these RSAs, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 3.0 years.
 
14.   Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
 
The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions.  The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities.  The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments.  Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.  The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings.
 
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
 
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements.  To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.  Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.  The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.  No portion of designated hedges was ineffective during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
 
As discussed in Note 11, the Company increased the $200 million unsecured term loan by $150 million in January 2012.  In connection with this transaction, the Company entered into four interest rate swap contracts with notional amounts totaling $350 million to hedge the variable cash flows associated with interest payments on the LIBOR-based unsecured term loan.  As of December 31, 2012, the Company also had an interest rate swap contract with a notional amount of $31.8 million used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the Cullen Oaks Phase I and Phase II loans.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2012:
                               
Date Entered
 
Effective Date
 
Maturity Date
 
 
Pay Fixed Rate
 
Receive Floating
Rate Index
  Notional Amount   Fair Value  
Feb. 12, 2007
 
Feb. 15, 2007
 
Feb. 15, 2014
 
6.689%
 
LIBOR – 1 mo. plus 1.35%
 
      31,768
 
    (1,807 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Jan. 2, 2017
 
0.8695%
 
LIBOR – 1 month
   
      125,000
   
(1,677 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Jan. 2, 2017
 
0.88%
 
LIBOR – 1 month
   
      100,000
   
(1,385 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Jan. 2, 2017
 
0.8875%
 
LIBOR – 1 month
   
        62,500
   
         (901 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Feb. 2, 2012
 
Jan. 2, 2017
 
0.889%
 
LIBOR – 1 month
   
        62,500
   
         (891 
               
Total
  $
    381,768
 
    (6,661 
 
 
F-35

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
   
Derivative Liabilities as of
 
   
December 31, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
 
Description
 
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Balance Sheet
Location
   
 
Fair Value
 
Interest rate swaps contracts
 
Other liabilities
  $ 6,661  
Other liabilities
    $ 3,360  
Total derivatives designated as
  hedging instruments
      $ 6,661         $ 3,360  
 
15.   Fair Value Disclosures
 
The following table presents information about the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value.  In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities the Company has the ability to access.  Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.  Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs other than quoted prices observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals.  Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.
 
In instances in which the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety has been determined is based on the lowest level input significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.  The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
 
Disclosures concerning financial instruments measured at fair value are as follows:
 
   
Fair Value Measurements as of
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets and
Liabilities (Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
   
Total
   
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets and
Liabilities (Level 1)
   
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
   
 
 
Total
 
Liabilities:
                                               
  Derivative financial
    instruments
  $ -     $ 6,661     $ -     $ 6,661     $ -     $ 3,360     $ -     $ 3,360  
Mezzanine:                                                                
Redeemable
  noncontrolling interests -
  Operating Partnership/
    redeemable limited
    partners
  $ -     $ 57,534     $ -     $ 57,534     $ -     $ 42,529     $ -     $ 42,529  
 
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, specifically interest rate swaps, for nontrading purposes.  The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk arising from previously unhedged interest payments associated with variable rate debt.  Through December 31, 2012, derivative financial instruments were designated and qualified as cash flow hedges.  Derivative contracts with positive net fair values inclusive of net accrued interest receipts or payments are recorded in other assets.  Derivative contracts with negative net fair values, inclusive of net accrued interest payments or receipts, are recorded in other liabilities.  The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative.  This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves.  The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts).  The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.
 
The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.  In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds and guarantees.
 
 
F-36

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Although the Company has determined the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparty.  However, as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of the Company’s derivative financial instruments.  As a result, the Company has determined each of its derivative valuations in its entirety is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value.  The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date.  Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
 
Other Fair Value Disclosures
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, Student Contracts Receivable, Loans Receivable, Other Assets, Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities:  The Company estimates that the carrying amount approximates fair value, due to the short maturity of these instruments.
 
Derivative Instruments: These instruments are reported on the balance sheet at fair value, which is based on calculations provided by independent, third-party financial institutions and represent the discounted future cash flows expected, based on the projected future interest rate curves over the life of the instrument.
 
Unsecured Term Loan, Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility, Secured Agency Facility and Construction Loans: the fair value of these instruments approximates carrying values due to the variable interest rate feature of these instruments.
 
Mortgage Loans Payable: the fair value of mortgage loans payable is based on the present value of the cash flows at current market interest rates through maturity.  The Company has concluded the fair value of these financial instruments are Level 2 as the majority of the inputs used to value these instruments fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
 
Bonds Payable: the fair value of bonds payable is based on quoted prices in markets that are not active due to the unique characteristics of these financial instruments, as such, the Company has concluded the inputs used to measure fair value fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
 
The table below contains the estimated fair value and related carrying amounts for the Company’s mortgage loans and bonds payable as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Fair Value
   
Carrying Amount
   
Fair Value
   
Carrying Amount
 
Mortgage loans
  $
1,437,851
    $ 1,406,835     $ 840,985     $ 781,960  
Bonds payable
    52,778       44,915       53,711       47,220  
 
16.   Lease Commitments
 
The Company as lessee has entered into ground/facility lease agreements with university systems and other third parties for the purpose of financing, constructing and operating student housing properties.  Under the terms of the ground/facility leases, the lessor typically receives annual minimum rent during the earlier years and variable rent based upon the operating performance of the property during the latter years.  The Company recognizes rent expense under the straight-line method over the term of the lease and any difference between the straight-line rent amount and amount payable under the lease terms is recorded as prepaid or deferred rent.  As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, prepaid ground rent totaled approximately $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
 
 
F-37

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
A summary of the Company’s ground/facility lease agreements and related rent expense and/or capitalized rent for the year ended December 31, 2012 is summarized below:
 
Property
 
Primary University Served
 
Lease
Commencement Date
 
Lease
Term
 
Extension Option
 
2012 Rent
Expense
   
2012 Rent
Capitalized
 
                             
Barrett Honors College (ACE)
 
Arizona State University
 
October 2007
 
65 years
 
2, 10 year options
  $ 113     $ -  
Vista del Sol (ACE)
 
Arizona State University
 
December 2006
 
65 years
 
2, 10 year options
    1,138       -  
University Centre
 
Rutgers University
 
August 2005
 
95 years
 
none
    340       -  
University Village
 
Temple University
 
October 2003
 
75 years
 
4, 6 year options
    184       -  
Lobo Village (ACE)
 
University of New Mexico
 
May 2010
 
40 years
 
3, 10 year options
    340       -  
Univ. Village Northwest (ACE)
 
Prairie View A&M University
 
March 2011
 
30 years
 
none
    11       -  
Hilltop Townhomes (ACE) (1)
 
Northern Arizona University
 
May 2011
 
40 years
 
4, 10 year options
    139       195  
The Suites (ACE) (1)
 
Northern Arizona University
 
May 2011
 
40 years
 
4, 10 year options
    132       141  
Casas del Rio (ACE) (1)
 
University of New Mexico
 
May 2011
 
40 years
 
3, 10 year options
    185       309  
University Pointe at College
  Station (ACE) (2)
 
Portland State University
 
December 2010
 
65 years
 
2, 10 year options
    90        179  
Callaway House at Austin (3)
 
University of Texas at Austin
 
February 2011
 
99 years
 
2, 30 year options
    -       239  
Chestnut Square (ACE) (4)
 
Drexel University
 
January 2012
 
40 years
 
3, 10 year options
    -       233  
University View (ACE) (3)
 
Prairie View A&M University
 
October 2012
 
40 years
 
none
    -       5  
The Province – Tampa (5)
 
University of South Florida
 
November 2012 (5)
 
45 yrs. (5)
 
5, 10 year options
    77       -  
5 Twenty Four Angliana (5)
 
University of Kentucky
 
November 2012 (5)
 
30 yrs. (5)
 
none
    14       -  
5 Twenty Five Angliana (5)
 
University of Kentucky
 
November 2012 (5)
 
35 yrs. (5)
 
none
    -       -  
Landmark (6)
 
University of Michigan
 
N/A (6)
 
N/A (6)
 
N/A (6)
    32       -  
  Total
                  $ 2,795     $ 1,301  
 
(1)
Straight-lined rental amounts were capitalized during the construction period and expensed upon the commencement of operations in August 2012.
 
(2)
Straight-lined rental amounts were capitalized during the construction period and expensed upon the commencement of operations in September 2012.
 
(3)
Scheduled to open for occupancy in August 2013.
 
(4)
Scheduled to open for occupancy in September 2013.
 
(5)
The Company acquired the property in November 2012 and assumed the existing ground lease agreement from the seller.  The lease term represents the remaining term of the ground lease from the acquisition date.
 
(6)
The Company acquired the property in September 2012 and assumed the existing ground lease agreement from the seller.  In December 2012, the Company paid the lessor $3.0 million to terminate the existing ground lease and the Company now owns title to the land.
 
The Company is a party to a lease for corporate office space beginning December 17, 2010, and expiring December 31, 2020. The Company is also party to a lease for corporate office space beginning June 19, 2008, and expiring July 31, 2013.  The terms of leases provide for a period of free rent and scheduled rental rate increases and common area maintenance charges upon expiration of the free rent period.
 
The Company also has various operating and capital leases for furniture, office and technology equipment, which expire through 2017.  Rental expense under the operating lease agreements approximated $4.1 million, $3.2 million and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Wholly-owned properties, net at December 31, 2012 included approximately $3.2 million related to capital leases of furniture, net of approximately $3.1 million of accumulated amortization.
 
 
F-38

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Future minimum commitments over the life of all leases subsequent to December 31, 2012, are as follows:
 
   
Operating
   
Capital
 
2013
  $ 5,418     $ 153  
2014
    5,324       -  
2015
    5,244       -  
2016
    5,083       -  
2017
    5,011       -  
Thereafter
    179,298       -  
Total minimum lease payments
    205,378       153  
Amount representing interest
     -       (4 )
Balance of minimum lease payments
  $ 205,378     $ 149  
 
The capital lease obligations are reflected in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and amortization of assets recorded under capital leases is included in depreciation expense.
 
17.  Commitments and Contingencies
 
Commitments
 
Development-related guarantees: For its third-party development projects, the Company commonly provides alternate housing and project cost guarantees, subject to force majeure.  These guarantees are typically limited, on an aggregate basis, to the amount of the projects’ related development fees or a contractually agreed-upon maximum exposure amount.  Alternate housing guarantees typically expire five days after construction is complete and generally require the Company to provide substitute living quarters and transportation for students to and from the university if the project is not complete by an agreed-upon completion date.  Under project cost guarantees, the Company is responsible for the construction cost of a project in excess of an approved budget.   The budget consists primarily of costs included in the general contractors’ guaranteed maximum price contract (“GMP”).  In most cases, the GMP obligates the general contractor, subject to force majeure and approved change orders, to provide completion date guarantees and to cover cost overruns and liquidated damages.  In addition, the GMP is typically secured with payment and performance bonds.  Project cost guarantees expire upon completion of certain developer obligations, which are normally satisfied within one year after completion of the project.
 
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various development-related purchase commitments with parties that provide development-related goods and services.  In the event that the Company was to terminate development services prior to the completion of projects under construction, the Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding purchase orders with such parties.  At December 31, 2012, management did not anticipate any material deviations from schedule or budget related to third-party development projects currently in progress. 
 
The Company has estimated the fair value of guarantees entered into to be immaterial.  The Company’s estimated maximum exposure amount under the above guarantees is approximately $8.3 million as of December 31, 2012.
 
Contingencies
 
Litigation:  The Company is subject to various claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings, including the matter discussed below as well as other matters that have not been fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business.  While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company.  However, the outcome of claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings brought against the Company is subject to significant uncertainty.  Therefore, although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote, the ultimate results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty.
 
 
F-39

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Company and three of its subsidiaries are parties to a lawsuit brought by National Public Finance Guaranty Corporation, as assignee of the claims of CaPFA Capital Corp. 2000F (“CaPFA”), in May 2010 in the Orange County Florida, Complex Business Division, relating to a student housing property located near the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida, which was managed by a subsidiary of GMH (which subsidiary was indirectly acquired by the Company as part of the acquisition of GMH) pursuant to a property management agreement between such subsidiary and CaPFA.  The suit alleges, among other things, a breach of such management agreement, breach of contract implied in fact and breach of fiduciary obligations by the Company and such subsidiaries.  The complaint seeks unspecified compensatory damages, including lost profits, and attorneys’ fees.  The lawsuit is now in discovery, with an initial trial date set for April 2013.  The Company believes it has a number of viable defenses, and, therefore, the Company is defending the suit vigorously.  Due to the pendency of the Company’s defenses and the uncertainty of many other critical factual and legal issues, it is not possible to determine or predict the outcome of the suit or a possible loss or a range of loss, and no amounts have been accrued at December 31, 2012.
 
Letters of Intent:  In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, the Company enters into letters of intent indicating a willingness to negotiate for acquisitions, dispositions or joint ventures.  Such letters of intent are non-binding, and neither party to the letter of intent is obligated to pursue negotiations unless and until a definitive contract is entered into by the parties.  Even if definitive contracts are entered into, the letters of intent relating to the acquisition and disposition of real property and resulting contracts generally contemplate that such contracts will provide the acquirer with time to evaluate the property and conduct due diligence, during which periods the acquirer will have the ability to terminate the contracts without penalty or forfeiture of any deposit or earnest money.  There can be no assurance that definitive contracts will be entered into with respect to any matter covered by letters of intent or that the Company will consummate any transaction contemplated by any definitive contract.  Furthermore, due diligence periods for real property are frequently extended as needed.  Once the due diligence period expires, the Company is then at risk under a real property acquisition contract, but only to the extent of any earnest money deposits associated with the contract.
 
Environmental Matters:  The Company is not aware of any environmental liability with respect to the properties that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, assets or results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that such a material environmental liability does not exist. The existence of any such material environmental liability could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.
 
18.   Segments
 
The Company defines business segments by their distinct customer base and service provided.  The Company has identified four reportable segments: Wholly-Owned Properties, On-Campus Participating Properties, Development Services, and Property Management Services.  Management evaluates each segment’s performance based on operating income before depreciation, amortization, minority interests and allocation of corporate overhead.  Intercompany fees are reflected at the contractually stipulated amounts.
 
 
F-40

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Wholly-Owned Properties
                 
Rental revenues
  $ 449,657     $ 346,764     $ 284,163  
Interest and other income
    44       66       41  
Total revenues from external customers
    449,701       346,830       284,204  
Operating expenses before depreciation, amortization, ground/facility
   lease, and allocation of corporate overhead
    (210,980 )     (164,508 )     (133,904 )
Ground/facility leases
    (2,148 )     (1,329 )     (1,103 )
Interest expense
    (34,683 )     (35,904 )     (45,984 )
Operating income before depreciation, amortization and allocation of
   corporate overhead
  $ 201,890     $ 145,089     $ 103,213  
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 109,590     $ 80,441     $ 66,197  
Capital expenditures
  $ 375,539     $ 225,852     $ 75,249  
Total segment assets at December 31,
  $ 4,958,314     $ 2,843,749     $ 2,522,690  
 
On-Campus Participating Properties
                       
Rental revenues
  $ 26,166     $ 25,252     $ 23,975  
Interest and other income
    16       15       18  
Total revenues from external customers
    26,182       25,267       23,993  
Operating expenses before depreciation, amortization, ground/facility lease,
  and allocation of corporate overhead
    (10,367 )     (9,437 )     (9,811 )
Ground/facility lease
    (2,100 )     (2,279 )     (1,841 )
Interest expense
    (5,671 )     (5,840 )     (6,006 )
Operating income before depreciation, amortization
   and allocation of corporate overhead
  $ 8,044     $ 7,711     $ 6,335  
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 4,644     $ 4,469     $ 4,345  
Capital expenditures
  $ 2,141     $ 1,832     $ 1,141  
Total segment assets at December 31,
  $ 72,922     $ 73,109     $ 75,948  
 
Development Services
                       
Development and construction management fees
  $ 8,574     $ 7,497     $ 9,302  
Operating expenses
    (10,739 )     (9,820 )     (9,367 )
Operating loss before depreciation, amortization and allocation of corporate
  overhead
  $ (2,165 )   $ (2,323 )   $ (65 )
Total segment assets at December 31,
  $ 1,804     $ 14,159     $ 4,757  
 
Property Management Services
                       
Property management fees from external customers
  $ 6,893     $ 7,254     $ 8,670  
Intersegment revenues
    16,349       13,867       11,558  
Total revenues
    23,242       21,121       20,228  
Operating expenses
    (10,098 )     (9,532 )     (7,842 )
Operating income before depreciation, amortization and allocation of
  corporate overhead
  $ 13,144     $ 11,589     $ 12,386  
Total segment assets at December 31,
  $ 4,532     $ 4,535     $ 4,513  
 
Reconciliations
                       
Total segment revenues
  $ 507,699     $ 400,715     $ 337,727  
Unallocated interest income earned on corporate cash
    1,700       501       127  
Elimination of intersegment revenues
    (16,349 )     (13,867 )     (11,558 )
Total consolidated revenues, including interest income
  $ 493,050     $ 387,349     $ 326,296  
Segment operating income before depreciation, amortization and
   allocation of corporate overhead
  $ 220,913     $ 162,066     $ 121,869  
Depreciation and amortization
    (120,366 )     (91,336 )     (76,867 )
Net unallocated expenses relating to corporate overhead
    (43,931 )     (28,075 )     (26,090 )
Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures
    444       (641 )     (2,023 )
Other nonoperating income
    411       -       5,690  
Income tax provision
    (725 )     (433 )     (570 )
Income from continuing operations
  $ 56,746     $ 41,581     $ 22,009  
                         
Total segment assets
  $ 5,037,572     $ 2,935,552     $ 2,607,908  
Unallocated corporate assets
    81,390       73,030       85,576  
Total assets at December 31,
  $ 5,118,962     $ 3,008,582     $ 2,693,484  
 
 
F-41

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
19.  Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
 
American Campus Communities, Inc.
 
The information presented below represents the quarterly consolidated financial results of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.  The results below might differ from previously disclosed quarterly results due to certain reclassifications associated with discontinued operations during the periods presented.
 
   
2012
 
   
1st Quarter
   
2nd Quarter
   
3rd Quarter
   
4th Quarter
   
Total
 
Total revenues
  $ 110,812     $ 105,985     $ 118,807     $ 155,686     $ 491,290  
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 20,026     $ 12,328     $ 627     $ 23,655     $ 56,636  
Net income attributable to common shareholders per
  share - basic
  $ 0.27     $ 0.16     $ 0.00     $ 0.23     $ 0.66  
Net income attributable to common shareholders per
  share - diluted
  $ 0.26     $ 0.16     $ 0.00     $ 0.23     $ 0.65  
 
   
2011
 
   
1st Quarter
   
2nd Quarter
   
3rd Quarter
   
4th Quarter
   
Total
 
Total revenues
  $ 98,403     $ 88,230     $ 95,200     $ 104,934     $ 386,767  
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  $ 17,413     $ 21,740     $ 1,641     $ 15,835     $ 56,629  
Net income attributable to common shareholders per
  share - basic
  $ 0.26     $ 0.31     $ 0.02     $ 0.22     $ 0.81  
Net income attributable to common shareholders per
  share - diluted
  $ 0.25     $ 0.31     $ 0.02     $ 0.22     $ 0.80  
 
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P.
 
The information presented below represents the quarterly consolidated financial results of the Operating Partnership for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.  The results below might differ from previously disclosed quarterly results due to certain reclassifications associated with discontinued operations during the periods presented.
 
   
2012
 
   
1st Quarter
   
2nd Quarter
   
3rd Quarter
   
4th Quarter
   
Total
 
Total revenues
  $ 110,812     $ 105,985     $ 118,807     $ 155,686     $ 491,290  
Net income attributable to common unitholders
  $ 20,267     $ 12,471     $ 647     $ 23,915     $ 57,300  
Net income attributable to common unitholders per
  unit - basic
  $ 0.27     $ 0.16     $ 0.01     $ 0.23     $ 0.66 (1)
Net income attributable to common unitholders per
  unit - diluted
  $ 0.26     $ 0.16     $ 0.00     $ 0.23     $ 0.65  
 
   
2011
 
   
1st Quarter
   
2nd Quarter
   
3rd Quarter
   
4th Quarter
   
Total
 
Total revenues
  $ 98,403     $ 88,230     $ 95,200     $ 104,934     $ 386,767  
Net income attributable to common unitholders
  $ 17,654     $ 22,029     $ 1,662     $ 16,031     $ 57,376  
Net income attributable to common unitholders per
  unit - basic
  $ 0.26     $ 0.31     $ 0.02     $ 0.22     $ 0.81  
Net income attributable to common unitholders per
  unit - diluted
  $ 0.25     $ 0.31     $ 0.02     $ 0.22     $ 0.80  
 
(1)
Net income per share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented.  Therefore, the sum of quarterly net income per share amounts may not equal the total computed for the year.
 
 
F-42

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
20.  Subsequent Events
 
Distributions:  On January 29, 2013, the Company declared a fourth quarter 2012 distribution per share of $0.3375 which was paid on February 22, 2013 to all common stockholders of record as of February 8, 2013.  At the same time, the Operating Partnership paid an equivalent amount per unit to holders of Common Units, as well as the quarterly cumulative preferential distribution to holders of Series A Preferred Units (see Note 9).
 
 
F-43

 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
21. Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
 
               
Initial Cost
   
Basis Step-Up
         
Total Costs
                   
   
Units
   
Beds
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Total (1)
   
Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
   
Encumbrances (3)
   
Year Built
 
Wholly-Owned Properties
 
                                                                             
The Village at Blacksburg
    288       1,056     $ 3,826     $ 22,155     $ -     $ -     $ 4,951     $ 3,826     $ 27,106     $ 30,932     $ 10,048     $ -       1990/1998  
                                                                                                         
The Callaway House
    173       538       5,081       20,499       -       -       3,280       5,081       23,779       28,860       8,395       -       1999  
                                                                                                         
The Village at Alafaya Club
    228       839       3,788       21,851       -       -       2,496       3,788       24,347       28,135       8,592       -       1999  
                                                                                                         
The Village at Science Drive
    192       732       4,673       19,021       -       -       1,663       4,673       20,684       25,357       6,510       -       2000  
                                                                                                         
University Village at Boulder Creek
    82       309       939       14,887       96       1,506       1,111       1,035       17,504       18,539       5,500       -       2002  
                                                                                                         
University Village- Fresno
    105       406       900       15,070       29       483       473       929       16,026       16,955       4,485       -       2004  
                                                                                                         
University Village
    220       749       -       38,739       -       2,380       1,235       -       42,354       42,354       10,517       -       2004  
                                                                                                         
University Village at Sweet Home
    269       828       2,473       34,626       -       -       982       2,473       35,608       38,081       8,795       -       2005  
                                                                                                         
University Club Townhomes (4)
    216       736       4,665       23,103       -       -       4,167       4,665       27,270       31,935       8,281       -       2000/2002  
                                                                                                         
College Club Townhomes (5)
    136       544       2,099       16,049       -       -       2,342       2,099       18,391       20,490       5,524       -       2001/2004  
                                                                                                         
University Club Apartments
    94       376       1,416       11,848       -       -       1,250       1,416       13,098       14,514       3,131       -       1999  
                                                                                                         
The Estates
    396       1,044       4,254       43,164       -       -       2,556       4,254       45,720       49,974       10,776       34,123       2002  
                                                                                                         
City Parc at Fry Street
    136       418       1,902       17,678       -       -       1,195       1,902       18,873       20,775       4,745       10,335       2004  
                                                                                                         
Entrada Real
    98       363       1,475       15,859       -       -       750       1,475       16,609       18,084       3,370       -       2000  
                                                                                                         
University Village- Tallahassee (6)
    217       716       4,322       26,225       -       -       2,347       4,322       28,572       32,894       6,095       -    
1990/91/92
 
                                                                                                         
Royal Village Gainesville
    118       448       2,484       15,153       -       -       1,284       2,484       16,437       18,921       3,614       -       1996  
                                                                                                         
Northgate Lakes
    194       710       4,807       27,284       -       -       1,822       4,807       29,106       33,913       6,060       -       1998  
                                                                                                         
Royal Lexington
    94       364       2,848       12,783       -       -       1,776       2,848       14,559       17,407       3,172       -       1994  
                                                                                                         
Woods at Greenland
    78       276       1,050       7,286       -       -       792       1,050       8,078       9,128       1,828       -       2001  
                                                                                                         
Raiders Crossing
    96       276       1,089       8,404       -       -       754       1,089       9,158       10,247       2,045       -       2002  
                                                                                                         
Raiders Pass
    264       828       3,877       32,445       -       -       1,693       3,877       34,138       38,015       7,171       -       2002  
                                                                                                         
Aggie Station
    156       450       1,634       18,821       -       -       898       1,634       19,719       21,353       4,005       -       2002  
                                                                                                         
The Outpost- San Marcos
    162       486       1,987       18,973       -       -       776       1,987       19,749       21,736       3,982       12,290       2004  
                                                                                                         
The Outpost- San Antonio
    276       828       3,262       36,252       -       -       1,080       3,262       37,332       40,594       7,306       21,605       2005  
                                                                                                         
Callaway Villas
    236       704       3,903       32,286       -       -       586       3,903       32,872       36,775       7,044       -       2006  
                                                                                                         
The Village on Sixth Avenue
    248       752       2,763       22,480       -       -       2,480       2,763       24,960       27,723       5,053       15,842       2000/2006  
                                                                                                         
Newtown Crossing
    356       942       7,013       53,597       -       -       1,075       7,013       54,672       61,685       10,415       29,525       2005/2007  
                                                                                                         
Olde Town University Square
    224       550       2,277       24,614       -       -       942       2,277       25,556       27,833       5,330       19,115       2005  
                                                                                                         
Peninsular Place
    183       478       2,306       16,559       -       -       550       2,306       17,109       19,415       3,787       15,705       2005  
                                                                                                         
University Centre
    234       838       -       77,378       -       -       2,177       -       79,555       79,555       13,223       -       2007  
                                                                                                         
Sunnyside Commons
    68       161       6,933       768       -       -       332       6,933       1,100       8,033       213       -       1925/2001  
                                                                                                         
Pirates Place Townhomes
    144       528       1,159       9,652       -       -       1,709       1,159       11,361       12,520       1,968       5,571       1996  
                                                                                                         
The Highlands
    216       732       4,821       24,822       -       -       1,493       4,821       26,315       31,136       4,151       -       2004  
                                                                                                         
The Summit and Jacob Heights (7)
    258       930       2,318       36,464       -       -       959       2,318       37,423       39,741       5,106       30,623    
2003/04/06
 
                                                                                                         
GrandMarc Seven Corners
    186       440       4,491       28,807       -       -       1,312       4,491       30,119       34,610       4,133       17,070       2000  
                                                                                                         
University Village- Sacramento
    250       394       7,275       12,639       -       -       1,678       7,275       14,317       21,592       2,349       14,740       1979  
 
 
F-44

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
               
Initial Cost
   
Basis Step-Up
         
Total Costs
                   
   
Units
   
Beds
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Total (1)
   
Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
   
Encumbrances (3)
   
Year Built
 
                                                                               
Aztec Corner
    180       606     $ 17,460     $ 32,209     $ -     $ -     $ 574     $ 17,460     $ 32,783     $ 50,243     $ 4,363     $ 28,163       1995  
                                                                                                         
University Crossings
    260       1,016       20,622       47,830       -       -       6,444       20,622       54,274       74,896       7,354       38,857       1926/2003  
                                                                                                         
Campus Corner
    254       796       1,591       20,928       -       -       1,256       1,591       22,184       23,775       3,386       22,266       1997  
                                                                                                         
The Tower at 3rd
    188       375       1,145       19,128       -       -       9,496       1,145       28,624       29,769       4,009       14,491       1973  
                                                                                                         
University Mills
    121       481       524       12,334       -       -       885       524       13,219       13,743       2,118       8,280       2002  
                                                                                                         
University Manor
    168       600       1,387       14,889       -       -       1,907       1,387       16,796       18,183       3,028       13,403       2002  
                                                                                                         
University Pines
    144       552       1,707       17,527       -       -       1,130       1,707       18,657       20,364       2,722       10,491       2001  
                                                                                                         
Lakeside
    244       776       2,347       22,999       -       -       2,216       2,347       25,215       27,562       4,191       14,100       1991  
                                                                                                         
The Club
    120       480       1,164       11,979       -       -       1,776       1,164       13,755       14,919       2,552       -       1989  
                                                                                                         
The Edge- Orlando
    306       930       6,053       37,802       -       -       2,496       6,053       40,298       46,351       5,936       -       1999  
                                                                                                         
University Heights
    144       528       2,794       15,639       -       -       1,407       2,794       17,046       19,840       2,549       -       2003  
                                                                                                         
Southview
    240       960       3,492       41,760       -       -       3,683       3,492       45,443       48,935       7,361       18,918       1998  
                                                                                                         
Stone Gate Apartments
    168       672       2,929       28,164       -       -       2,001       2,929       30,165       33,094       4,642       14,264       2000  
                                                                                                         
The Commons
    132       528       2,173       17,786       -       -       1,665       2,173       19,451       21,624       3,174       4,779       1991  
                                                                                                         
University Gables
    168       648       1,309       13,148       -       -       2,134       1,309       15,282       16,591       2,993       13,237       2001  
                                                                                                         
Campus Ridge
    132       528       960       12,831       -       -       713       960       13,544       14,504       2,103       -       2003  
                                                                                                         
The Enclave
    120       480       582       9,205       -       -       1,130       582       10,335       10,917       1,760       9,192       2002  
                                                                                                         
Hawks Landing
    122       484       1,445       13,735       -       -       2,812       1,445       16,547       17,992       3,037       15,600       1994  
                                                                                                         
Willowtree Apts. and Towers (8)
    473       851       9,807       21,880       -       -       1,543       9,807       23,423       33,230       3,511       -       1968/1974  
                                                                                                         
Abbott Place
    222       654       1,833       18,313       -       -       2,147       1,833       20,460       22,293       3,633       17,850       1999  
                                                                                                         
The Centre
    232       700       1,804       19,395       -       -       1,278       1,804       20,673       22,477       3,395       19,875       2004  
                                                                                                         
University Meadows
    184       616       1,426       14,870       -       -       1,562       1,426       16,432       17,858       2,694       9,633       2001  
                                                                                                         
Campus Way
    194       680       1,581       21,845       -       -       1,980       1,581       23,825       25,406       3,903       15,375       1993  
                                                                                                         
University Pointe
    204       682       989       27,576       -       -       1,080       989       28,656       29,645       4,096       21,300       2004  
                                                                                                         
University Trails
    240       684       1,183       25,173       -       -       1,210       1,183       26,383       27,566       3,923       -       2003  
                                                                                                         
Vista del Sol (ACE)
    613       1,866       -       135,939       -       -       1,456       -       137,395       137,395       18,566       -       2008  
                                                                                                         
Villas at Chestnut Ridge
    196       552       2,756       33,510       -       -       322       2,756       33,832       36,588       4,670       -       2008  
                                                                                                         
Barrett Honors (ACE)
    604       1,721       -       131,302       -       -       433       -       131,735       131,735       13,211       -       2009  
                                                                                                         
Campus Trails
    156       480       1,358       11,291       -       -       3,202       1,358       14,493       15,851       2,104       7,486       1991  
                                                                                                         
Lions Crossing
    204       696       4,453       32,824       -       -       910       4,453       33,734       38,187       2,310       -       1996  
                                                                                                         
Nittany Crossing
    204       684       4,337       31,920       -       -       1,376       4,337       33,296       37,633       2,248       -       1996  
                                                                                                         
State College Park
    196       752       4,612       34,027       -       -       1,616       4,612       35,643       40,255       2,548       -       1991  
                                                                                                         
The View
    157       590       1,499       11,004       -       -       866       1,499       11,870       13,369       913       -       2003  
                                                                                                         
Chapel Ridge
    180       544       4,244       30,792       -       -       589       4,244       31,381       35,625       2,053       -       2003  
                                                                                                         
Chapel View
    224       358       2,161       16,062       -       -       438       2,161       16,500       18,661       1,121       9,690       1986  
                                                                                                         
University Oaks
    181       662       2,150       17,369       -       -       650       2,150       18,019       20,169       1,353       22,150       2004  
                                                                                                         
Blanton Common
    276       860       3,788       29,662       -       -       732       3,788       30,394       34,182       2,122       28,901       2005/2007  
                                                                                                         
University Place
    176       528       1,387       8,236       -       -       912       1,387       9,148       10,535       1,010       -       2001  
                                                                                                         
Burbank Commons
    134       532       2,512       20,063       -       -       927       2,512       20,990       23,502       1,571       14,888       1995  
                                                                                                         
University Crescent
    192       612       3,548       28,403       -       -       663       3,548       29,066       32,614       2,127       24,150       1999  
 
 
F-45

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
               
Initial Cost
   
Basis Step-Up
         
Total Costs
                   
   
Units
   
Beds
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Total (1)
   
Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
   
Encumbrances (3)
   
Year Built
 
                                                                               
University Greens
    156       516     $ 1,117     $ 9,244     $ -     $ -     $ 631     $ 1,117     $ 9,875     $ 10,992     $ 813     $ -       1999  
                                                                                                         
The Edge- Charlotte
    180       720       3,076       22,841       -       -       1,541       3,076       24,382       27,458       1,652       -       1999  
                                                                                                         
University Walk
    120       480       2,016       14,599       -       -       1,227       2,016       15,826       17,842       1,156       -       2002  
                                                                                                         
Uptown
    180       528       3,031       21,685       -       -       535       3,031       22,220       25,251       1,354       -       2004  
                                                                                                         
Sanctuary Lofts
    201       487       2,960       18,180       -       -       2,602       2,960       20,782       23,742       1,941       -       2006  
                                                                                                         
2nd Avenue Centre
    274       868       4,434       27,236       -       -       2,487       4,434       29,723       34,157       2,009       -       2008  
                                                                                                         
Villas at Babcock
    204       792       4,642       30,901       -       -       63       4,642       30,964       35,606       2,076       -       2011  
                                                                                                         
Lobo Village (ACE)
    216       864       -       42,490       -       -       139       -       42,629       42,629       1,946       -       2011  
                                                                                                         
Villas on Sycamore
    170       680       3,000       24,640       -       -       62       3,000       24,702       27,702       1,741       -       2011  
                                                                                                         
University Village  (ACE)
    36       144       -       4,228       -       -       9       -       4,237       4,237       244       -       2011  
                                                                                                         
Eagles Trail
    216       792       608       19,061       -       -       2,716       608       21,777       22,385       884       -       2007  
                                                                                                         
26 West
    367       1,026       21,396       63,994       -       -       3,770       21,396       67,764       89,160       2,076       -       2008  
                                                                                                         
The Varsity
    258       901       11,605       108,529       -       -       1002       11,605       109,531       121,136       3,076       -       2011  
                                                                                                         
University Heights
    204       636       1,625       12,585       -       -       384       1,625       12,969       14,594       425       -       1999  
                                                                                                         
Avalon Heights
    210       754       4,968       24,345       -       -       1,072       4,968       25,417       30,385       513       -       2002  
                                                                                                         
University Commons
    164       480       12,559       19,010       -       -       350       12,559       19,360       31,919       290       18,832       2003  
                                                                                                         
The Block
    669       1,555       22,270       141,430       -       -       399       22,270       141,829       164,099       1,416       -       2007/2008  
                                                                                                         
University Pointe at
   College
  Station (ACE)
    282       978       -       86,114       -       -       116       -       86,230       86,230       1,370       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Casas del Rio (ACE)
    283       1,028       -       41,174       -       -       15       -       41,189       41,189       865       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
The Suites (ACE)
    275       550       -       27,790       -       -       6       -       27,796       27,796       530       20,756       2012  
                                                                                                         
Hilltop Townhomes
   (ACE)
    144       576       -       32,010       -       -       7       -       32,017       32,017       613       23,881       2012  
                                                                                                         
U Club on Frey
    114       456       3,300       18,830       -       -       9       3,300       18,839       22,139       427       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Campus Edge on
  UTA 
 Boulevard
    128       488       2,661       21,909       -       -       7       2,661       21,916       24,577       385       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
U Club Townhomes on
  Marion Pugh
    160       640       6,722       27,181       -       -       24       6,722       27,205       33,927       545       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Villas on Rensch
    153       610       10,231       34,625       -       -       9       10,231       34,634       44,865       528       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
The Village at Overton
  Park
    163       612       5,262       30,148       -       -       40       5,262       30,188       35,450       613       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Casa de Oro (ACE)
    109       365       -       12,431       -       -       6       -       12,437       12,437       261       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
The Villas at Vista
   del Sol
 (ACE)
    104       400       -       20,577       -       -       7       -       20,584       20,584       433       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Icon Plaza
    56       253       6,292       65,857       -       -       95       6,292       65,952       72,244       515       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Chauncey Square
    158       386       2,522       40,013       -       -       94       2,522       40,107       42,629       346       -       2007/2012  
                                                                                                         
309 Green
    110       416       5,351       49,987       -       -       110       5,351       50,097       55,448       402       32,888       2008  
                                                                                                         
Lofts54
    43       172       430       14,741       -       -       31       430       14,772       15,202       123       11,310       2008  
                                                                                                         
Campustown Rentals
    280       766       2,520       40,190       -       -       118       2,520       40,308       42,828       342       23,712       1920-1987  
                                                                                                         
Campustown
    450       1,206       1,812       77,637       -       -       190       1,812       77,827       79,639       642       42,394       1910-2004  
                                                                                                         
Garnet Riverwalk
    170       476       1,427       28,616       -       -       109       1,427       28,725       30,152       286       17,749       2006  
 
 
F-46

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
               
Initial Cost
   
Basis Step-Up
         
Total Costs
                   
   
Units
   
Beds
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements and
Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Total (1)
   
Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
   
Encumbrances (3)
   
Year Built
 
                                                                               
River Mill
    243       461     $ 1,741     $ 22,806     $ -     $ -     $ 106     $ 1,741     $ 22,912     $ 24,653     $ 209     $ -       1972  
                                                                                                         
Landmark
    173       606       3,002       118,168       -       -       170       3,002       118,338       121,340       951       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
922 Place
    132       468       3,363       34,947       -       -       132       3,363       35,079       38,442       296       32,825       2009  
                                                                                                         
Vintage West
    62       121       2,572       11,906       -       -       89       2,572       11,995       14,567       100       9,132       2009  
                                                                                                         
Texan West
    62       190       3,365       14,360       -       -       42       3,365       14,402       17,767       116       16,100       2005  
                                                                                                         
The Castilian
    371       623       3,663       59,772       -       -       251       3,663       60,023       63,686       452       28,300       1967  
                                                                                                         
Bishops Square
    134       315       1,206       17,878       -       -       146       1,206       18,024       19,230       165       12,214       2002  
                                                                                                         
Union
    54       120       169       6,348       -       -       44       169       6,392       6,561       60       3,764       2007  
                                                                                                         
The Retreat
    187       780       5,265       46,236       -       -       148       5,265       46,384       51,649       394       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
West 27th Place
    161       475       13,900       76,720       -       -       6       13,900       76,726       90,626       187       40,200       2011  
                                                                                                         
The Cottages of Durham
    141       619       3,955       41,421       -       -       6       3,955       41,427       45,382       99       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
The Province - Rochester
    336       816       3,798       70,955       -       -       6       3,798       70,961       74,759       146       36,559       2010  
                                                                                                         
The Province - Greensboro
    219       696       2,226       48,567       -       -       8       2,226       48,575       50,801       109       29,000       2011  
                                                                                                         
U Point Kennesaw
    216       795       1,482       61,654       -       -       5       1,482       61,659       63,141       123       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
The Province - Tampa
    287       947       -       52,943       -       -       7       -       52,950       52,950       138       33,700       2009  
                                                                                                         
The Lofts at Capital Garage
    36       144       313       3,581       -       -       6       313       3,587       3,900       12       4,631       1920/2000  
                                                                                                         
RAMZ Apartments
    88       172       785       12,303       -       -       5       785       12,308       13,093       29       9,863       2004  
                                                                                                         
5 Twenty Four and 5
  Twenty Five Angliana (9)
    376       1,060       -       60,448       -       -       4       -       60,452       60,452       161       27,125       2009/2011  
                                                                                                         
The Province - Louisville
    366       858       4,392       63,068       -       -       4       4,392       63,072       67,464       145       39,193       2009  
                                                                                                         
The Province - Fairborn
    200       657       1,211       32,983       -       -       7       1,211       32,990       34,201       79       -       2009  
                                                                                                         
The Lodges of East Lansing
    220       683       3,081       60,477       -       -       8       3,081       60,485       63,566       124       31,626       2011  
                                                                                                         
The Cottages of Baton
   Rouge
    382       1,290       6,524       113,912       -       -       13       6,524       113,925       120,449       244       65,253       2010/2011  
                                                                                                         
U Club Cottages
    105       308       1,744       22,134       -       -       6       1,744       22,140       23,884       49       16,406       2011  
                                                                                                         
The Cottages of Columbia
    145       513       2,695       27,574       -       -       6       2,695       27,580       30,275       60       20,200       2008  
                                                                                                         
Forest Village and
  Woodlake
    352       704       3,125       18,041       -       -       8       3,125       18,049       21,174       48       -       1982/1983  
                                                                                                         
Grindstone Canyon
    201       384       1,631       21,641       -       -       19       1,631       21,660       23,291       51       14,623       2003  
                                                                                                         
25 Twenty
    249       562       2,225       33,429       -       -       3       2,225       33,432       35,657       76       27,000       2011  
                                                                                                         
University Edge
    201       608       4,500       26,385       -       -       385       4,500       26,770       31,270       68       -       2012  
                                                                                                         
Manzanita Hall (ACE) (10)
    241       816       -       18,557       -       -       -       -       18,557       18,557       -       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
The Callaway House
  Austin and   The
  Penthouse at Callaway (10)
    219       753       -       26,290       -       -       -       -       26,290       26,290       -       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
Chestnut Square
  (ACE) (10)
    220       861       -       46,664       -       -       -       -       46,664       46,664       -       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
U Club on Woodward (10)
    112       448       6,702       10,666       -       -       -       6,702       10,666       17,368       435       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
Townhomes at Overton
  Park (10)
    112       448       7,757       11,313       -       -       -       7,757       11,313       19,070       -       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
601 Copeland (10)
    81       283       1,456       4,739       -       -       -       1,456       4,739       6,195       -       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
University View (PVAMU
  Phase
VII) (ACE) (10)
    96       336       -       4,183       -       -       -       -       4,183       4,183       -       -       2013  
                                                                                                         
The Plaza on University (10)
    364       1,313       25,668       5,388       -       -       -       25,668       5,388       31,056       1,426       -       2014  
 
 
F-47

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
               
Initial Cost
   
Basis Step-Up
         
Total Costs
                   
   
Units
   
Beds
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Costs
Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition
   
Land
   
Buildings and
Improvements
and Furniture,
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Total (1)
   
Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
   
Encumbrances (3)
   
Year Built
 
                                                                               
Townhomes at Newtown
  Crossing (10)
    152       608     $ 7,587     $ 7,786     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 7,587     $ 7,786     $ 15,373     $ -     $ 12,133       2013  
                                                                                                         
East Lansing Phase II (10)
    144       366       3,328       4,336       -       -       -       3,328       4,336       7,664       -       585       2013  
                                                                                                         
Subtotal
    29,991       94,321     $ 519,490     $ 4,564,997     $ 125     $ 4,369     $ 148,205     $ 519,615     $ 4,717,571     $ 5,237,186     $ 396,469     $ 1,345,837          
                                                                                                         
On-Campus Participating Properties
                                                                                                 
                                                                                                         
University Village – PVAMU
    612       1,920     $ -     $ 36,506     $ -     $ -     $ 4,979     $ -     $ 41,485     $ 41,485     $ 24,020     $ 22,711    
1996/97/98
 
                                                                                                         
University College - PVAMU
    756       1,470       -       22,650       -       -       3,116       -       25,766       25,766       12,539       18,730       2000/2003  
                                                                                                         
University Village -   TAMIU
    84       250       -       5,844       -       -       807       -       6,651       6,651       3,841       3,474       1997  
                                                                                                         
Cullen Oaks Phase I and II
    411       879       -       33,910       -       -       2,026       -       35,936       35,936       12,092       31,768       2001/2005  
                                                                                                         
Subtotal
    1,863       4,519     $ -     $ 98,910     $ -     $ -     $ 10,928     $ -     $ 109,838     $ 109,838     $ 52,492     $ 76,683          
                                                                                                         
Undeveloped land parcels
    -       -       30,659       -       -       -       -       30,659       -       30,659       -       -          
                                                                                                         
Total
    31,854       98,840     $ 550,149     $ 4,663,907     $ 125     $ 4,369     $ 159,133     $ 550,274     $ 4,827,409     $ 5,377,683     $ 448,961     $ 1,422,520          
 
 
(1)
Total aggregate costs for Federal income tax purposes is approximately $5,302.6 million.
 
(2)
The depreciable lives for buildings and improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment range from three to forty years.
 
(3)
Total encumbrances exclude net unamortized debt premiums of approximately $90.1 million and net unamortized debt discounts of approximately $3.5 million as of December 31, 2012.
 
(4)
For property portfolio count purposes (as described in Note 1) University Club Townhomes includes two properties: University Club Tallahassee and The Grove at University Club.  For lease administration purposes these two properties are reported combined.
 
(5)
For property portfolio count purposes (as described in Note 1) College Club Townhomes includes two properties: College Club Tallahassee and The Greens at College Club.  For lease administration purposes these two properties are reported combined.
 
(6)
For property portfolio count purposes (as described in Note 1) University Village - Tallahassee includes three properties: Royal Oaks, Royal Pavilion and Royal Village Tallahassee.  For lease administration purposes these three properties are reported combined.
 
(7)
For property portfolio count purposes (as described in Note 1) The Summit and Jacob Heights includes three properties: Jacob Heights I, Jacob Heights III and The Summit.  For lease administration purposes these three properties are reported combined.
 
(8)
For property portfolio count purposes (as described in Note 1) Willowtree Apartments and Towers includes two properties: Willowtree Apartments and Willowtree Towers.  For lease administration purposes these two properties are reported combined.
 
(9)
For property portfolio count purposes (as described in Note 1) 5 Twenty Four and 5 Twenty Five Angliana includes two properties: 5 Twenty Four Angliana and 5 Twenty Five Angliana.  For lease administration purposes these two properties are reported combined.
 
(10)
Initial costs represent construction costs associated with the development of this property.  Year built represents the scheduled completion date.
 
 
F-48

 
 
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The changes in the Company’s investments in real estate and related accumulated depreciation for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:
 
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
Wholly-
Owned (1)
   
On-Campus (2)
   
Wholly-
Owned (1)
   
On-Campus (2)
   
Wholly-
Owned (1)
   
On-Campus (2)
 
                                     
Investments in Real Estate:
                                   
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 3,089,267     $ 107,698     $ 2,674,204     $ 105,865     $ 2,188,790     $ 104,724  
Acquisition of land for development
    40,271       -       13,059       -       16,050       -  
Acquisition of properties
    1,834,525       -       259,061       -       425,472       -  
Improvements and development expenditures
    390,408       2,140       229,191       1,833       82,008       1,141  
Provision for asset impairment
    -       -       (559 )     -       (4,036 )     -  
Disposition of real estate
    (86,626 )     -       (85,689 )     -       (34,080 )     -  
                                                 
Balance, end of year
  $ 5,267,845     $ 109,838     $ 3,089,267  (3)   $ 107,698     $ 2,674,204     $ 105,865  
                                                 
Accumulated Depreciation:
                                               
Balance, beginning of year
  $ (300,210 )   $ (47,848 )   $ (240,360 )   $ (43,379 )   $ (173,820 )   $ (39,034 )
Depreciation for the year
    (103,306 )     (4,644 )     (79,096 )     (4,469 )     (68,719 )     (4,345 )
Disposition of properties
    7,047       -       19,246       -       2,179       -  
                                                 
Balance, end of year
  $ (396,469 )   $ (52,492 )   $ (300,210 ) (3)   $ (47,848 )   $ (240,360 )   $ (43,379 )
 
 
(1)
Includes owned off-campus properties and owned on-campus properties.
 
(2)
Includes on-campus participating properties.
 
(3)
The investments in real estate and accumulated depreciation balances above include Pirates Cove which was classified as wholly-owned property held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2011.
 
 
F-49